All live births > or = 23 weeks at the University of Vermont in 1995 ( n = 2395 ) were retrospectively analyzed for delivery route , indication for cesarean , gestational age , parity , and practice group ( to reflect risk status ) .||NONE
The total cesarean rate was 14.4 % ( 344 of 2395 ) , and the primary rate was 11.4 % ( 244 of 2144 ) .||NONE
Abnormal presentation was the most common indication ( 25.6 % , 88 of 344 ) .||NONE
The `` corrected '' cesarean rate ( maternal-fetal medicine and transported patients excluded ) was 12.4 % ( 273 of 2194 ) , and the `` corrected '' primary rate was 9.6 % ( 190 of 1975 ) .||NONE
Furthermore , when all deliveries were analyzed , regardless of risk status but limited to gestational age > or = 36 weeks , the rates did not change ( 12.6 % , 280 of 2214 ; primary 9.2 % , 183 of 1994 ) .||NONE
Arrest of dilation was the most common indication in both `` corrected '' subgroups ( 23.4 and 24.6 % , respectively ) .||NONE
Cesarean rates at tertiary care hospitals should be compared with rates at community hospitals only after correcting for dissimilar patient groups or gestational age .||NONE
 In the third trimester , the amniotic fluid index ( AFI ) may be affected by maternal fluid status .||NONE
As the ambient temperature increases , there is an increase in insensible fluid loss and the potential for dehydration .||NONE
We hypothesize that as temperature increases there would be a concomitant decrease in AFI .||NONE
From June 11 to August 16 , 1993 , during a period of unusual high heat , 42 women with singleton pregnancies between 27 and 40 weeks ' gestation undergoing serial antenatal testing had AFI determinations recorded at least weekly .||NONE
The daily high ambient temperature in our urban area was subsequently obtained .||NONE
A 2- , 3- , and 4-day mean temperature prior to the test date was compared to AFI using a Spearman-rank Correlation .||NONE
The daily high temperature ranged from 71 to 104 degrees F and AFI values ranged from 1.7 to 24.7 cm during the study period .||NONE
There was a significant correlation between the 2- , 3- , and 4-day mean temperature and AFI , with the 4-day mean being the most significant ( r = 0.31 , p & # 60 ; 0.001 ) .||NONE
Fluctuations in ambient temperature are inversely correlated to changes in AFI .||NONE
This relationship should be taken into account when interpreting the AFI as a measure of fetal well-being .||NONE
 This study tested the hypothesis that to reduce the rate of macrosomic infants in gestational diabetes cases , good glycemic control should be initiated before 34 completed gestational weeks .||NONE
The study population included 84 women with <DISONLY> gestational diabetes </DISONLY> , ascertained by universal screening of all women attending the antenatal clinic of the Hadassah Medical Center , over a 2-year period .||DISONLY
The 60 women ( 71 % ) , who initiated treatment before 34 completed weeks , composed the `` early '' group .||NONE
The 24 women ( 29 % ) , who initiated treatment after the 34th week , composed the `` late '' group .||NONE
All patients were managed by an intensified protocol , including stringent <TREATONLY> glycemic control </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
In the `` early '' and `` late '' groups , mean gestational age at the beginning of treatment was 30.0 +/- 3.8 and 36.2 +/- 1.2 weeks , and duration of treatment was 9.6 +/- 4.1 and 3.7 +/- 1.8 weeks , respectively .||NONE
Maternal characteristics were similar in the two groups .||NONE
The rate of macrosomic and large-for-gestational-age infants were 5 and 11 % , respectively , in the early group as compared to 25 and 29 % in the `` late '' group ( p & # 60 ; 0.05 ) .||NONE
No significant differences were found between the two groups in the mode of delivery or Apgar scores .||NONE
We conclude that to reduce the rate of <DIS_PREV> macrosomic infants in gestational diabetes cases </DIS_PREV> , <TREAT_PREV> good glycemic control </TREAT_PREV> should be initiated before 34 completed gestational weeks .||PREVENT
 Our aim was to investigate the contribution of certain antenatally detectable markers leading to the diagnosis of trisomic fetuses we observed over a period of 6 years .||NONE
In our study , we specifically analyzed the role played by advanced maternal age and sonographically discovered abnormalities in the detection of <DISONLY> autosomal trisomies </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
All together , 27 fetuses had this disorder , representing 28.7 % ( 27 of 94 ) of all <DISONLY> cytogenetic aberrations </DISONLY> detected at our center over the same period .||DISONLY
<DISONLY> Down syndrome </DISONLY> ( 12 cases ) and <DISONLY> Edward syndrome </DISONLY> ( 11 cases ) were the most common <DISONLY> trisomies </DISONLY> , while 4 cases of <DISONLY> Patau syndrome </DISONLY> were also diagnosed .||DISONLY
The most common indication leading to diagnosis was abnormal ultrasound finding ( 48.2 % ) , followed by advanced maternal age ( 44.4 % ) .||NONE
However , 63 % of the trisomic fetuses belonged to mothers aged 35 years and above .||NONE
<DISONLY> Down syndrome </DISONLY> fetuses ( 41.7 % ) had prenatally detected sonographic anomalies , 63.6 % for <DISONLY> Edward syndrome </DISONLY> , and all fetuses with <DISONLY> Patau syndrome </DISONLY> ( 4 of 4 ) showed abnormal sonographic signs .||DISONLY
<DISONLY> Trisomy 21 </DISONLY> presented with the following features : hydramnios , complex malformations , <DISONLY> pyelectasis </DISONLY> , and <DISONLY> duodenal atresia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
<DISONLY> Trisomy 18 </DISONLY> fetuses showed hydramnios , intrauterine growth retardation , <DISONLY> microcephaly </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> spina bifida </DISONLY> , and <DISONLY> nonimmune hydrops fetalis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Signs observed in fetuses with <DISONLY> trisomy 13 </DISONLY> were : hydrocephalus , intrauterine growth retardation , oligoanhydramnios , complex malformations , severe fetal <DISONLY> bradycardia </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> hydronephrosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The objective of this study was to determine if the rate of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> is increased in triplet as compared to twin gestations .||DISONLY
Fifty-three triplet pregnancies between 1986 and 1993 at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center were reviewed .||NONE
These were matched for maternal age , parity , and race to twin gestations ( N = 53 ) from the same population .||NONE
Severe <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> was defined by standard criteria .||DISONLY
Student 's t-test , Fisher exact test , and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis .||NONE
The rate of severe <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> was increased significantly in the triplet group 12 of 53 ( 22.6 % ) as compared with the twin group 3 of 53 ( 5.7 % ) ( OR = 4.9 , 95 % CI 1.2-23.5 , p = 0.02 ) .||DISONLY
The rate of overall <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> was not significantly different in the triplet 18 of 53 ( 33.96 % ) or twin 12 of 53 ( 22.6 % ) groups .||DISONLY
In this retrospective , case-controlled study , the rate of severe <DISONLY> pre-eclampsia </DISONLY> was significantly increased in triplet gestations as compared to twins although the overall rate of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> was not .||DISONLY
This information may be useful in counseling patients with high order multifetal gestations .||NONE
 We conducted a survey and audit of thermal equipment use in very low-birth-weight infants in five Ohio neonatal intensive care units ( NICUs ) to document regional practice .||NONE
The survey indicated a variety of thermal care styles .||NONE
Two NICUs preferred to admit infants to incubators , the other three favoring radiant warmers .||NONE
These three NICUs moved infants from radiant warmers into incubators at significantly different mean ages .||NONE
The audit demonstrated inconsistent use of plastic covers , warming mattresses , and added humidity under radiant warmers , and discrepancies between survey responses and actual use within NICUs .||NONE
Inter-NICU variability of thermal equipment use may complicate fluid management .||NONE
 This report describes a full-term newborn with <DISONLY> massive fetomaternal hemorrhage </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Fetal movements were decreased 48 hr prior to delivery .||NONE
On the day of delivery , they were absent .||NONE
The nonstress test was abnormal with low biophysical profile and decreased beat-to-beat variability .||NONE
The infant presented with extreme pallor , <DISONLY> hypotonia </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> hepatosplenomegaly </DISONLY> , and <DISONLY> ascites </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The initial hemoglobin was 2.2 g/dL , the Kleihauer-Betke stain was 27.6 % ( highest level ever reported ) .||NONE
Right temporal and cerebellar hemorrhages were present .||NONE
Sequelae include severe developmental delay and asymmetric double <DISONLY> hemiplegia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate anus-Spinal defects ( OEIS complex ) </DISONLY> , a combination of <DISONLY> omphalocele </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> exstrophy of the bladder </DISONLY> , an imperforate anus and <DISONLY> spinal defects </DISONLY> , arises from a single localized defect in the early development of the mesoderm that will later contribute to infraumbilical mesenchyme , cloacal septum , and caudal vertebrae .||DISONLY
In this report , we document the perinatal features of two cases of <DISONLY> OEIS complex </DISONLY> associated with <DISONLY> meningomyeloceles </DISONLY> and severe lower limb defects , and discuss the prenatal diagnosis , inheritance , and differential diagnosis of this association of malformations .||DISONLY
Although long-term survival can be achieved by successful <TREAT_VAG> corrective surgery </TREAT_VAG> , the associated structural defects such as <DIS_VAG> large meningomyelocele </DIS_VAG> and severe <DIS_VAG> limb aplasia </DIS_VAG> or <DIS_VAG> hypoplasia </DIS_VAG> , as seen in our patient , can influence the patient 's quality of life . ||VAGUE
We would like to emphasize that an accurate prenatal diagnosis of <DISONLY> OEIS complex </DISONLY> and associated malformations is important for the detailed counseling of the family as well as appropriate perinatal management by the obstetricians , pediatric surgeons , urologists , neurosurgeons , and neonatologists .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Nonimmune hydrops fetails </DISONLY> diagnosed at 21 weeks ' gestation with profound <DISONLY> ascites </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> hydrothorax </DISONLY> , and <DISONLY> pericardial effusion </DISONLY> receded gradually with regression of a subchorial placental lucencies immediately below the umbilical cord insertion .||DISONLY
Careful inspection of the delivered placenta revealed that there was a yellowish lesion of fibrin deposits below the cord insertion site , which resulted from the absorption of hematoma .||NONE
A subchorial placental <DISONLY> hematoma </DISONLY> , which detected as a subchorial placental <DISONLY> lucencies </DISONLY> by ultrasonography , can be a cause of reversible <DISONLY> nonimmune hydrops fetalis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The <DISONLY> mitochondrial diseases </DISONLY> are uncommon multisystem disorders characterized by the presence of functionally and/or structurally abnormal mitochondria .||DISONLY
As there have been few reports of the obstetrical care of affected patients , we wish to document two pregnancies in a woman with a <DISONLY> Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia ( Kearns-Sayre-like syndrome ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Both pregnancies were complicated by preterm labor and <DISONLY> hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 CONTEXT : Four genetic loci have been identified as contributing to <DISONLY> Alzheimer disease ( AD ) </DISONLY> , including the amyloid precursor protein gene , the presenilin 1 gene , the presenilin 2 gene , and the apolipoprotein E gene , but do not account for all the genetic risk for AD .||DISONLY
OBJECTIVE : To identify additional genetic risk factors for late-onset AD .||NONE
DESIGN : A complete genomic screen was performed ( N=280 markers ) .||NONE
Critical values for chromosomal regional follow-up were a P value of .05 or less for affected relative pair analysis or sibpair analysis , a parametric lod score of 1.0 or greater , or both .||NONE
Regional follow-up included analysis of additional markers and a second data set .||NONE
SETTING : Clinic populations in the continental United States .||NONE
PATIENTS : > From a series of multiplex families affected with late-onset ( > or =60 years ) AD ascertained during the last 14 years ( National Insititute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer 's Disease and Related Disorders Association diagnostic criteria ) and for which DNA has been obtained , a subset of 16 families ( 135 total family members , 52 of whom were patients with AD ) was used for the genomic screen .||NONE
A second subset of 38 families ( 216 total family members , 89 of whom were patients with AD ) was used for the follow-up analysis .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Linkage analysis results generated using both genetic model-dependent ( lod score ) and model-independent methods .||NONE
RESULTS : Fifteen chromosomal regions warranted initial follow-up .||NONE
Follow-up analyses revealed 4 regions of continued interest on chromosomes 4 , 6 , 12 , and 20 , with the strongest results observed forchromosome 12 .||NONE
Peak 2-point affecteds-only lod scores ( n=54 ) were 1.3 , 1.6 , 2.7 , and 2.2 and affected relative pairs P values ( n=54 ) were .04 , .03 , .14 , and .04 for D12S373 , D12S1057 , D12S1042 , and D12S390 , respectively .||NONE
Sibpair analysis ( n=54 ) resulted in maximum lod scores ( MLSs ) of 1.5 , 2.6 , 3.2 , and 2.3 for these markers , with a peak multipoint MLS of 3.5 .||NONE
A priori stratification by APOE genotype identified 27 families that had at least 1 member with AD whose genotype did not contain an APOE*4 allele .||NONE
Analysis of these 27 families resulted in MLSs of 1.0 , 2.4 , 3.7 , and 3.3 and a peak multipoint MLS of 3.9 .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : A complete genomic screen in families affected with late-onset AD identified 4 regions of interest after follow-up .||NONE
Chromosome 12 gave the strongest and most consistent results with a peak multipoint MLS of 3.5 , suggesting that this region contains a new susceptibility gene for AD .||NONE
Additional analyses are necessary to identify the chromosome 12 susceptibility gene for AD and to follow up the regions of interest on chromosomes 4 , 6 , and 20 .||NONE
 CONTEXT : A mutation in the BRCA1 gene may confer substantial risk for breast and/or ovarian <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
However , knowledge regarding all possible mutations and the relationship between risk factors and mutations is incomplete .||NONE
OBJECTIVES : To identify BRCA1 mutations and to determine factors that best predict presence of a deleterious BRCA1 mutation in patients with breast and/or ovarian <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
DESIGN : A complete sequence analysis of the BRCA1 coding sequence and flanking intronic regions was performed in 798 women in a collaborative effort involving institutions from the United States , Italy , Germany , Finland , and Switzerland .||NONE
PARTICIPANTS : Institutions selected 798 persons representing families ( 1 person for each family ) thought to be at elevated a priori risk of BRCA1 mutation due to potential risk factors , such as multiple cases of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> , early age of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> diagnosis , and cases of <DISONLY> ovarian cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
No participant was from a family in which genetic markers showed linkage to the BRCA1 locus .||NONE
MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES : Sequence variants detected in this sample are presented along with analyses designed to determine predictive characteristics of those testing positive for BRCA1 mutations .||NONE
RESULTS : In 102 women ( 12.8 % ) , clearly deleterious mutations were detected .||NONE
Fifty new genetic alterations were found including 24 deleterious mutations , 24 variants of unknown significance , and 2 rare polymorphisms .||NONE
In a subset of 71 Ashkenazi Jewish women , only 2 distinct deleterious mutations were found : 185delAG in 17 cases and 5382insC in 7 cases .||NONE
A bias in prior reports for mutations in exon 11 was revealed .||NONE
Characteristics of a patient 's specific diagnosis ( unilateral or bilateral <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> , with or without <DISONLY> ovarian cancer </DISONLY> ) , early age at diagnosis , Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity , and family history of cancer were positively associated with the probability of her carrying a deleterious BRCA1 mutation .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : Using logistic regression analysis , we provide a method for evaluating the probability of a woman 's carrying a deleterious BRCA1 mutation for a wide range of cases , which can be an important tool for clinicians as they incorporate genetic susceptibility testing into their medical practice .||NONE
 CONTEXT : Approximately 9 % of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> cases have been estimated to result from inheritance of mutated prostate cancer susceptibility genes .||DISONLY
Few data exist as to whether there are clinical differences between <DISONLY> prostate cancers </DISONLY> that are inherited and those that occur in the general population .||DISONLY
OBJECTIVE : To investigate phenotypic characteristics of families potentially linked to the hereditary prostate cancer 1 ( HPC1 ) locus on chromosome 1q24-25 .||NONE
DESIGN : Retrospective case study in which clinical data were extracted from medical and pathological records .||NONE
FAMILIES : A total of 74 North American families with hereditary <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Prostate cancer cases from the National Cancer Data Base were used as a reference population for comparison .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : The families were divided into 2 groups : either potentially linked ( 33 families with 133 men with <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> ) , and thus likely to be carrying an altered HPC1 gene , or potentially unlinked ( 41 families with 172 men with <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> ) , on the basis of haplotype analysis in the region of HPC1 .||DISONLY
The age at diagnosis of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> , serum prostate-specific antigen levels , digital rectal examination status , stage , grade , primary treatment of <DISONLY> prostate cancers </DISONLY> , and occurrence of other <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> were compared between the groups .||DISONLY
RESULTS : The mean age at diagnosis of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> for men in potentially linked families was significantly lower than for men in potentially unlinked families ( 63.7 vs 65.9 years , respectively , P=.01 ; mean age at diagnosis in the reference population was 71.6 years ) .||DISONLY
Higher-grade <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> ( grade 3 ) were more common in potentially linked families , and advanced-stage disease was found in 41 % of the case patients in potentially linked families compared with 31 % in both the potentially unlinked families and the reference groups ( P=.03 for the latter comparison ) .||DISONLY
In the other clinical parameters , we found no significant differences between the groups .||NONE
A modest excess of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> colon cancer </DISONLY> was found in potentially linked families in comparison with potentially unlinked families , but this difference was not statistically significant .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : Families that provide evidence for segregation of an altered HPC1 gene are characterized by multiple cases of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> that , in most respects , are indistinguishable from nonhereditary cases .||DISONLY
However , 3 characteristics were observed : younger age at diagnosis , higher-grade <DISONLY> tumors </DISONLY> , and more advanced-stage disease .||DISONLY
Our study shows that a significant fraction of hereditary <DISONLY> prostate cancers </DISONLY> are diagnosed in advanced stages , emphasizing the clinical importance of early detection in men potentially carrying prostate cancer susceptibility genes .||DISONLY
These findings support the current recommendations to screen men with a positive family history of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> beginning at age 40 years .||DISONLY
 CONTEXT : Susceptibility to <DISONLY> multiple sclerosis ( MS ) </DISONLY> involves a genetically complex autoimmune component .||DISONLY
However , except for genes in the HLA system , specific susceptibility loci are unknown or unconfirmed .||NONE
OBJECTIVE : To investigate several loci spanning 3 candidate regions for a role in <DISONLY> multiple sclerosis ( MS ) </DISONLY> susceptibility in 2 ethnic groups using both single-locus and haplotype analyses .||DISONLY
The 3 regions include HLA on chromosome 6p21.3 , APOE on chromosome 19ql 3.2 , and MBP ( myelin basic protein ) on chromosome 18q23 .||NONE
DESIGN : Case-control association testing .||NONE
SUBJECTS : A total of 120 Caucasian patients with MS and 107 unrelated control individuals from California , and 32 patients and 32 unrelated control individuals from Beijing , China .||NONE
All patients with MS were diagnosed as having clinically definite disease according to published criteria .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Chi2 Testing of loci and individual alleles and haplotypes .||NONE
Haplotype frequencies were estimated with standard maximum likelihood methods .||NONE
RESULTS : The HLA effect is due to the class II DR2 haplotype , DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DRB1*0602 ; contributions to MS susceptibility from additional DRB1-DQB1 alleles or other HLA region loci were not observed .||NONE
Variation within the MBP locus on chromosome 18q23 showed no effect in MS .||NONE
The distribution of haplotypes from 5 loci within the chromosome 19q13.2 region , including D19S178 , D19S574 , APOE , APOC2 , and D19S219 , differed between patient and control samples .||NONE
D19S574 showed a significant effect ( P=.015 ) in Caucasian patients with MS due to the increased frequency of a single allele ( P=.002 ) .||NONE
The APOE variation , prominent in other neurological diseases , showed no influence on MS susceptibility , despite its location within the chromosome 19q13.2 region .||NONE
Interaction effects between DR2 and chromosome 19q13.2 or MBP in MS susceptibility were not apparent .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : The significant chromosome 19q13.2 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with MS in Caucasian and Chinese patient samples indicate an effect from a nearby disease susceptibility locus .||NONE
These initial observations are an encouraging step toward the description of non-HLA genetic susceptibility to MS .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> CONTEXT : There is a substantial risk of a second cancer for persons with hereditary retinoblastoma , which is enhanced by radiotherapy .||TO_SEE
<TO_SEE> OBJECTIVE : To examine long-term risk of new primary cancers in survivors of childhood retinoblastoma and quantify the role of radiotherapy in sarcoma development .||TO_SEE
DESIGN : Cohort incidence study of patients with retinoblastoma followed for a median of 20 years , and nested case-control study of a radiation dose-response relationship for bone and soft tissue sarcomas .||NONE
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS : A total of 1604 patients with <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> who survived at least 1 year after diagnosis , identified from hospital records in Massachusetts and New York during 1914 to 1984 .||DISONLY
RESULTS : Incidence of subsequent <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> was statistically significantly elevated only in the 961 patients with hereditary <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> , in whom 190 <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> were diagnosed , vs 6.3 expected in the general population ( relative risk ( RR ) , 30 ( 95 % confidence interval , 26-47 ) ) .||DISONLY
Cumulative incidence ( +/-SE ) of a second <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> at 50 years after diagnosis was 51.0 % ( +/-6.2 % ) for hereditary <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> , and 5.0 % ( +/-3.0 % ) for nonhereditary <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
All 114 <DISONLY> sarcomas </DISONLY> of diverse histologic types occurred in patients with hereditary <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
For soft tissue <DISONLY> sarcomas </DISONLY> , the RRs showed a stepwise increase at all dose categories , and were statistically significant at 10 to 29.9 Gy and 30 to 59.9 Gy .||DISONLY
A radiation risk for all sarcomas combined was evident at doses above 5 Gy , rising to 10.7-fold at doses of 60 Gy or greater ( P & # 60 ; .05 ) .||NONE
<TO_SEE> CONCLUSIONS : Genetic predisposition has a substantial impact on risk of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> subsequent cancers </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in <DIS> retinoblastoma </DIS> patients , which is further increased by <TREAT> radiation treatment </TREAT> .||TO_SEE
 A radiation dose-response relationship is demonstrated for all sarcomas and , for the first time in humans , for soft tissue sarcomas .||NONE
<DISONLY> Retinoblastoma </DISONLY> patients should be examined for new <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> and followed into later life to determine whether their extraordinary cancer risk extends to common <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> of adulthood .||DISONLY
 The objective of this study was to determine the rate of recent cocaine use among a metropolitan population of predominantly Hispanic and African-American women with preterm <DISONLY> premature rupture of the membranes ( PROM ) </DISONLY> and to ascertain the impact of cocaine on the latency period between rupture of membranes and delivery .||DISONLY
Urine toxicology screens were prospectively obtained on 147 women with <DISONLY> preterm PROM </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The urine screen did not influence management decisions .||NONE
All women were expectantly managed without tocolytics until 37 weeks ' gestation unless they developed clinical chorioamnionitis , or nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing or biophysical profile .||NONE
Demographic information , hours from rupture of membranes to delivery , gestational age , and birth weight at delivery were compared using Fisher 's exact , Mann-Whitney U , and randomization tests where appropriate .||NONE
The rate of positive urine drug screens for cocaine was 8.2 % .||NONE
Women in the cocaine positive group were of higher parity ( 3 , ( 0-7 ) vs. 1 , ( 0-6 ) , p = 0.001 ) and tended to be older ( 27 , ( 23-42 ) vs. 25 , ( 14-40 ) ) .||NONE
There was a higher rate of recent cocaine use among African-American women ( 20.4 % ) as compared to non-African-Americans ( 1.2 % , p = 0.0001 ) .||NONE
Cocaine-positive women presented at an earlier gestational age ( 32 weeks ' , ( 24-34 ) vs. 33 weeks ' , ( 23-36 ) , p = 0.02 ) and had a significantly longer membrane rupture to delivery interval than women with a negative urine drug screen ( 174 hr , ( 6-475 ) vs. 33 hours ( 1-833 ) , p = 0.01 ) .||NONE
There was no significant difference in the reason for delivery between the two groups of patients .||NONE
Recent cocaine use among women with <DISONLY> preterm PROM </DISONLY> is common in only some segments of an urban population .||DISONLY
Women with recent cocaine use present with ruptured membranes at an earlier gestational age and may actually have a longer latency period than women who do not use cocaine .||NONE
 The objective of this article is to explore attitudes of an inner-city , pregnant cohort about general and HIV-related prenatal care .||NONE
Responses to an interview at initial prenatal care enrollment were compared using Chi-square and Fisher 's exact tests .||NONE
Of 75 women , drug users ( 51 % ) were more likely to say that they would defer initiating prenatal care ( P = 0.03 ) and to minimize the risk of drug or alcohol use to the fetus ( P = 0.04 ) .||NONE
Most ( 85 % ) viewed pregnancy as inappropriate for <DISONLY> HIV </DISONLY> infected women and primarily drug users ( P = 0.06 ) would abort if <DISONLY> HIV </DISONLY> infected .||DISONLY
Over half thought <DISONLY> HIV </DISONLY> transmission occurred most times or always .||DISONLY
Only 20 % had heard of a drug to reduce this risk , but 95 % would take such a therapy .||NONE
These inner-city , pregnant women disapproved of pregnancy if <DISONLY> HIV </DISONLY> infected and thought the risk of transmission was high .||DISONLY
They knew little of how to reduce this risk but nearly all would accept a drug to prevent transmission .||NONE
 The association of <DISONLY> parvovirus B19 infection </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> hydrops fetalis </DISONLY> is well known .||DISONLY
However , the association of <DISONLY> parvovirus </DISONLY> and fetal pleural or <DISONLY> pericardial effusions </DISONLY> has not been reported .||DISONLY
We present five cases of isolated pleural or <DISONLY> pericardial effusion </DISONLY> with documented maternal <DISONLY> parvovirus infection </DISONLY> in four of these pregnancies .||DISONLY
In the absence of structural or karyotypic abnormalities , spontaneous resolution of the effusion portends for a successful pregnancy outcome .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <TREATONLY> Cochlear implantation </TREATONLY> is nowadays a reliable and well-accepted method of auditory rehabilitation in selected adults and children .||TREATONLY
METHODS : We present rehabilitation data on 21 adult patients provided with the Nucleus CI22 M cochlear implant using the SPEAK strategy .||NONE
RESULTS : Results of first tune-up show an open set speech understanding in approximately 50 % of patients .||NONE
Long-term results also reveal further improvement in patients who had no open set speech understanding .||NONE
Our data seem to indicate similar results in comparison to other groups using the CIS strategy .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : In adults , open set speech understanding can be achieved even at the first tune-up .||NONE
Results of early rehabilitation seem to be influenced by duration and etiology of <DISONLY> deafness </DISONLY> , experience with hearing aids , and other factors .||DISONLY
 Adverse drug effects are manifold and heterogenous .||NONE
Many situations may hamper the signalling ( i.e. the detection of early warning signs ) of adverse effects and new signals often differ from previous experiences .||NONE
Signals have qualitative and quantitative aspects .||NONE
Different categories of adverse effects need different methods for detection .||NONE
Current pharmacovigilance is predominantly based on spontaneous reporting and is mainly helpful in detecting type B effects ( those effects that are often allergic or idiosyncratic reactions , characteristically occurring in only a minority of patients and usually unrelated to dosage and that are serious , unexpected and unpredictable ) and unusual type A effects ( those effects that are related to the pharmacological effects of the drug and are dosage-related ) .||NONE
Examples of other sources of signals are prescription event monitoring , large automated data resources on morbidity and drug use ( including record linkage ) , case-control surveillance and follow-up studies .||NONE
Type C effects ( those effects related to an increased frequency of 'spontaneous ' disease ) are difficult to study , however , and continue to pose a pharmacoepidemiological challenge .||NONE
Seven basic considerations can be identified that determine the evidence contained in a signal : quantitative strength of the association , consistency of the data , exposure response relationship , biological plausibility , experimental findings , possible analogies and the nature and quality of the data .||NONE
A proposal is made for a standard signal management procedure at pharmacovigilance centres , including the following steps : signal delineation , literature search , preliminary inventory of data , collection of additional information , consultation with the World Health Organization Centre for International Drug Monitoring and the relevant drug companies , aggregated data assessment and a report in writing .||NONE
A better understanding of the conditions and mechanisms involved in the detection of adverse drug effects may further improve strategies for pharmacovigilance .||NONE
 OBJECTIVE : To study the safety and efficacy of <TREAT> methylphenidate </TREAT> in children with the dual diagnosis of <DIS> epilepsy </DIS> and <DIS> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
STUDY DESIGN : Thirty children , aged 6.4 to 16.4 years , with <DISONLY> epilepsy </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> ADHD </DISONLY> were studied during a 4-month period .||DISONLY
During the initial 2 months of the study , the children were treated with <TREATONLY> antiepileptic drugs ( AEDs ) </TREATONLY> only , and for the remaining 2 months , <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> was added at a morning dose of 0.3 mg/kg .||TREATONLY
They underwent neurologic assessment , brain computed tomography , IQ testing , and assessment with the Childhood Behavior Checklist at baseline before <TREATONLY> methylphenidate therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Electroencephalography , AED determinations , and the continuous-performance task ( CPT ) test were done at baseline and after 2 months of methylphenidate therapy .||NONE
A double-blind , crossover design was used to compare the effects of <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> versus placebo on an electroencephalogram , AED levels , and the CPT .||TREATONLY
On the 2 days of testing , the child received <TREATONLY> AEDs </TREATONLY> and a capsule containing either placebo or <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
RESULTS : None of the 25 children of this sample who were seizure free had attacks while taking methylphenidate .||NONE
Of the 5 children with <DISONLY> seizures </DISONLY> , 3 had an increase in attacks , whereas the other 2 showed no change or a reduction .||DISONLY
There were no significant changes in AED levels or electroencephalographic findings .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Methylphenidate </TREATONLY> benefited 70 % of children according to parental report ; <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> also enhanced performance on the CPT .||TREATONLY
Side effects of <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> were mild and transient .||TREATONLY
CONCLUSION : <TREAT> Methylphenidate </TREAT> is effective in treating children with <DIS> epilepsy </DIS> and <DIS> ADHD </DIS> and safe in children who are seizure free .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Caution is warranted for those still having seizures while receiving AED therapy .||NONE
 The temporal properties of semantic and phonological processes in speech production were investigated in a new experimental paradigm using movement-related brain potentials .||NONE
The main experimental task was picture naming .||NONE
In addition , a 2-choice reaction go/no-go procedure was included , involving a semantic and a phonological categorization of the picture name .||NONE
Lateralized readiness potentials ( LRPs ) were derived to test whether semantic and phonological information activated motor processes at separate moments in time .||NONE
An LRP was only observed on no-go trials when the semantic ( not the phonological ) decision determined the response hand .||NONE
Varying the position of the critical phoneme in the picture name did not affect the onset of the LRP but rather influenced when the LRP began to differ on go and no-go trials and allowed the duration of phonological encoding of a word to be estimated .||NONE
These results provide electrophysiological evidence for early semantic activation and later phonological encoding .||NONE
 The effects of alanine and glycine substitution for tryptophan upon the species heterogeneity of gramicidin A analogs incorporated into SDS micelles have been investigated .||NONE
The sequential replacement of the four tryptophan residues in gramicidin A at positions 15 , 13 , 11 , and 9 with glycine showed that there was no detectable effect at position 15 but increasing heterogeneity of species in the micelles proceeding toward the interior of the micelle at position 9 .||NONE
The replacement of tryptophan at positions 15 and 9 with alanine was found to produce more species heterogeneity than found with glycine substitution at the same positions .||NONE
An increase in the SDS concentration reduces the number of different species present in micelles .||NONE
With the Gly-11 , Gly-13 , and Gly-15 analogs , the increase in SDS concentration results in the formation of a single species ; however , for the Gly-9 , Ala-9 , and Ala-15 analogs , heterogeneity remains .||NONE
 Molecular dynamics in torsion-angle space was applied to nuclear magnetic resonance structure calculation using nuclear Overhauser effect-derived distances and J-coupling-constant-derived dihedral angle restraints .||NONE
Compared to two other commonly used algorithms , molecular dynamics in Cartesian space and metric-matrix geometry combined with Cartesian molecular dynamics , the method shows increased computational efficiency and success rate for large proteins , and it shows a dramatically increased radius of convergence for DNA .||NONE
The torsion-angle molecular dynamics algorithm starts from an extended strand conformation and proceeds in four stages : high-temperature torsion-angle molecular dynamics , slow-cooling torsion-angle molecular dynamics , Cartesian molecular dynamics , and minimization .||NONE
Tests were carried out using experimental NMR data for protein G , interleukin-8 , villin 14T , and a 12 base-pair duplex of DNA , and simulated NMR data for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor .||NONE
For villin 14T , a monomer consisting of 126 residues , structure determination by torsion-angle molecular dynamics has a success rate of 85 % , a more than twofold improvement over other methods .||NONE
In the case of the 12 base-pair DNA duplex , torsion-angle molecular dynamics had a success rate of 52 % while Cartesian molecular dynamics and metric-matrix distance geometry always failed .||NONE
 The wavelet-transform method is used to quantify the magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( MRS ) parameters : chemical shift , apparent relaxation time T2 , resonance amplitude , and phase .||NONE
Wavelet transformation is a time-frequency representation which separates each component from the FID , then successively quantifies it and subtracts it from the raw signal .||NONE
Two iterative procedures have been developed .||NONE
They have been combined with a nonlinear regression analysis method and tested on both simulated and real sets of biomedical MRS data selected with respect to the main problems usually encountered in quantifying biomedical MRS , specifically `` chemical noise , '' resulting from overlapping resonances , and baseline distortion .||NONE
The results indicate that the wavelet-transform method can provide efficient and accurate quantification of MRS data .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <TREAT> Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and systematic anticoagulation with warfarin </TREAT> reduce <DIS> cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction </DIS> when given alone .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In the Coumadin Aspirin Reinfarction Study ( CARS ) , we aimed to find out whether a combination of low-dose <TREATONLY> warfarin </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> low-dose aspirin </TREATONLY> would give superior results to standard <TREATONLY> aspirin monotherapy </TREATONLY> without excessive bleeding risk .||TREATONLY
METHODS : We used a randomised double-blind study design .||NONE
At 293 sites , we randomly assigned 8803 patients who had had <DIS> myocardial infarction </DIS> , treatment with <TREAT> 160 mg aspirin </TREAT> , <TREAT> 3 mg warfarin with 80 mg aspirin </TREAT> , or <TREAT> 1 mg warfarin with 80 mg aspirin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patients took a single tablet daily , and attended for prothrombin time ( PT ) measurements at weeks 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , and 12 , and then every 3 months .||NONE
Patients were followed up for a maximum of 33 months ( median 14 months ) .||NONE
FINDINGS : The primary event was first occurrence of reinfarction , non-fatal <DISONLY> ischaemic stroke </DISONLY> , or cardiovascular death .||DISONLY
1-year life-table estimates for the primary event were 8.6 % ( 95 % CI 7.6-9.6 ) for 160 mg <TREATONLY> aspirin </TREATONLY> , 8.4 % ( 7.4-9.4 ) for 3 mg <TREATONLY> warfarin </TREATONLY> with 80 mg <TREATONLY> aspirin </TREATONLY> , and 8.8 % ( 7.6-10 ) for 1 mg <TREATONLY> warfarin </TREATONLY> with 80 mg <TREATONLY> aspirin </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Primary comparisons were done with all follow-up data .||NONE
The relative risk of the primary event for the 160 mg aspirin group compared with the 3 mg warfarin with 80 mg aspirin group was 0.95 ( 0.81-1.12 , p = 0.57 ) .||NONE
For spontaneous major haemorrhage ( not procedure related ) , 1-year life-table estimates were 0.74 % ( 0.43-1.1 ) in the 160 mg aspirin group and 1.4 % ( 0.94-1.8 ) in the 3 mg warfarin with 80 mg aspirin group ( p = 0.014 log rank on follow-up ) .||NONE
For the 3382 patients assigned 3 mg <TREATONLY> warfarin </TREATONLY> with 80 mg <TREATONLY> aspirin </TREATONLY> , the INR results were : at week 1 ( n = 2985 ) median 1.51 ( IQR 1.23-2.13 ) ; at week 4 ( n = 2701 ) 1.27 ( 1.13-1.64 ) ; at month 6 ( n = 2145 ) 1.19 ( 1.08-1.44 ) .||TREATONLY
INTERPRETATION : Low , fixed-dose <TREAT> warfarin ( 1 mg or 3 mg ) combined with low-dose aspirin ( 80 mg ) </TREAT> in patients who have had <DIS> myocardial infarction </DIS> does not provide clinical benefit beyond that achievable with 160 mg <TREAT> aspirin monotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : There is serological evidence for an association between <DISONLY> Chlamydia pneumoniae </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> coronary heart disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
We investigated the hypothesis that <TREAT_PREV> an antichlamydial macrolide antibiotic , roxithromycin </TREAT_PREV> , can prevent or reduce recurrent major ischaemic events in patients with <DIS_PREV> unstable angina </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
METHODS : The effect of <TREAT> roxithromycin </TREAT> was assessed in a double-blind , randomised , prospective , multicentre , parallel-group , placebo-controlled pilot study of 202 patients with <DIS> unstable angina </DIS> or <DIS> non-Q-wave myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patients were randomly assigned either <TREATONLY> roxithromycin </TREATONLY> 150 mg orally twice a day ( n = 102 ) or placebo orally twice a day ( n = 100 ) .||TREATONLY
The treatment was for 30 days .||NONE
Patients were followed up for 6 months .||NONE
We report the primary clinical endpoints ( <DISONLY> cardiac ischaemic death </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> myocardial infarction </DISONLY> , and severe recurrent <DISONLY> ischaemia </DISONLY> ) , assessed at day 31 , in 202 patients on an intention-to-treat basis .||DISONLY
FINDINGS : A statistically significant reduction in the primary composite triple endpoint rates was observed in the roxithromycin group : p = 0.032 .||NONE
The rate of severe recurrent ischaemia , myocardial infarction , and ischaemic death was 5.4 % , 2.2 % , and 2.2 % in the placebo group and 1.1 % , 0 % , and 0 % , in the roxithromycin group , respectively .||NONE
No major drug-related adverse effects were observed .||NONE
INTERPRETATION : <TREAT> Antichlamydial antibiotics </TREAT> may be useful in therapeutic intervention in addition to standard medication in patients with <DIS> coronary-artery disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Large-scale trials are needed to confirm these preliminary observations .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <DIS> Stage Ib and IIa cervical carcinoma </DIS> can be cured by <TREAT> radical surgery </TREAT> or <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These two procedures are equally effective , but differ in associated morbidity and type of complications .||NONE
In this prospective randomised trial of <TREATONLY> radiotherapy </TREATONLY> versus <TREATONLY> surgery </TREATONLY> , our aim was to assess the 5-year survival and the rate and pattern of complications and recurrences associated with each treatment .||TREATONLY
METHODS : Between September , 1986 , and December , 1991 , 469 women with newly diagnosed stage Ib and IIa <TREATONLY> cervical carcinoma </TREATONLY> were referred to our institute .||TREATONLY
343 eligible patients were randomised : 172 to <TREATONLY> surgery </TREATONLY> and 171 to radical <TREATONLY> radiotherapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered after surgery for women with surgical stage pT2b or greater , less than 3 mm of safe cervical stroma , cut-through , or positive nodes .||NONE
The primary outcome measures were 5-year survival and the rate of complications .||NONE
The analysis of survival and recurrence was by intention to treat and analysis of complications was by treatment delivered .||NONE
FINDINGS : 170 patients in the surgery group and 167 in the radiotherapy group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis ; scheduled treatment was delivered to 169 and 158 women , respectively , 62 of 114 women with cervical diameters of 4 cm or smaller and 46 of 55 with diameters larger than 4 cm received adjuvant therapy .||NONE
After a median follow-up of 87 ( range 57-120 ) months , 5-year overall and disease-free survival were identical in the surgery and radiotherapy groups ( 83 % and 74 % , respectively , for both groups ) , 86 women developed recurrent disease : 42 ( 25 % ) in the surgery group and 44 ( 26 % ) in the radiotherapy group .||NONE
Significant factors for survival in univariate and multivariate analyses were : cervical diameter , positive lymphangiography , and adeno-carcinomatous histotype .||NONE
48 ( 28 % ) surgery-group patients had severe morbidity compared with 19 ( 12 % ) radiotherapy-group patients ( p = 0.0004 ) .||NONE
INTERPRETATION : There is no treatment of choice for early-stage <DISONLY> cervical carcinoma </DISONLY> in terms of overall or disease-free survival .||DISONLY
The combination of <DISONLY> surgery </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> radiotherapy </DISONLY> has the worst morbidity , especially urological complications .||DISONLY
The optimum therapy for each patient should take account of clinical factors such as menopausal status , age , medical illness , histological type , and cervical diameter to yield the best cure with minimum complications .||NONE
 Today 's technology links health care providers and patients across town , in the next state or even another country .||NONE
Nursing across state lines poses complications : state-bound regulatory and licensure issues .||NONE
 This article discusses many of the nutritional topics important to the intensivist .||NONE
Nutritional assessment , substrate immunonutrition , and disease specific issues are presented .||NONE
Early introduction of enteral feeds and the use of nutritional modulation are emphasized .||NONE
 PROBLEM : To compare the expression by T-lymphocytes of an immunomodulatory protein known as progesterone-induced blocking factor ( PIBF ) in conception versus non-conception cycles even when there has been definite fertilization and embryo formation .||NONE
METHOD : PIBF expression on T lymphocytes was measured using an immunohistochemical method with a PIBF-specific polyclonal antibody .||NONE
These levels were determined in patients undergoing three types of therapy : non-in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) , IVF-embryo transfer ( ET ) , and frozen ET .||NONE
Sera were drawn 12 days from ovulation in non-IVF cycles or 9 days after ET and were assayed for PIBF and beta human chorionic gondotropin .||NONE
Comparison of the frequency of lymphocyte expression of PIBF in pregnant versus non-pregnant women were made .||NONE
RESULTS : PIBF was detected in 29.5 % of non-pregnant women and 52.5 % of pregnant women .||NONE
There were no differences in PIBF levels by therapy used in non-pregnant cases or in the pregnant group .||NONE
CONCLUSION : These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal expression of PIBF in T-lymphocytes soon after trophoblast invasion may depend on successful implantation .||NONE
 Many amino acids contain an asymmetric centre , occurring as laevorotatory , L , or dextrorotatory , D , compounds .||NONE
It is generally assumed that abiotic synthesis of amino acids on the early Earth resulted in racemic mixtures ( L- and D-enantiomers in equal abundance ) .||NONE
But the origin of life required , owing to conformational constraints , the almost exclusive selection of either L- or D-enantiomers , and the question of why living systems on the Earth consist of L-enantiomers rather than D-enantiomers is unresolved .||NONE
A substantial fraction of the organic compounds on the early Earth may have been derived from comet and meteorite impacts .||NONE
It has been reported previously that amino acids in the Murchison meteorite exhibit an excess of L-enantiomers , raising the possibility that a similar excess was present in the initial inventory of organic compounds on the Earth .||NONE
The stable carbon isotope compositions of individual amino acids in Murchison support an extraterrestrial origin -- rather than a terrestrial overprint of biological amino acids-although reservations have persisted .||NONE
Here we show that individual amino-acid enantiomers from Murchison are enriched in 15N relative to their terrestrial counterparts , so confirming an extraterrestrial source for an L-enantiomer excess in the Solar System that may predate the origin of life on the Earth .||NONE
 Home care workers face an increasing risk for workplace violence .||NONE
A proactive preventive approach is presented that suggests strategies to use during the previsit phase , the visit experience , and on an ongoing basis .||NONE
 The miracidia of Fasciola hepatica and Trichobilharzia ocellata approach their host snails Lymnaea truncatula and L. stagnalis by increasing their rate of change of direction ( RCD ) in increasing gradients of snail-conditioned water ( SCW ) , and they perform a turnback swimming in decreasing gradients .||NONE
Both hostfinding responses in both species were induced by glycoconjugates with a molecular weight of > 30 kDa that were sensitive to hydrolysis with pronase E and oxidation with NaIO4 .||NONE
Alkaline cleavage revealed that they contained carbohydrates linked O-glycosidically via serine and N-acetylgalactosamine .||NONE
Miracidia clearly preferred SCW from their specific host snail versus other sympatric snail species and did not respond to water conditioned with fish , tadpoles , or leeches .||NONE
Differences in the chemical characteristics of SCW from the intermediate hosts L. truncatula and L. stagnalis could be shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , blotting , and subsequent carbohydrate detection .||NONE
The first step of purification of the effective signaling SCW components from both snail species was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography .||NONE
 Black patients with <DISONLY> colon cancer </DISONLY> in the Black/White Cancer Survival Study were found to have a poorer survival than white patients .||DISONLY
More advanced-stage disease at diagnosis was the primary determinant , accounting for 60 % of the excess mortality .||NONE
After adjusting for stage , factors such as poverty , other socioeconomic conditions , and treatment did not further explain the remaining survival deficit .||NONE
This study examined the aggressiveness of <DISONLY> colon tumors </DISONLY> in blacks and whites to explore its role in the racial survival differences .||DISONLY
Tumor characteristics of 703 cases of newly diagnosed invasive colon <DISONLY> adenocarcinoma </DISONLY> were centrally evaluated by a gastrointestinal pathologist , blinded in regard to the age , race , and sex of the patients .||DISONLY
Blacks were less likely to have poorly differentiated ( grade 3 ) <DISONLY> tumors </DISONLY> ( odds ratio ( OR ) , 0.44 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.22-0.88 ) and lymphoid reaction ( OR , 0.49 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.26-0.90 ) when compared with whites .||DISONLY
These black/white ( B/W ) differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age , sex , metropolitan area , summary stage , socioeconomic status , body mass index , and health care access and utilization .||NONE
In addition , blacks were less likely to have high-grade ( grade 3 ) <DISONLY> nuclear atypia </DISONLY> , mitotic activity , and tubule formation , although these ORs did not reach a statistical significance level of 0.05 .||DISONLY
Similar B/W differences were observed for patients with advanced disease but not with early stage .||NONE
Comparison by anatomical subsite showed that blacks had statistically significantly better differentiated <DISONLY> tumors </DISONLY> for <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> of the proximal and transverse colon but not for the distal .||DISONLY
No racial differences were found for blood vessel and <DISONLY> lymphatic invasion </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> necrosis </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> fibrosis </DISONLY> , and mucinous type of histology .||DISONLY
The findings , therefore , are the opposite of those hypothesized .||NONE
After adjusting for stage , more aggressive tumor characteristics do not explain the adverse survival differential in blacks .||NONE
This suggests that there may be racial differences in environmental exposure , and that the intensity and mode of delivery of carcinogen insult as well as host susceptibility may differ by race and anatomical subsite .||NONE
Future studies should explore the B/W differences in tumor biology using molecular markers that precede the conventional histological parameters evaluated here .||NONE
 A new method is described for detection of mutations in the lysosomal alpha-glucosidase gene ( GAA ) leading to <DISONLY> Glycogen Storage Disease type II ( GSDII ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A key feature of the method is isolation and reverse transcription of mRNA followed by PCR amplification of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase cDNA with M13-extended primers .||NONE
Dye labeled primers are used for cycle sequencing and an ABI PRISM 377 DNA sequencing system for analysis .||NONE
The method is rapid and complementary to the automated sequencing of all the 19 , PCR amplified , coding exons of the GAA gene .||NONE
The advantages and pitfalls of this new method are discussed in the light of the results obtained with an infantile GSDII patient .||NONE
A new splice site mutation in the GAA gene of this patient was identified , IVS16 ( +2T -- > C ) , resulting in the deletion of 16 base pairs of exon 16 .||NONE
 The presence of clinical <DISONLY> autonomic dysfunction </DISONLY> in patients with <DISONLY> neurologic diseases </DISONLY> , such as <DISONLY> multiple sclerosis </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> Parkinson 's disease </DISONLY> , and cerebrovascular accident , has become increasingly recognized in the past decade .||DISONLY
Very few autonomic tests have been done on pediatric patients thus far .||NONE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the autonomic function in patients with <DISONLY> cerebral palsy </DISONLY> using two noninvasive tests : sympathetic skin response ( SSR ) and R-R interval variation ( RRIV ) .||DISONLY
Twenty-four patients with <DISONLY> cerebral palsy </DISONLY> and 24 control subjects between the ages of 4 and 12 yr were enrolled in this study .||DISONLY
There was no significant difference of mean latency , amplitude , or amplitude ratio of SSR between the two groups under electric stimulus , startling stimulus , and deep breathing conditions .||NONE
No significant difference in frequency of absent response and asymmetric response was also noted .||NONE
Mean heart rate under relaxed sitting condition was significantly higher in the study group .||NONE
Significant negative correlation between heart rate and age was noted in the control group but was not present in the study group .||NONE
Also , there was no statistical difference of mean RRIV between the two groups .||NONE
No objective evidence of autonomic disturbance in patients with <DISONLY> cerebral palsy </DISONLY> was found in this study .||DISONLY
 A two-credits per semester clinical medicine course was established in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ( PM & # 38 ; R ) in cooperation with the Johns Hopkins University undergraduate Human Biology faculty to present the variety of inpatient consultation personnel , units , patient diagnostic groups , and functional problems .||NONE
College students spend 4 hr weekly on the PM & # 38 ; R consultation service as team members under resident supervision .||NONE
The curriculum emphasizes student understanding of the roles of rehabilitation team members .||NONE
Objectives include demonstration of working knowledge of the Biopsychosocial Model , the World Health Organization Model of disablement and interdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention .||NONE
The course includes simulations of physical impairments , demonstrations of adaptive equipment , interactive chart reviews , readings , and audio lectures .||NONE
A retrospective sequential review was made of the last 100 physical medicine and rehabilitation consultations with student attendance .||NONE
The results confirm student exposure to many ward settings ( surgery , 30 % ; neurology/neurosurgery , 28 % ; medicine , 24 % ; intensive care , 15 % ; oncology , 2 % ; and psychiatry , 1 % ) , patient complexity ( averaging 10 problems ) , and multiple ICD-9 diagnosis categories ( circulatory , 36 % ; neurologic , 22 % ; musculoskeletal , 17 % ; neoplasms , 10 % ; injury , 5 % ; endocrine , 4 % ; infections , 3 % ; and others , 3 % ) .||NONE
The rehabilitation consultation service is particularly effective as an introduction to hospital-based medical practice due to the diagnostic variety of the patients , the functional approach of rehabilitation , and student exposure to multiple hospital settings .||NONE
The Biopsychosocial Model of medical practice is demonstrated through multiple interdisciplinary perspectives of needs and interventions for patients with obvious functional deficits .||NONE
This process develops a rudimentary understanding of the effect of illness on the person and the variety of medically effective therapeutic modalities .||NONE
 This study is designed to investigate the immediate effectiveness of <TREAT> electrotherapy </TREAT> on <DIS> myofascial trigger points of upper trapezius muscle </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Sixty patients ( 25 males and 35 females ) who had <DISONLY> myofascial trigger points </DISONLY> in one side of the upper trapezius muscles were studied .||DISONLY
The involved upper trapezius muscles were treated with three different methods according to a random assignment : group A muscles ( n = 18 ) were given placebo treatment ( control group ) ; group B muscles ( n = 20 ) were treated with <TREATONLY> electrical nerve stimulation ( ENS ) therapy </TREATONLY> ; and group C muscles ( n = 22 ) were given <TREATONLY> electrical muscle stimulation ( EMS ) therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by conducting three measurements on each muscle before and immediately after treatment : subjective pain intensity ( ( PI ) with a visual analog scale ) , pressure pain threshold ( ( PT ) with algometry ) , and range of motion ( ( ROM ) with a goniometer ) of upper trapezius muscle ( lateral bending of cervical spine to the opposite side ) .||NONE
When the effectiveness of treatment was compared with that of the placebo group ( group A ) , there was significant improvement in PI and PT in group B ( P & # 60 ; 0.01 ) but not in group C ( P > 0.05 ) .||NONE
The improvement of ROM was significantly more in group C ( P & # 60 ; 0.01 ) as compared with that in group A or group B .||NONE
When each group was divided into two additional subgroups based on the initial PI , it was found that ENS could reduce PI and increase PT significantly ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) , but did not significantly ( P > 0.05 ) improve ROM , as compared with the placebo group for both subgroups .||NONE
EMS could significantly ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) improve ROM , but not PT , better than the placebo groups , for either subgroup .||NONE
It could reduce PI significantly more ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) than placebo controls only for the subgroup with mild to moderate pain , but not with severe pain .||NONE
For pain relief , ENS was significantly better ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) than EMS ; but for the improvement of ROM , EMS was significantly better ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) than ENS .||NONE
It is concluded that <TREAT> ENS </TREAT> is more effective for immediate relief of <DIS> myofascial trigger point pain </DIS> than <TREAT> EMS </TREAT> , and <TREAT> EMS </TREAT> has a better effect on immediate release of <DIS> muscle tightness </DIS> than <TREAT> ENS </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Because activity and regular exercise are important factors to maintain general good health in senior citizens , we investigated whether senior dancing has any effect on peripheral or lumbar bone density .||NONE
We performed a prospective study over a12-mo period on bone density at a spinal and peripheral measuring site in 28 female senior members ( mean age : 67 +/- 2 yr ) of a dancing group in Vienna .||NONE
Lumbar bone mineral density was assessed by quantitative computed tomography ( qCT ) and radial bone density by single photon absorptiometry of the distal forearm .||NONE
The mean training time per week was 3.2 +/- 0.8 h. In the entire group of female dancers , no significant effects of dancing on radial or lumbar bone density could be observed .||NONE
Linear regression analysis showed that the lower the qCT at the beginning of the observation period , the higher was the percentage increase of spinal qCT in the entire group during 12 mo of dancing ( r = 0.52 , P & # 60 ; 0.0001 ) .||NONE
For additional evaluation , females were divided into two subgroups , osteoporotic or nonosteoporotic , based on x-rays and lumbar bone mineral density ( BMD ) as measured by qCT .||NONE
The group classified as dancers with osteoporosis ( group I ) showed a significant increase in lumbar bone density , whereas in the group of dancers without signs of <DISONLY> osteoporosis </DISONLY> ( group II ) , BMD remained unchanged .||DISONLY
Additionally , radial bone density did not show any changes in either group .||NONE
Group I showed a significant correlation between basal spinal BMD and the percentage change of BMD during the observation period ( r = 0.7 , P & # 60 ; 0.001 ) .||NONE
Changes of the biochemical parameters were observed in the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase , a marker of osteoblastic activity , in group I giving additional evidence of increased bone formation .||NONE
 OBJECTIVES : To estimate the prevalence of <DISONLY> Chlamydia trachomatis </DISONLY> in asymptomatic women attending general practice : to assess the potential of the ligase chain reaction as a screening tool ; and to evaluate selective screening criteria .||DISONLY
DESIGN : Cross sectional survey .||NONE
SETTING : Four general practices in northeast London .||NONE
SUBJECTS : 890 women aged 18-35 years attending general practice for a cervical smear or a `` young well woman '' check between October 1994 and January 1996 .||NONE
The women were tested for <DISONLY> C trachomatis </DISONLY> with confirmed enzyme immunoassay ( endocervical specimens ) and ligase chain reaction assay on urine specimens .||DISONLY
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Prevalence of <DISONLY> C trachomatis infection </DISONLY> in women aged 18-35 on the basis of each test ; sensitivity and specificity of both tests in this population .||DISONLY
RESULTS : Prevalence of confirmed infection was 2.6 % ( 95 % confidence interval 1.6 % to 3.6 % ) in all women .||NONE
Prevalence on the basis of enzyme immunoassay was 1.6 % ( 0.8 % to 2.7 % ) , with a sensitivity of 60 % and a specificity of 100 % .||NONE
Prevalence on the basis of ligase chain reaction was 2.5 % ( 1.5 % to 3.9 % ) , with 90 % sensitivity and 99.8 % specificity .||NONE
Screening all women aged & # 60 ; or = 25 and all women who had had two or more partners in the past year would have detected 87 % ( 20/23 ) of infections .||NONE
CONCLUSION : Ligase chain reaction on urine samples performs at least as well as enzyme immunoassay on cervical specimens in this low prevalence population .||NONE
It offers potential as a non-invasive screening tool .||NONE
A simple selective screening strategy might be appropriate and would be able to detect most cases of <DISONLY> infection </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
However , a rigorous economic evaluation of possible screening strategies is needed first .||NONE
 Recently , many advances have been made in the study of sexual differentiation , including the discoveries of the gene for antimÃ1/4llerian hormone as well as the gene for its receptor .||NONE
However , the etiology of the clinical syndrome of mÃ1/4llerian agenesis remains elusive .||NONE
We hypothesize that activating mutations of either the antimÃ1/4llerian hormone gene or its receptor gene may cause mÃ1/4llerian duct regression in a genetic female during embryogenesis .||NONE
This clinical commentary discusses the current management of the syndrome including the <TREATONLY> Abbe-McIndoe procedure </TREATONLY> , the most commonly used method of <TREATONLY> surgical correction </TREATONLY> , and the <TREATONLY> Frank vaginal dilation method </TREATONLY> , the most common nonsurgical method of correction .||TREATONLY
 OBJECTIVES : <DIS> Obesity </DIS> is an important clinical problem , and the use of <TREAT> dexfenfluramine hydrochloride </TREAT> for weight reduction has been widely publicized since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
However , animal and human studies have demonstrated toxic effects of <TREATONLY> fenfluramines </TREATONLY> that clinicians should be aware of when considering prescribing the drugs .||TREATONLY
Our purpose was to systematically review data on brain serotonin neurotoxicity in animals treated with <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramines </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> and the evidence linking <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramines </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> to <DIS_SIDE_EFF> primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
DATA SOURCES : Archival articles and reviews identified through a computerized search of MEDLINE from 1966 to April 1997 using `` fenfluramine ( s ) , '' `` serotonin , '' `` neurotoxicity , '' `` behavior , '' `` anorexigens , '' `` weight loss , '' and `` primary pulmonary hypertension '' as index terms .||NONE
STUDY SELECTION : Reports dealing with long-term effects of <TREATONLY> fenfluramines </TREATONLY> on brain serotonin neurons , body weight , and pulmonary function in animals and humans .||TREATONLY
DATA EXTRACTION : Reports were reviewed by individuals with expertise in serotonin neurobiology , neurotoxicity , neuropsychiatry , and pulmonary medicine and evaluated for appropriateness for inclusion in this review .||NONE
DATA SYNTHESIS : <TREATONLY> Fenfluramines </TREATONLY> cause dose-related , long-lasting reductions in serotonin axonal markers in all the animal species tested and with all the routes of drug administration used .||TREATONLY
Doses of fenfluramines that produce signs of brain serotonin neurotoxicity in animals are on the same order as those used to treat humans for weight loss when one takes into account known relations between body mass and drug clearance .||NONE
However , no human studies have been conducted , and the pathological and clinical potential for neurotoxicity in humans is unknown .||NONE
Appetite suppressants-most commonly <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramines </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> -increase the risk of developing <DIS_SIDE_EFF> PPH </DIS_SIDE_EFF> ( odds ratio , 6.3 ) , particularly when used for more than 3 months ( odds ratio , > 20 ) .||SIDE_EFF
CONCLUSIONS : <TREATONLY> Fenfluramine </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> dexfenfluramine </TREATONLY> have been demonstrated to damage brain serotonin neurons in animal studies .||TREATONLY
It is not known if such damage occurs in humans or if there are clinical consequences .||NONE
Use of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramines </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> is associated with an increased risk of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> PPH </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
Future studies should address the long-term consequences of prolonged use of <TREATONLY> fenfluramines </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <TREATONLY> Moxonidine ( Physiotens-Solvay ) </TREATONLY> was introduced last year as the first of a new class of centrally-acting <TREATONLY> antihypertensive agents </TREATONLY> , the selective imidazoline receptor agonists .||TREATONLY
The manufacturer claims that <TREAT> moxonidine </TREAT> `` accurately targets imidazoline receptors at the cardiovascular control centre in the brainstem '' and is `` as effective as current first-line therapies for <DIS> essential hypertension </DIS> `` .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Other claims suggest that it causes fewer unwanted effects than older centrally-acting <TREATONLY> antihypertensive drugs </TREATONLY> such as <TREATONLY> clonidine </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> methyldopa </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Is <TREATONLY> moxonidine </TREATONLY> a useful addition to the growing number of antihypertensives on the market ? ||TREATONLY
 This article discusses dental anxiety and phobia .||NONE
The author presents background information , including incidence and etiology .||NONE
A discussion of evaluative techniques for assessing anxiety levels follows .||NONE
Examination and treatment planning are considered in relation to this patient 's special needs .||NONE
The article stresses behavioral treatment modalities that eliminate the debilitating phobia .||NONE
In closing , the author presents practical information regarding prevention of dental phobia and the merits of incorporating this type of patient into a dental practice .||NONE
 In order to evaluate the applicability of <TREAT> anthelminthic treatment </TREAT> of wild foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) to limit their <DIS> infection with Echinococcus multilocularis </DIS> , bait pellets , each containing 50 mg <TREAT> praziquantel </TREAT> , were repeatedly distributed in an area of 566 km2 where many foxes are infected , in southern Germany .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
After six baiting campaigns ( 15-20 baits/km2 ) over a period of 14 months , the prevalence of the cestode in foxes , initially 32 % , had fallen to 4 % .||NONE
The effect was most pronounced in the central part of the treated area , where no positive fox was found in the 2 months before the end of the trial .||NONE
The study was controlled for other factors that could influence the parasite 's prevalence , such as the availability of intermediate hosts .||NONE
While the potential of this baiting method to remove E .||NONE
multilocularis from wild hosts has been demonstrated , the question of its long-term efficacy and other unresolved problems have to be addressed by consecutive studies before routine application can be recommended .||NONE
 In patients with <DISONLY> chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) </DISONLY> , the neoplastic ( BCR-ABL+ ) progenitor cells are characterized by an increased proliferative activity .||DISONLY
Whether these cells are also resistant to apoptosis and if so , under what conditions remains controversial .||NONE
We now show that highly purified populations of very primitive neoplastic progenitor cells obtained directly from CML patients survive and proliferate in vitro for several weeks in the absence of any added growth factors ( except insulin ) .||NONE
In contrast , purified primary normal progenitors maintained under the same conditions die rapidly .||NONE
Nevertheless , both primary CML cells and BCR-ABL+ BAF3 cells show the same dose-dependent sensitivity to TNF-alpha or ceramide-induced apoptosis as their respective normal counterparts .||NONE
In fact , time course studies demonstrated an even faster onset of apoptosis in ceramide-treated BCR-ABL+ BAF3 cells as compared to normal controls .||NONE
BCR-ABL+ cells treated with ceramide also showed a rapid and sequential increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p210 ( BCR-ABL ) , p46-56SHC and p120Cbl .||NONE
These findings suggest growth factor deprivation and treatment with TNF-alpha or ceramide trigger different initial events both of which can lead to apoptosis in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells .||NONE
However , in the first case , activation of apoptosis is blocked by the basal activity of p210 ( BCR-ABL ) , whereas in the second , the presence of p210 ( BCR-ABL ) appears to accelerate the onset of apoptosis by a mechanism that may involve an activation of its kinase function .||NONE
 Clinically , the hallmark of the <DISONLY> human amnesic syndrome </DISONLY> is an impaired ability to consciously recollect or remember daily events .||DISONLY
If the medial region of the temporal lobes , including the hippocampus and related structures , is critical for establishing these new memories , then this brain region should be active whenever events are experienced , regardless of whether subjects are asked explicitly to learn and remember .||NONE
Here we show that the medial temporal region is active during encoding and that the hemisphere activated and the amount of activation depend on the type of stimulus presented ( objects or words ) , whether the stimulus can be encoded for meaning ( real objects and words versus nonsense objects and words ) , and task experience ( first versus the second time a task is performed ) .||NONE
These findings demonstrate that the medial temporal lobe memory system is engaged automatically when we attend to a perceptual event and that the location and amount of activation depend on stimulus characteristics ( physical form , meaning ) and experience .||NONE
 The involvement of structures in the medial temporal lobe during the encoding of visual associations was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging .||NONE
In 11 out of 12 normal healthy volunteers this task resulted in activation in posterior portions of the parahippocampal region , close to the collateral sulcus .||NONE
In seven subjects activation was encountered in the hippocampal formation .||NONE
The visual association task as adapted for this study may provide a sensitive measure to study anterograde amnesia prevalent in Alzheimer 's disease .||NONE
Therefore , the present paradigm enables the study of individual changes in learning and memory capacities over time .||NONE
 Altered calcium ( Ca2+ ) homeostasis is thought to play a key role in aging and neuropathology resulting in memory deficits .||NONE
Several forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity are dependent on Ca2+ , providing a potential link between altered Ca2+ homeostasis and memory deficits associated with aging .||NONE
The current study reviews evidence for Ca2+ dysregulation during aging which could interact with Ca ( 2+ ) -dependent synaptic plasticity .||NONE
The authors suggest that changes in Ca2+ regulation could adjust the thresholds for synaptic modification , favoring processes for depression of synaptic strength during aging .||NONE
 Transiently evolked otoacoustic emissions ( TEOAE ) have been reported in several studies as absent in a small minority of normal ears .||NONE
Other studies have reported TEOAEs in all normal ears .||NONE
Differences between studies may arise directly from criteria for TEOAE identification , criteria for selection of normals , or statistically due to limited sample sizes .||NONE
In order to understand and model cochlear processes involved in TEOAE generation , it needs to be known whether the presence of normal hearing leads automatically to generation of TEOAEs .||NONE
The present study set out to establish in a large sample if any ears could be found that lacked TEOAEs despite normal hearing threshold levels ( HTL ) .||NONE
A total of 397 ears from highly cooperative adult subjects were examined under laboratory conditions .||NONE
Using cross correlation between replicate nonlinear waveforms as the criterion , TEOAEs were present in 99.2 % of the sample ( lower CI 98.1 % ) .||NONE
However , careful visual assessment of the recorded waveforms for the remaining ears did not unequivocally show absence of TEOAE characteristics in any ear with normal HTLs .||NONE
While TEOAE strength varies widely among ears , no clear evidence was found to show that TEOAEs can be absent when HTLs are normal .||NONE
 In addition to a long form of 591 amino acids ( aa ) , two other forms of PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , differing in the length of their cytoplasmic domains , have been identified in the rat .||NONE
The Nb2 form , lacking 198 aa in the cytoplasmic domain , is able to transmit a lactogenic signal similar to the long form , whereas the short form of 291 aa is inactive .||NONE
The ability of PRL to activate the promoter of the beta-casein gene or the lactogenic hormone responsive element fused to the luciferase reporter was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells or 293 fibroblasts transiently transfected with PRLR cDNAs .||NONE
The function of the short form was examined after cotransfection of both the long and short forms .||NONE
These results clearly show that the short form acts as a dominant negative inhibitor through the formation of inactive heterodimers , resulting in an inhibition of Janus kinase 2 ( JAK2 ) activation .||NONE
The present study also investigates the possible participation of cytoplasmic receptors in the signal transduction pathway , using cotransfection experiments and a new approach that selectively determines the contribution of cytoplasmic receptors in the process of signal transduction .||NONE
We cotransfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with two cDNA constructs : a cytoplasmic ( soluble ) form of the receptor with a deleted signal peptide ( delta-19 ) , which is unable to bind PRL , and a functionally inactive receptor mutant ( lacking box 1 ) , which is anchored in the plasma membrane and able to bind PRL .||NONE
This approach has allowed us to show that delta-19 , lacking expression at the plasma membrane , can transduce the hormonal message , at least to a limited extent ( up to 30 % of wild type efficiency ) , providing that association/activation occurs with a PRL-PRLR complex initiated at the cell surface level ; box 1 of the cytoplasmic form is necessary to rescue this partial transcriptional activity of the inactive mutant .||NONE
This partial recovery is also parallel to the partial activation of JAK2 , indicating that the signal transduction pathway implicated JAK2 .||NONE
Our results provide evidence that heterodimerization of receptors can be implicated either in the positive or in negative activation of gene transcription .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D may contribute to the high prevalence of <DISONLY> osteoporosis </DISONLY> among older persons .||DISONLY
METHODS : We studied the effects of three years of dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density , biochemical measures of bone metabolism , and the incidence of nonvertebral fractures in 176 men and 213 women 65 years of age or older who were living at home .||NONE
They received either 500 mg of calcium plus 700 IU of vitamin D3 ( cholecalciferol ) per day or placebo .||NONE
Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , blood and urine were analyzed every six months , and cases of nonvertebral fracture were ascertained by means of interviews and verified with use of hospital records .||NONE
RESULTS : The mean ( +/-SD ) changes in bone mineral density in the calcium-vitamin D and placebo groups were as follows : femoral neck , +0.50+/-4.80 and -0.70+/-5.03 percent , respectively ( P=0.02 ) ; spine , +2.12+/-4.06 and +1.22+/-4.25 percent ( P=0.04 ) ; and total body , +0.06+/-1.83 and -1.09+/-1.71 percent ( P & # 60 ; 0.001 ) .||NONE
The difference between the calcium-vitamin D and placebo groups was significant at all skeletal sites after one year , but it was significant only for total-body bone mineral density in the second and third years .||NONE
Of 37 subjects who had nonvertebral fractures , 26 were in the placebo group and 11 were in the calcium-vitamin D group ( P=0.02 ) .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : In men and women 65 years of age or older who are living in the community , <TREAT_PREV> dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D </TREAT_PREV> moderately reduced <DIS_PREV> bone loss </DIS_PREV> measured in the femoral neck , spine , and total body over the three-year study period and reduced the incidence of <DIS_PREV> nonvertebral fractures </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 The sterilization and contaminated waste disposal practices in all 14 dental clinics operated by the Southern Sydney Area Health Service were surveyed .||NONE
All of the clinics used autoclaves for sterilization .||NONE
All hand instruments , handpieces and triplex syringes were autoclaved between patients .||NONE
Chemical disinfection solutions were used in 12 of the 14 dental clinics , mainly for surface decontamination .||NONE
Five dental clinics had separate storage areas for contaminated waste which compiled with contaminated waste separation and disposal guidelines .||NONE
The practice of recapping needles with fingers and some inadequate washing facilities are areas that require particular attention .||NONE
 Safety and efficacy are crucial but separate issues for vitamin and mineral supplements .||NONE
Misinterpretation of `` safe and adequate '' to mean `` safety limit '' would impose restrictions on vitamin and mineral intakes that are not needed to ensure safety .||NONE
Substantial evidence indicates that intakes greater than the recommended dietary allowances ( RDAs ) of certain vitamins and minerals such as calcium , folic acid , vitamin E , selenium , and chromium reduce the risk of certain diseases for some people .||NONE
Limitation of intakes to the RDAs would preclude reductions in disease risk from these nutrients .||NONE
The margin of safety between the usual dietary intake and the intake that would produce adverse effects varies greatly among the different nutrients .||NONE
Very high intakes of vitamins A and D , niacin , pyridoxine , and selenium have produced adverse effects .||NONE
Many widely discussed putative adverse effects of vitamin C , vitamin E , and trivalent chromium have little factual basis .||NONE
There is no evidence of adverse effects from beta-carotene supplements except in current heavy smokers .||NONE
 The mutator hypothesis of tumorigenesis suggests that loss of chromosomal stability or maintenance functions results in elevated mutation rates , leading to the accumulation of the numerous mutations required for multistep carcinogenesis .||NONE
The human DNA mismatch repair ( MMR ) genes are highly conserved homologues of the Escherichia coli MutHLS system , which contribute to genomic stability by surveillance and repair of replication misincorporation errors and exogenous DNA damage .||NONE
Mutations in one of these MMR genes , hMSH2 , account for about half of all cases of genetically linked hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer .||NONE
Loss of function of p53 has also been proposed to increase cellular hypermutability , thereby accelerating carcinogenesis , although a clear role for p53 in genomic instability remains controversial .||NONE
p53 is mutated frequently in a wide range of human <DISONLY> cancers </DISONLY> , including <DISONLY> colonic tumours </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Both Msh2- and p53-targeted knockout mice are viable and susceptible to <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Here we demonstrate that combined Msh2 and p53 ablation ( Msh2-/-p53-/- ) results in developmental arrest of all female embryos at 9.5 days .||NONE
In contrast , male Msh2-/-p53-/- mice are viable , but succumb to <DISONLY> tumours </DISONLY> significantly earlier ( t1-2 is 73 days ) than either Msh2-/- or p53-/- littermates .||DISONLY
Furthermore , the frequency of microsatellite instability ( MSI ) in tumours from Msh2-/-p53-/- mice is not significantly different than in Msh2-/- mice .||NONE
Synergism in tumorigenesis and independent segregation of the MSI phenotype suggest that Msh2 and p53 are not genetically epistatic .||NONE
 Our data ( Reddy et al. , Radiat .||NONE
Res .||NONE
141 , 252-258 , 1995 ) on the kinetics of the repair of potentially lethal damage in log-phase Chinese hamster V79 cells are used to test some predictions which arise from the different assumptions of the repair-misrepair ( RMR ) ( C .||NONE
A .||NONE
Tobias , Radiat .||NONE
Res .||NONE
104 , S77-S95 , 1985 ) , lethal-potentially lethal ( LPL ) ( S. B .||NONE
Curtis , Radiat .||NONE
Res .||NONE
106 , 252-270 , 1986 ) and double-strand break ( DSB ) ( J .||NONE
Y .||NONE
Ostashevsky , Radiat .||NONE
Res .||NONE
118 , 437-466 , 1989 ) models .||NONE
The LPL model defines the time available for repair of PLD ( t ( rep ) ) as the time taken to reach maximal survival in a delayed-plating recovery experiment .||NONE
Those data show that after this time has elapsed , contrary to the expectation of the LPL model , survival can be increased by changing the medium used for delayed plating from fresh growth medium to conditioned medium .||NONE
According to the RMR model , all potentially lethal lesions should also be committed by that time and be unavailable for repair in the new medium .||NONE
Only the DSB model correctly predicted that PLD ( = DSBs ) would still be available for repair after that time .||NONE
Second , data for split-dose recovery are used to predict the first-order kinetics time constant for DSB repair ( tau ( DSBR ) ) using the DSB model ( 24 +/- 1.5 min ) .||NONE
This value is nearly identical to the value of 27 +/- 1 min determined from the data obtained by Cheong et al. using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ) ( Mutat .||NONE
Res .||NONE
274 , 111-122 , 1992 ) .||NONE
The value based on PFGE is used to calculate the value of t ( rep ) predicted by the DSB model ( 2.6 +/- 0.1 h ) , which agrees with the value determined experimentally as the time when changing the delayed-plating medium from growth medium to conditioned medium no longer gives the full recovery seen with delayed plating in conditioned medium ( 2.5 h ) .||NONE
However , some recovery was seen for a change in the medium ( growth medium to conditioned medium ) up to 5-6 h postirradiation .||NONE
Reanalysis of the original data on DSB repair shows that they are consistent with two first-order repair rates ( 18 +/- 7 min and about 52 min ) .||NONE
These results are consistent with two pools of DSBs ( or cells ) , each with their own t ( rep ) .||NONE
The early t ( rep ) , associated with tau ( fast ) , is predicted to be 1.7 +/- 0.7 h , and the late t ( rep ) , associated with tau ( slow ) , is predicted to be about 5 h. Both values are in excellent agreement with the times at which changing from growth medium to conditioned medium no longer gives the full recovery seen in conditioned medium only ( the early t ( rep ) ) , and the time when changing from growth medium to conditioned medium produces no further increase in survival ( the late t ( rep ) ) , respectively .||NONE
It is noted that attempts to correlate radiosensitivity with the rates of DSB repair , rather than using an explicit model such as the DSB model , are unlikely to be productive since survival depends on both tau ( DSBR ) and t ( rep ) ( as defined in the DSB model ) and the latter may be the more important determinant of radiosensitivity ( as it appears to be for ataxia telangiectasia cells compared to normal fibroblasts and for irs compared to V79 cells ) .||NONE
 CONTEXT : Adolescents ' concerns about privacy in clinical settings decrease their willingness to seek health care for sensitive problems and may inhibit their communication with physicians .||NONE
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the influence of physicians ' assurances of confidentiality on adolescents ' willingness to disclose information and seek future health care .||NONE
DESIGN : Randomized controlled trial .||NONE
SETTING : Three suburban public high schools in California .||NONE
PARTICIPANTS : The 562 participating adolescents represented 92 % of students in mandatory classes .||NONE
INTERVENTION : After random assignment to 1 of 3 groups , the adolescents listened to a standardized audiotape depiction of an office visit during which they heard a physician who assured unconditional confidentiality , a physician who assured conditional confidentiality , or a physician who did not mention confidentiality .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Adolescents ' willingness to disclose general information , willingness to disclose information about sensitive topics , intended honesty , and likelihood of return visits to the physician depicted in the scenario were assessed by anonymous written questionnaire .||NONE
RESULTS : Assurances of confidentiality increased the number of adolescents willing to disclose sensitive information about sexuality , substance use , and mental health from 39 % ( 68/175 ) to 46.5 % ( 178/383 ) ( beta=.10 , P=.02 ) and increased the number willing to seek future health care from 53 % ( 93/175 ) to 67 % ( 259/386 ) ( beta=.17 , P & # 60 ; .001 ) .||NONE
When comparing the unconditional with the conditional groups , assurances of unconditional confidentiality increased the number of adolescents willing to return for a future visit by 10 percentage points , from 62 % ( 122/196 ) to 72 % ( 137/190 ) ( beta=.14 , P=.001 ) .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : Adolescents are more willing to communicate with and seek health care from physicians who assure confidentiality .||NONE
Further investigation is needed to identify a confidentiality assurance statement that explains the legal and ethical limitations of confidentiality without decreasing adolescents ' likelihood of seeking future health care for routine and nonreportable sensitive health concerns .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : Diabetic <DISONLY> foot infections </DISONLY> cause substantial morbidity and mortality .||DISONLY
Neutrophil superoxide generation , a crucial part of neutrophil bactericidal activity , is impaired in <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) increases the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow and improves neutrophil function .||NONE
We assessed <TREAT> G-CSF </TREAT> as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of <DIS> severe foot infections in diabetic patients </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
METHODS : 40 diabetic patients with <DISONLY> foot infections </DISONLY> were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study .||DISONLY
On admission , patients were randomly assigned <TREATONLY> G-CSF ( filgrastim ) therapy </TREATONLY> ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) for 7 days .||TREATONLY
Both groups received similar <TREATONLY> antibiotic and insulin treatment </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Neutrophils from the peripheral blood of these participants and from healthy controls were stimulated with opsonised zymosan , and superoxide production was measured by a spectrophotometric assay ( reduction of ferricytochrome C ) .||NONE
<TO_SEE> FINDINGS : G-CSF therapy was associated with earlier eradication of pathogens from the infected ulcer ( median 4 ( range 2-10 ) vs 8 ( 2-79 ) days in the placebo group ; p = 0.02 ) , quicker resolution of cellulitis < ( 7 ( 5-20 ) vs 12 ( 5-93 ) days ; p = 0.03 ) , shorter hospital stay ( 10 ( 7-31 ) vs 17.5 ( 9-100 ) days ; p = 0.02 ) , and a shorter duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment ( 8.5 ( 5-30 ) vs 14.5 ( 8-63 ) days ; p = 0.02 ) .||TO_SEE
No G-CSF-treated patient needed <TREATONLY> surgery </TREATONLY> , whereas two placebo recipients underwent to <TREATONLY> amputation </TREATONLY> and two had extensive <TREATONLY> debridement </TREATONLY> under anaesthesia .||TREATONLY
After 7 days ' treatment , neutrophil superoxide production was significantly higher in the G-CSF group than in the placebo group ( 16.1 ( 4.2-24.2 ) vs 7.3 ( 2.1-11.5 ) nmol per 10 ( 6 ) neutrophils in 30 min ; p & # 60 ; 0.0001 ) .||NONE
<TREATONLY> G-CSF therapy </TREATONLY> was generally well tolerated .||TREATONLY
INTERPRETATION : <TREAT> G-CSF treatment </TREAT> was associated with improved clinical outcome of <DIS> foot infection in diabetic patients </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
This improvement may be related to an increase in neutrophil superoxide production .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <TREAT> Accelerated infusion of alteplase ( tissue plasminogen activator ) </TREAT> over a period of 90 minutes induces more rapid lysis of <DIS> coronary-artery thrombi </DIS> than a 3-hour infusion .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
With two bolus doses of <TREATONLY> alteplase </TREATONLY> , further shortening the duration of administration , complete reperfusion was achieved in more than 85 percent of the patients in initial angiographic studies .||TREATONLY
We tested the hypothesis that <TREATONLY> double-bolus alteplase </TREATONLY> is at least as effective as accelerated infusion .||TREATONLY
METHODS : In 398 hospitals , 7169 patients with <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> were randomly assigned to weight-adjusted , accelerated infusion of 100 mg of <TREAT> alteplase </TREAT> or to a bolus of 50 mg of <TREAT> alteplase </TREAT> over a period of 1 to 3 minutes followed 30 minutes later by a second bolus of 50 mg ( or 40 mg for patients who weighed less than 60 kg ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The primary end point was death from any cause at 30 days .||NONE
The trial was stopped prematurely because of concern about the safety of the <TREATONLY> double-bolus injection </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
RESULTS : Thirty-day mortality was higher in the double-bolus group than in the accelerated-infusion group : 7.98 percent as compared with 7.53 percent .||NONE
The absolute difference was 0.44 percent , with a one-sided 95 percent upper boundary of 1.49 percent , which exceeded the prespecified upper limit of 0.40 percent to indicate equivalence in 30-day mortality between the two regimens .||NONE
The respective rates of any <DIS_SIDE_EFF> stroke </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> hemorrhagic stroke </DIS_SIDE_EFF> were 1.92 and 1.12 percent after double-bolus <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> alteplase </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> , as compared with 1.53 and 0.81 percent after an accelerated infusion of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> alteplase </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ( P=0.24 and P=0.23 , respectively ) .||SIDE_EFF
CONCLUSIONS : Double-bolus <TREATONLY> alteplase </TREATONLY> was not shown to be equivalent , according to the prespecified criteria , to accelerated infusion with regard to 30-day mortality .||TREATONLY
There was also a slightly higher rate of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> intracranial hemorrhage </DIS_SIDE_EFF> with the <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> double-bolus method </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
Therefore , <TREATONLY> accelerated infusion of alteplase </TREATONLY> over a period of 90 minutes remains the preferred regimen .||TREATONLY
 BACKGROUND : <TREATONLY> Fenfluramine </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> phentermine </TREATONLY> have been individually approved as <TREATONLY> anorectic agents </TREATONLY> by the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) .||TREATONLY
When used in combination the drugs may be just as effective as either drug alone , with the added advantages of the need for lower doses of each agent and perhaps fewer side effects .||NONE
Although the combination has not been approved by the FDA , in 1996 the total number of prescriptions in the United States for <TREATONLY> fenfluramine </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> phentermine </TREATONLY> exceeded 18 million .||TREATONLY
<TO_SEE> METHODS : We identified valvular heart diseasein 24 women treated with fenfluramine-phentermine who had no history of cardiac disease .||TO_SEE
The women presented with <DISONLY> cardiovascular symptoms </DISONLY> or a <DISONLY> heart murmur </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
As increasing numbers of these patients with similar clinical features were identified , there appeared to be an association between these features and <TREATONLY> fenfluramine-phentermine therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
RESULTS : Twenty-four women ( mean ( +/-SD ) age , 44+/-8 years ) were evaluated 12.3+/-7.1 months after the initiation of <TREATONLY> fenfluramine-phentermine therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Echocardiography demonstrated unusual valvular morphology and regurgitation in all patients .||NONE
Both right-sided and left-sided heart valves were involved .||NONE
Eight women also had newly documented <DISONLY> pulmonary hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
To date , <TREATONLY> cardiac surgical intervention </TREATONLY> has been required in five patients .||TREATONLY
The heart valves had a glistening white appearance .||NONE
Histopathological findings included plaque-like encasement of the leaflets and chordal structures with intact valve architecture .||NONE
The histopathological features were identical to those seen in carcinoid or ergotamine-induced <DISONLY> valve disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : These cases arouse concern that <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramine-phentermine therapy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> may be associated with <DIS_SIDE_EFF> valvular heart disease </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
Candidates for <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramine-phentermine therapy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> should be informed about serious potential adverse effects , including <DIS_SIDE_EFF> pulmonary hypertension </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and <DIS_SIDE_EFF> valvular heart disease </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 <TO_SEE> Between 1987 and 1992 , all patients presenting to the senior author with a symptomatic failed silicone implant arthroplasty refractory to conservative treatment were converted to a metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis .||TO_SEE
Internal fixation was achieved with either dual intrameduilary threaded Steinmann pins or an obliquely placed AO compression screw and a three- or four-hole one-third tubular dorsal neutralization plate .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Bone grafting </TREATONLY> was used to maintain hallux length .||TREATONLY
Successful <TREAT> arthrodesis </TREAT> was achieved in all five feet in patients with <DIS> rheumatoid arthritis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Subjectively , patients improved from an average of 0.69 before <TREATONLY> arthrodesis </TREATONLY> to 4.89 after <TREATONLY> arthrodesis </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
The average walking tolerance improved from 1.11 to 4.80 , and the overall level of satisfaction improved from 0.0 to 4.79 .||NONE
The patient 's ability to wear shoes improved from 0.87 to 3.1 .||NONE
Successful <TREATONLY> arthrodesis </TREATONLY> produces a foot that is more functional and durable than <TREATONLY> excisional arthroplasty </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Subjectively , these patients stated that their level of pain , walking tolerance , and overall satisfaction improved significantly after the <TREATONLY> arthrodesis </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Clinically , there was no evidence of <DISONLY> transfer lesions </DISONLY> , tenderness , or <DISONLY> hallux subluxation </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Hallux length was well maintained after <TREATONLY> surgery </TREATONLY> with <TREATONLY> bone grafting </TREATONLY> , but it was more difficult to obtain the alignment goals .||TREATONLY
The average postoperative metatarsophalangeal dorsiflexion angle was 15.6 degrees and the first metatarsophalangeal angle was 3.1 degrees .||NONE
Despite this , patient satisfaction was high .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Arthrodesis </TREATONLY> of the first metatarsophalangeal joint using a <TREATONLY> bone graft </TREATONLY> to salvage failed <TREATONLY> silicone implant arthroplasty </TREATONLY> produces acceptable subjective and radiographic results .||TREATONLY
Although technically demanding , it provides long-term stability to the hallux , restores weightbearing , and allows for maintenance of a propulsive gait .||NONE
We recommend this procedure instead of an <TREATONLY> excisional arthroplasty </TREATONLY> to maintain high level of function and overall patient satisfaction .||TREATONLY
 OBJECTIVE : To estimate the crude incidence rates of <DISONLY> cerebrovascular accidents </DISONLY> among the black residents of Harare .||DISONLY
DESIGN : Prospective community-based study .||NONE
SETTING : Black residents of Harare , Zimbabwe .||NONE
PARTICIPANTS : Two hundred and seventy-three 'first-ever ' <DISONLY> strokes </DISONLY> prospectively identified over a 12-month period .||DISONLY
MAIN OUTCOME STUDY FACTORS : <DISONLY> Cerebrovascular accident </DISONLY> first-week fatality rate ; age- and sex-related incidence .||DISONLY
RESULTS : The crude incidence rate was estimated to be 30.7 per 100000 ( 95 % confidence interval 27.1-34.4 ) and the standardised rate was 68 per 100000 .||NONE
Fifty-one per cent of <DISONLY> stroke </DISONLY> victims were below the age of 54 years .||DISONLY
Thirty-five per cent of patients died within 1 week of the stroke .||NONE
Overall , the age-specific rates for both sexes rose with age , with the rates for women being higher at all age strata except for the group 45-54 years .||NONE
CONCLUSION : With a standardised rate of 68 per 100000 and a first-week mortality rate of 35 % , <DISONLY> stroke </DISONLY> must now be considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the population .||DISONLY
 OBJECTIVE : To explore the long-term effect of <TREATONLY> calcium supplementation </TREATONLY> during pregnancy on the offspring 's blood pressure during childhood .||TREATONLY
DESIGN : Follow up of a population enrolled in a double blind , randomised , placebo controlled trial .||NONE
SETTING : Perinatal research unit , World Health Organisation 's collaborative research centre .||NONE
SUBJECTS : 591 children at a mean age of 7 years whose mothers were randomly assigned during pregnancy to receive 2 g/day of elemental calcium ( n = 298 ) or placebo ( n = 293 ) .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Mean blood pressure and rate of <DISONLY> high blood pressure </DISONLY> of children .||DISONLY
RESULTS : Overall , systolic blood pressure was lower in the calcium group ( mean difference -1.4 mm Hg ; 95 % confidence interval -3.2 to 0.5 ) than in the placebo group .||NONE
The effect was found predominantly among children whose body mass index at assessment was above the median for this population ( mean difference in systolic blood pressure -5.8 mm Hg ( -9.8 mm Hg to -1.7 mm Hg ) for children with an index > 17.5 and -3.2 mm Hg ( -6.3 mm Hg to -0.1 mm Hg ) for those with an index of > 15.7 to 17.5 ) .||NONE
The risk of high systolic blood pressure was also lower in the calcium group than in the placebo group ( relative risk 0.59 ; 0.39 to 0.90 ) and particularly among children in the highest fourth of body mass index ( 0.43 ; 0.26 to 0.71 ) .||NONE
CONCLUSION : <TREATONLY> Calcium supplementation </TREATONLY> during pregnancy is associated with lower systolic blood pressure in the offspring , particularly among overweight children .||TREATONLY
 The fast reaction of peroxynitrite with CO2 and the high concentration of dissolved CO2 in vivo ( ca .||NONE
1 mM ) suggest that CO2 modulates most of the reactions of peroxynitrite in biological systems .||NONE
The addition of peroxynitrite to CO2 produces of the adduct ONOO-CO2- ( 1 ) .||NONE
The production of 1 greatly accelerates the decomposition of peroxynitrite to give nitrate .||NONE
We now show that the formation of 1 is followed by reformation of CO2 ( rather than another carbonate species such as CO3 = or HCO3- ) .||NONE
To show this , it is necessary to study systems with limiting concentrations of CO2 .||NONE
( When CO2 is present in excess , its concentration remains nearly constant during the decomposition of peroxynitrite , and the recycling of CO2 , although it occurs , can not be detected kinetically ) .||NONE
We find that CO2 is a true catalyst of the decomposition of peroxynitrite , and this fundamental insight into its action must be rationalized by any in vivo or in vitro reaction mechanism that is proposed .||NONE
When the concentration of CO2 is lower than that of peroxynitrite , the reformation of CO2 amplifies the fraction of peroxynitrite that reacts with CO2 .||NONE
Even low concentrations of CO2 that result from the dissolution of ambient CO2 can have pronounced catalytic effects .||NONE
These effects can cause deviations from predicted kinetic behavior in studies of peroxynitrite in noncarbonate buffers in vitro , and since 1 and other intermediates derived from it are oxidants and/or nitrating agents , some of the reactions attributed to peroxynitrite may depend on the availability of CO2 .||NONE
 A prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , parallel-group , 6-month study assessed the efficacy and safety of <TREAT> ropinirole , a nonergoline D2-dopamine agonist </TREAT> , in patients with <DIS> early Parkinson 's disease </DIS> ( n = 241 ; Hoehn & # 38 ; Yahr stages I to III ) with limited or no prior <TREAT> dopaminergic therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patients ( mean age , 62.8 years ) , stratified by concomitant use of <TREATONLY> selegiline </TREATONLY> , were randomized to <TREATONLY> ropinirole </TREATONLY> ( n = 116 ) or placebo ( n = 125 ) .||TREATONLY
The starting dose of <TREATONLY> ropinirole </TREATONLY> was 0.25 mg tid with titration to at least 1.5 mg tid ( maximum dose , 8 mg tid ) .||TREATONLY
Primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage improvement in Unified <DISONLY> Parkinson 's Disease </DISONLY> Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) motor score .||DISONLY
Ropinirole-treated patients had a significantly greater percentage improvement in UPDRS motor score than patients who received placebo ( +24 % vs -3 % ; p & # 60 ; 0.001 ) .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Ropinirole </TREATONLY> was well tolerated and patient withdrawals were infrequent .||TREATONLY
Most adverse experiences were related to peripheral dopaminergic activity .||NONE
<TREAT> Ropinirole monotherapy </TREAT> is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for treatment of <DIS> early Parkinson 's disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Starfish oocytes can be fertilized after germinal vesicle breakdown ( GVBD ) and artificial parthenogenesis can be induced by activating the oocytes after GVBD ( post-GVBD activation ) .||NONE
In the present study , parthenogenotes were obtained by the activation of immature oocytes with caffeine before treatment with <TREATONLY> 1-methyladenine ( 1-MeAde ) </TREATONLY> to induce oocyte maturation .||TREATONLY
Most of the caffeine-treated eggs developed as tetraploids , as parthenogenotes produced by the post-GVBD activation .||NONE
The parthengenotes were derived only from eggs that failed to extrude polar bodies , mostly from eggs failing to extrude a second polar body .||NONE
Eggs derived from immature oocytes activated by A23187 , treated with <TREATONLY> 1-MeAde </TREATONLY> and post-treated with <TREATONLY> cytochalasin B </TREATONLY> failed to extrude polar bodies , and eventually developed into parthenogenetic embryos .||TREATONLY
These results indicate that the present parthenogenesis mechanism shares the same characteristics as that achieved by post-GVBD activation in the suppression of polar body formation as a key means for successful starfish parthenogenesis .||NONE
 We hypothesized that <TREATONLY> fluoride </TREATONLY> partly acts by changing the levels of circulating calcium-regulating hormones and skeletal growth factors .||TREATONLY
The effects of <TREATONLY> oral fluoride </TREATONLY> on 24 female , Dutch-Belted , young adult rabbits were studied .||TREATONLY
The rabbits were divided into two study groups , one control and the other receiving about 16 mg fluoride/rabbit/day in their drinking water .||NONE
After 6 months of <TREATONLY> fluoride dosing </TREATONLY> , all rabbits were euthanized and bone and blood samples were taken for analyses .||TREATONLY
<TREATONLY> Fluoride treatment </TREATONLY> increased serum and bone fluoride levels by over an order of magnitude ( P & # 60 ; 0.001 ) , but did not affect body weight or the following serum biochemical variables : urea , creatinine , phosphorus , total protein , albumin , bilirubin , SGOT , or total alkaline phosphatase .||TREATONLY
<TO_SEE> No < DIS_SIDE_EFF_NO > skeletal fluorosis < /DIS_SIDE_EFF_NO > or < DIS_SIDE_EFF_NO > osteomalacia < /DIS_SIDE_EFF_NO > was observed histologically , nor did < TREAT_SIDE_EFF_NO > fluoride < /TREAT_SIDE_EFF_NO > affect serum PTH or Vitamin D metabolites ( P > 0.4 ) .||TO_SEE
BAP was increased 37 % ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) by fluoride ; serum TRAP was increased 42 % ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) ; serum IGF-1 was increased 40 % ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Fluoride </TREATONLY> increased the vertebral BV/TV by 35 % ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) and tibial ash weight by 10 % ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) .||TREATONLY
However , the increases in bone mass and bone formation were not reflected in improved bone strength .||NONE
Fluoride decreased bone strength by about 19 % in the L5 vertebra ( P & # 60 ; 0.01 ) and 25 % in the femoral neck ( P & # 60 ; 0 .||NONE
05 ) .||NONE
X-ray diffraction showed altered mineral crystal thickness in fluoride-treated bones ( P & # 60 ; 0.001 ) , and there was a negative association between crystal width and fracture stress of the femur ( P & # 60 ; 0.02 ) .||NONE
In conclusion , fluoride 's effects on bone mass and bone turnover were not mediated by PTH .||NONE
IGF-1 was increased by fluoride and was associated with increased bone turnover , but was not correlated with bone formation markers .||NONE
High-dose <TREATONLY> fluoride treatment </TREATONLY> did not improve , but decreased , bone strength in rabbits , even in the absence of impaired mineralization .||TREATONLY
 PURPOSE : To determine the effect of various methods of managing the posterior capsule and anterior vitreous on the rate of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> posterior capsule opacification </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in pediatric eyes implanted with <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> posterior chamber intraocular lenses ( PC IOLs ) </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
SETTING : Cullen Eye Institute , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas , USA .||NONE
METHODS : We reviewed the charts of 20 eyes of 15 children ( aged 1.5 to 2 years ) who had primary <DIS> cataract </DIS> <TREAT> surgery with PC IOL implantation </TREAT> during the past 5 years .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The posterior capsule and anterior vitreous were managed in a variety of ways : In 5 eyes , the posterior capsule was left intact ; in 15 eyes , a <TREATONLY> posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis ( PCCC ) </TREATONLY> was performed - 6 with and 9 without <TREATONLY> anterior vitrectomy </TREATONLY> ; in 8 eyes , <TREATONLY> posterior optic capture </TREATONLY> was performed - 3 with and 5 without <TREATONLY> vitrectomy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
The follow-up ranged from 1 to 4.5 years ( mean 2 years ) .||NONE
RESULTS : Visually significant secondary <DIS_SIDE_EFF> cataract </DIS_SIDE_EFF> developed in the five eyes with intact posterior capsules and in the four eyes that had <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> PCCC </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> without <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> vitrectomy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> and without <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> posterior optic capture </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ( i.e. , the optic was left in the capsular bag ) .||SIDE_EFF
The optical axis remained clear in the six eyes that had <TREATONLY> PC IOL implantation </TREATONLY> with <TREATONLY> vitrectomy </TREATONLY> ( with or without <TREATONLY> posterior optic capture </TREATONLY> ) .||TREATONLY
Initially , all eyes that had <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> optic capture </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> without <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> vitrectomy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> also remained clear , but after 6 months , four of five developed <DIS_SIDE_EFF> opacification </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
CONCLUSION : In this series , <TREAT_PREV> PCCC with anterior vitrectomy </TREAT_PREV> was the only effective method of preventing or delaying <DIS_PREV> secondary cataract formation </DIS_PREV> in infants and children .||PREVENT
 Evidence for the presence of a serotonin1A ( 5-HT1A ) receptor subtype in the salmonid fish brain has recently been presented .||NONE
In the present study the potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist , 8-hydroxy-2- ( di-n-propylamino ) -tetralin ( 8-OH-DPAT ) was tested for its effect on plasma cortisol concentrations in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) .||NONE
Blood was sampled and 8-OH-DPAT administered through a catheter in the dorsal aorta .||NONE
Thirty minutes after the injection of 40 microg of 8-OH-DPAT/kg , plasma cortisol levels had increased from 12 to 149 ng/ml , whereupon they fell , reaching baseline levels after 4 h. The effect of 1-40 microg 8-OH-DPAT/kg on plasma cortisol concentrations was dose-dependent .||NONE
The results lends further support to the hypothesis that the brain serotonergic system plays a key role in integrating autonomic , behavioral and neuroendocrine stress-responses in fish as well as mammals , suggesting that not only the structural and biochemical organization , but also the function of the serotonergic system has been conserved during vertebrate evolution .||NONE
 OBJECTIVE : To assess the medicalising effect of prescribing <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> for <DIS> sore throat </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
SETTING : 11 general practices in England .||NONE
DESIGN : Randomised trial of three approaches to <DIS> sore throat </DIS> : a 10 day prescription of <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> , no antibiotics , or a delayed prescription if the <DIS> sore throat </DIS> had not started to settle after three days .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
PATIENTS : 716 patients aged 4 and over with <DISONLY> sore throat </DISONLY> and an abnormal physical sign : 84 % had <DISONLY> tonsillitis </DISONLY> or <DISONLY> pharyngitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
OUTCOME MEASURES : Number and rate of patients making a first return with <DISONLY> sore throat </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> pharyngitis </DISONLY> , or <DISONLY> tonsillitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Early returns ( within two weeks ) and complications ( <DISONLY> otitis media </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> sinusitis </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> quinsy </DISONLY> ) .||DISONLY
Outcomes were documented in 675 subjects ( 94 % ) .||NONE
RESULTS : Mean follow up time was similar ( antibiotic group 1.07 years , other two groups 1.03 years ) .||NONE
More of those initially prescribed <TREAT_NO> antibiotics </TREAT_NO> initially returned to the surgery with <DIS_NO> sore throat </DIS_NO> ( 38 % v 27 % , adjusted hazard ratio for return 1.39 % , 95 % confidence interval 1.03 to 1.89 ) .||TREAT_NO_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Antibiotics </TREAT> prescribed for <DIS> sore throat </DIS> during the previous year had an additional effect ( hazard ratio 1.69 , 1.20 to 2.37 ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Longer duration of illness ( > 5 days ) was associated with increased return within six weeks ( hazard ratio 2.90 , 1.70 to 4.92 ) .||NONE
Prior attendance with <DISONLY> upper respiratory conditions </DISONLY> was also associated with increased reattendance .||DISONLY
There was no difference between groups in early return ( 13/238 ( 5.5 % ) v 27/437 ( 6 % ) ) , or complications ( 2/236 ( 0.8 % ) v 3/434 ( 0.7 % ) ) .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : Complications and early return resulting from no or delayed prescribing of <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> for <DIS> sore throat </DIS> are rare .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Both current and previous prescribing for <DISONLY> sore throat </DISONLY> increase reattendance .||DISONLY
To avoid medicalising a self limiting illness doctors should avoid <TREAT_NO> antibiotics </TREAT_NO> or offer a delayed prescription for most patients with <DIS_NO> sore throat </DIS_NO> .||TREAT_NO_FOR_DIS
 This study was designed to determine and compare the dose-response characteristics , speed of onset , and relative potency of single-dose <TREAT> epidural fentanyl ( F ) </TREAT> and <TREAT> sufentanil ( S ) </TREAT> for <DIS> postoperative pain relief </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> Eighty women undergoing cesarean section ( C/S ) with epidural 2 % lidocaine with epinephrine ( 1 : 200 , 000 ) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind epidural administration of F ( 25 , 50 , 100 , or 200 microg ) or S ( 5 , 10 , 20 , or 30 microg ) ( n = 10 per group ) upon complaint of pain postoperatively .||TO_SEE
Visual analog scales ( VAS , 0-100 mm ) were used to assess pain and sedation at baseline ; at 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 45 , and 60 min ; and every 30 min until further analgesia was requested .||NONE
The study was terminated at 30 min if satisfactory analgesia was not achieved .||NONE
Side effects were recorded .||NONE
A dose-response was demonstrated for both opioids .||NONE
F 25 microg and S 5 microg were ineffective , with significantly fewer women achieving VAS scores & # 60 ; 10 mm ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 compared with F 100 or 200 microg and S 20 or 30 microg ) .||NONE
F 100 and 200 microg and S 20 and 30 microg all achieved VAS scores & # 60 ; 10 mm in all women with no differences in time to 50 % reduction in VAS ( mean 11-16 min ) and no differences in duration of analgesia ( mean 117-138 min ) .||NONE
The 50 % and 95 % effective dose values for each opioid to achieve a VAS score & # 60 ; 10 mm were F 33 microg and 92 microg and S 6.7 microg and 17.5 microg .||NONE
There were no differences among groups in sedation scores or side effects .||NONE
Our data suggest that the relative analgesic potency of epidural S : F is approximately 5 and that there are no differences between the opioids in the onset , duration , and effectiveness of analgesia when equianalgesic doses are administered postoperatively after lidocaine anesthesia for C/S .||NONE
 We describe 2 cases in which intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography detected complications related to the proximal coronary arteries during <TREATONLY> homograft aortic valve and root replacement </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
In both cases , <TREATONLY> cardiopulmonary bypass </TREATONLY> could not be discontinued despite the use of large doses of <TREATONLY> inotropic drugs </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated aliasing on color flow mapping in the left main coronary artery in 1 case and proximal right coronary artery in the other , along with severely depressed left ventricular anterior wall and right ventricular function , respectively .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Coronary artery bypass grafting </TREATONLY> was performed in both cases , and the outcome was successful .||TREATONLY
 <TO_SEE> Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) has been used to improve granulocyte count in chronic neutropenia and myelodysplasia , to minimize the incidence and duration of neutropenia during conventional chemotherapy , and to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells prior to leukapheresis for use in autologous and allogeneic marrow transplantation .||TO_SEE
The most common toxicity is <DIS_SIDE_EFF> bone pain </DIS_SIDE_EFF> , and other reactions such as <DIS_SIDE_EFF> inflammation </DIS_SIDE_EFF> at the site of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> injection </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> have also occurred .||SIDE_EFF
In patients with <DISONLY> chronic neutropenia </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> splenomegaly </DISONLY> has been described with long-term use , and <DISONLY> extramedullary hematopoiesis </DISONLY> has also been reported .||DISONLY
However , thus far , no life-threatening sequelae of these effects are found in the literature .||NONE
We now describe a case of spontaneous <DIS_SIDE_EFF> splenic rupture </DIS_SIDE_EFF> four days following a six-day course of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> G-CSF therapy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> in an allogeneic donor of peripheral blood stem cells .||SIDE_EFF
 Evidence-based medicine ( EBM ) aids clinical decision making in all fields of medicine , including primary care .||NONE
General practice is characterized by particular emphasis on the doctor-patient relationship and on biomedical , personal and contextual perspectives in diagnosis .||NONE
Most evidence available to general practitioners ( GPs ) addresses only the bio-medical perspective and is often not directly applicable to primary care , as it derives from secondary or tertiary care .||NONE
Emphasis on the biomedical domain and the randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) alone reflects a reductionist approach that fails to do justice to the philosophy of general practice .||NONE
The art of medicine is founded on context , anecdote , patient stories of illness and personal experience , and we should continue to blend this with good quality and appropriate research findings in patient care .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Abdominal tuberculosis </DISONLY> is not uncommon in the UK , especially in Asian immigrants .||DISONLY
It resembles <DISONLY> Crohn 's disease </DISONLY> clinically and radiologically , and it may be difficult to differentiate between them , even at laparotomy or histology .||DISONLY
The distinction is important , however , for proper management of the two conditions .||NONE
<TO_SEE> Every effort must be made to exclude <DIS_NO> abdominal tuberculosis </DIS_NO> before the patient is diagnosed as having <DIS> Crohn 's disease </DIS> and is treated with <TREAT> steroids </TREAT> .||TO_SEE
 PURPOSE : The American Urological Association convened the <DIS> Female Stress Urinary Incontinence </DIS> Clinical Guidelines Panel to analyze the literature regarding <TREAT> surgical procedures </TREAT> for treating <DIS> stress urinary incontinence </DIS> in the otherwise healthy female subject and to make practice recommendations based on the treatment outcomes data .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The panel searched the MEDLINE data base for all articles through 1993 on <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> female stress urinary incontinence </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Outcomes data were extracted from articles accepted after panel review .||NONE
The data were then meta-analyzed to produce outcome estimates for alternative <TREATONLY> surgical procedures </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
RESULTS : The data indicate that after 48 months <TREATONLY> retropubic suspensions </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> slings </TREATONLY> appear to be more efficacious than <TREATONLY> transvaginal suspensions </TREATONLY> , and also more efficacious than <TREATONLY> anterior repairs </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
The literature suggests higher complication rates when synthetic materials are used for <TREATONLY> slings </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
CONCLUSIONS : The panel found sufficient acceptable long-term outcomes data ( longer than 48 months ) to conclude that <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> female stress urinary incontinence </DIS> is effective , offering a long-term cure in a significant percentage of women .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The evidence supports <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> as initial therapy and as a secondary form of therapy after failure of other treatments for <DIS> stress urinary incontinence </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREATONLY> Retropubic suspensions </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> slings </TREATONLY> are the most efficacious procedures for long-term success ( based on cure/dry rates ) .||TREATONLY
However , in the panel 's opinion <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> retropubic suspensions </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> and <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> sling procedures </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> are associated with slightly higher complication rates , including longer convalescence and <DIS_SIDE_EFF> postoperative voiding dysfunction </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 A 55-year-old lady underwent repeat <TREATONLY> aortic valve replacement </TREATONLY> using a 16-mm Carbomedics prosthesis .||TREATONLY
She made an uneventful postoperative recovery and now leads an unrestricted life .||NONE
Doppler echocardiography reveals a 21-mm Hg gradient across the valve at rest .||NONE
This did not increase with an infusion of 30 mcg/kg per min of dobutamine , which resulted in an increase in the cardiac output from 1.96 to 5.46 l/min .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : For more than 30 years it has been known that gastric acid secretion is inversely related to the extent and severity of <DISONLY> corpal gastritis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
We therefore evaluated the effect of cure of <DISONLY> Helicobacter pylori infection </DISONLY> on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion .||DISONLY
METHODS : Basal acid output ( BAO ) and maximal acid output ( MAO ) were assessed in 11 H. pylori-infected dyspeptic patients ( 8 women and 3 men ; mean age , 28 years ) before and after successful anti-H .||NONE
pylori therapy .||NONE
RESULTS : The gastritis index was significantly lower after therapy and was associated with an increase in both BAO and MAO after cure of the <DISONLY> H. pylori infection </DISONLY> ( BAO from 0.3 mmol/h and MAO from 4.8 mmol/h to 19 mmol/ h ) .||DISONLY
Basal and stimulated acid concentrations also increased ( 29.1 +/- 36.6 to 54 +/- 31 mmol/l and 72.5 +/- 46 to 120.1 +/- 30 mmol/l , respectively , for basal and stimulated acid concentrations ; P & # 60 ; 0.05 for peak and MAO , P = 0.07 for BAO ) .||NONE
CONCLUSION : Gastric acid secretion increased into the normal range after successful treatment of <DISONLY> H. pylori infection </DISONLY> , suggesting that gastric function can recover to normal or almost normal after cure of <DISONLY> H. pylori infection </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 OBJECTIVE : Reports suggest that there is an increased incidence of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> after a previously normal pregnancy if there is a change in paternity .||DISONLY
We hypothesize that there is a higher incidence of <DISONLY> preeclampsia ( proteinuric hypertension ) </DISONLY> in women conceiving by intrauterine insemination with donor sperm versus intrauterine insemination with partner sperm .||DISONLY
STUDY DESIGN : This was a retrospective cohort study .||NONE
In women with primary <DIS> infertility </DIS> all pregnancies achieved by either partner or donor <TREAT> intrauterine insemination </TREAT> carried to birth of a fetus ( > 20 weeks ) were identified .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The medical records were examined for the maternal and pregnancy outcome data .||NONE
The relative risk and 95 % confidence interval were calculated for the risk of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The baseline data were compared with t tests , chi 2 analysis and Fisher 's exact test where appropriate .||NONE
RESULTS : Forty-four patients in the partner <TREAT> intrauterine insemination </TREAT> group and 37 in the <TREAT> donor insemination </TREAT> group were identified as having primary <DIS> infertility </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Three cases of mild <DIS_VAG> preeclampsia </DIS_VAG> were found in the <TREAT_VAG> partner insemination </TREAT_VAG> program and nine cases of <DIS_VAG> preeclampsia </DIS_VAG> ( five severe , four mild ) in the <TREAT_VAG> donor insemination </TREAT_VAG> program ( relative risk 1.85 , 95 % confidence interval 1.20 to 2.85 ) . ||VAGUE
CONCLUSIONS : There is a higher incidence of <DIS_VAG> preeclampsia </DIS_VAG> in women conceiving by <TREAT_VAG> intrauterine insemination </TREAT_VAG> with washed donor sperm compared with <TREAT_VAG> intrauterine insemination </TREAT_VAG> with washed partner sperm . ||VAGUE
CONCLUSIONS : There is a higher incidence of <DIS_VAG> preeclampsia </DIS_VAG> in women conceiving by <TREAT_VAG> intrauterine insemination </TREAT_VAG> with washed donor sperm compared with <TREAT_VAG> intrauterine insemination </TREAT_VAG> with washed partner sperm . ||VAGUE
This supports , indirectly , an immunologic basis for <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The antigenic factor would appear to be located on the sperm as opposed to the seminal fluid itself .||NONE
 After a rapid examination of a few basic concepts concerning cellular aging and programmed cell death , the aging of the tissues and organs , the authors discuss the principal theories on senescence .||NONE
They underline that it is necessary to agree in considering the various genetic and epigenetic , endogenous and exogenous mechanisms that lead to the complex aging phenomenon multiple and interrelated .||NONE
In particular they stress the hypothesis that senescence can be due to a sum of molecular damages caused by free radicals , and to the loss of telomeric DNA .||NONE
Radical reactions can cause mutations , inactivation or a decrease in the turnover of mitochondrial DNA which is more vulnerable than the nuclear genoma to the attack of mutagenic agents , acting also as a continuous source of initial and/or promoting factors of the carcinogenetic process .||NONE
The somatic cells become senescent because during cell division , they lose the mechanisms for the lengthening of the telomere .||NONE
The telomerase prevents the shortening of telomeres in neoplastic cells and therefore renders them immortal .||NONE
Paradoxically the protection of the telomere is exactly what must be avoided in the case of tumor cells .||NONE
Recently the demonstration that telomerase is not always involved in the restoration of telomere length shows the complexity of the problems connected to the cause of senescence .||NONE
 Chromosomally integrated retroviral switch ( S ) substrates have been developed to reveal switch recombinase-like activities ( SRLA ) in pre-B and mature B cell lines .||NONE
Switch substrate retrovectors ( SSR ) contain a long-terminal repeat-driven neomycin ( Neo ) gene for proviral chromosomal maintenance ( pre- and post-S recombination ) and a CMV promoter-driven , chimeric hygromycin-thymidine kinase ( Hytk ) gene ( flanked by S mu and S gamma 2b recombination targets ) to select for ( ganciclovir ) and against ( hygromycin B ) S region recombination .||NONE
The retro-substrates ' strong , constitutive promoters ensure that variations in cellular switch recombinase activities are independent of S region accessibility control .||NONE
By initially selecting for proviral integrants in hygromycin followed by shifting into neomycin + ganciclovir to select for S sequence-mediated deletions , switch recombinations can be specifically forestalled in B cell lines whilst most switch-incompetent cells do not survive secondary selection .||NONE
A qualitative , direct PCR assay reveals that SSR recombinations are stochastic in B cell lines generating a product array akin to natural GH class switching .||NONE
A semi-quantitative DC-PCR assay detects a significant recombinase activity only in a restricted set of late stage pre-B and mature B cell lines .||NONE
BCL1B1 mature B cells have the highest level of recombinase activity with 25 % or more of proviral integrants accumulating S mu/S gamma 2b substrate recombinations within 10-14 cell generations .||NONE
The SSR recombinase assay can be performed in a transient fashion wherein extensive , B cell-specific recombination can be visualized within only a few cell divisions post proviral integration .||NONE
We propose that switch recombinase activity becomes activated during B cell ontogeny independent of or prior to the acquisition of CH locus accessibility and that endogenous S segment targeting to pre-existing recombinase requires a level of accessibility beyond transcriptional activation .||NONE
 OBJECTIVE : To determine the prevalence of illicit drug abuse and alcohol use in an obstetric population based in an urban maternity hospital .||NONE
SETTING : A collaborative study between the Rotunda Hospital , Dublin and the Irish National Drug Advisory & # 38 ; Treatment Centre .||NONE
DESIGN : A prospective study consisting of anonymous , unlinked urine testing of 504 'first visit ' antenatal patients and a separate group of 515 patients six weeks after delivery .||NONE
METHODS & # 38 ; OUTCOME MEASURES : Toxicological screening using enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques , with all positive samples being reanalysed .||NONE
Drug histories were taken and samples were tested for alcohol and six of the most commonly abused drugs .||NONE
The pre- and postnatal prevalence of abuse was matched with demographic data .||NONE
RESULTS : The prevalence of chemical substance misuse in the antenatal population was 2.8 % and 5.6 % in the postnatal population .||NONE
Substances identified included benzodiazepines , cannabis , amphetamines , opiates and cocaine .||NONE
Less than 2 % of samples tested positive for alcohol .||NONE
None of the women yielding positive samples had been pre-identified on the basis of history .||NONE
A significant proportion of the women were in the high risk categories with regard to age and socio-economic status .||NONE
CONCLUSION : The prevalence of drug misuse antenatally was nearly 3 % and postnatally almost 6 % .||NONE
Substance abusers in pregnancy are more likely to be single , unemployed , and to have had a previous pregnancy .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Schizophrenic illnesses </DISONLY> occur with approximately the same incidence in all human populations with a characteristic distribution ( slightly earlier in males ) of ages of onset .||DISONLY
Given that the predisposition ( which presumably is genetic ) is associated with a procreative disadvantage why do such illnesses persist ? Here it is suggested that these conditions are a manifestation of genetic diversity in the evolution of the specifically human characteristic of language , an innovation that has occurred by a process of progressive hemispheric specialization-the establishment of dominance for some critical component of language in one or the other hemisphere .||NONE
Individuals who develop <DISONLY> schizophrenic symptoms </DISONLY> show lesser anatomical and functional asymmetries than the population as a whole ; such symptoms may reflect 'dominance failure ' for language .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Cloacal anomalies </DISONLY> are extremely rare and have variable presentations .||DISONLY
Prenatal diagnosis can be difficult especially if they present in late gestation .||NONE
Here we present two cases diagnosed in the late third trimester and review the literature regarding prenatal diagnosis of <DISONLY> cloacal anomalies </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 OBJECTIVE : To determine whether patients with <DISONLY> myocardial amyloidosis </DISONLY> due either to AL ( primary ) amyloid or familial amyloid have distinguishing echocardiographic or electrocardiographic features ; and to compare the prevalence of <DISONLY> heart failure </DISONLY> and survival in the two types of <DISONLY> amyloidosis </DISONLY> in relation to echocardiographic findings .||DISONLY
DESIGN : Blinded group comparison of randomly selected cases of <DISONLY> cardiac amyloidosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
SETTING : International referral centre for amyloid research and treatment .||NONE
PATIENTS : 36 patients with <DISONLY> cardiac amyloid heart disease </DISONLY> , of whom 12 had familial and 24 had primary AL <DISONLY> amyloidosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
RESULTS : Familial and AL echocardiograms were morphologically indistinguishable , with similar left ventricular wall thickness , mean ( SD ) 15.4 ( 2.3 ) nu 15.8 ( 2.5 ) mm , respectively ; right ventricular wall thickness was also similar between amyloid types : 9.6 ( 2.8 ) nu 9.7 ( 6.5 ) mm , respectively .||NONE
Doppler indices of left and right ventricular function , left ventricular volume , and ejection fraction were also similar .||NONE
Low voltage electrocardiograms ( & # 60 ; 0.5 mV ) were more common in the AL ( 16/24 , 67 % ) than in the familial group ( 4/12 , 25 % ) , P & # 60 ; 0.05 .||NONE
The one year survival for familial and AL forms was 92 % ( 11/12 ) nu 38 % ( 6/24 ) , respectively , with virtually all deaths due to cardiac causes .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : Although cardiac involvement is echocardiographically indistinguishable , cardiac mortality is very different between the two forms of <DISONLY> amyloidosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Preservation of electrocardiographic voltage in familial <DISONLY> amyloidosis </DISONLY> suggests that the particular biochemical characteristics of distinct types of amyloid fibril have different pathological effects on the myocardium .||DISONLY
This distinction becomes critical in the evaluation , treatment , and management of patients who have a diagnosis within the spectrum of the <DISONLY> protein deposition diseases </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 OBJECTIVE : To examine the relationship between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI-1 ) activity and PAI-1 gene ( 4G/5G ) polymorphism and <DISONLY> diabetic retinopathy </DISONLY> in Pima Indians with type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : We studied 171 Pima Indians with type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> between the ages of 30-70 years in a population-based epidemiological survey .||DISONLY
Plasma PAI-1 activity was measured by a spectrophotometric assay and PAI-1 4G/5G promoter genotype by the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) using allele-specific primers .||NONE
<DISONLY> Retinopathy </DISONLY> was assessed by ophthalmoscopy after pupillary dilation and classified as any <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> or as nonproliferative and proliferative .||DISONLY
RESULTS : <DISONLY> Retinopathy </DISONLY> was present in 70 ( 41 % ) subjects , and 4 ( 2.3 % ) subjects had proliferative <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Plasma PAI-1 activity was not significantly different among subjects with and without <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> ( 17.1 +/- vs. 19.7 +/- 9.1 arbitrary units ( AU ) /ml , P = 0.09 ) .||DISONLY
PAI-1 activity was negatively correlated with duration of <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> ( rs = -0.18 , P = 0.02 ) .||DISONLY
In a logistic regression analysis controlled for age , sex , BMI , and duration of <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> , any <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations ( P & # 60 ; 0.05 ) , 2-h postload glucose ( P = 0.02 ) , and HbA1c ( P = 0.008 ) , but not with PAI-1 activity ( P = 0.48 ) .||DISONLY
The prevalence of <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> in the three genotype groups differed significantly ( 4G/4G , 4G/5G , and 5G/5G were 44 , 49 , and 24 % , respectively ; chi 2 = 8.22 , df = 2 , P = 0.016 ) and remained significant after controlling for age , sex , BMI , duration of <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> , glycated hemoglobin , and urine albumin-to-creatine ratio in a logistic regression analysis .||DISONLY
The odds ratios for <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> in subjects with 4G/4G and 4G/5G , compared with the 5G/5G genotype , were 2.0 and 3.1 , respectively .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : Although <DISONLY> diabetic retinopathy </DISONLY> in Pima Indians with type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> is not associated with PAI-1 activity , subjects with the 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotype had a higher prevalence of <DISONLY> retinopathy </DISONLY> compared with 5G/5G PAI-1genotype .||DISONLY
These preliminary findings indicate that in Pima Indians with type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> , presence of the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene was associated with a higher risk of <DISONLY> diabetic retinopathy </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 BACKGROUND : Diagnostic peritoneal lavage ( DPL ) is used to diagnose <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> in patients with <DISONLY> stab wounds </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> blunt trauma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Because <TREAT> exploratory celiotomy </TREAT> is routinely performed on patients with <DIS> gunshot wounds to the abdomen </DIS> , DPL is rarely employed .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
However , several studies have questioned routine exploration and have drawn attention to the associated morbidity of negative celiotomy .||NONE
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is an easily performed and inexpensive test that may be useful in this situation .||NONE
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the performance of DPL in the diagnosis of <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> in hemodynamically stable patients with <DISONLY> gunshot wounds </DISONLY> to the abdomen .||DISONLY
DESIGN : A prospective clinical trial .||NONE
SETTING : Two urban trauma centers .||NONE
PATIENTS : Patients with <DISONLY> gunshot wounds </DISONLY> to the abdomen and a systolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg .||DISONLY
INTERVENTIONS : Clinical predication of <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> in the emergency department and DPL performed in the operating room before the initiation of celiotomy .||DISONLY
Injuries found during the celiotomy were recorded .||NONE
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : The results of the clinical evaluation and DPL were compared with the findings of the celiotomy .||NONE
RESULTS : Forty-four patients were enrolled into the study .||NONE
<DISONLY> Intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> was present in 32 ( 73 % ) of these patients .||DISONLY
The senior surgery resident correctly predicted the presence of <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> in 36 ( 82 % ) of the patients ( sensitivity = 90.0 % , specificity = 58.3 % , positive predictive value = 85.3 % , negative predictive value = 63.6 % , phi = 0.52 , P & # 60 ; .01 ) in the emergency department before DPL and celiotomy were performed .||DISONLY
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage correctly identified the presence or absence of <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> in 40 ( 91 % ) of the patients ( positive predictive value = 96.7 % , negative predictive value = 78.6 % , phi = 0.79 , P & # 60 ; .01 ) .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : Clinical judgment is highly accurate in separating patients with tangential <DISONLY> gunshot wounds </DISONLY> to the abdomen from those with <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> but may miss patients with <DISONLY> intra-abdominal hemorrhage </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is highly predictive of the presence of <DISONLY> intra-abdominal injury </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The return of gross blood on aspiration or a lavage red blood cell count greater than 10 x 10 ( 9 ) /L should prompt an urgent celiotomy .||NONE
Missed injuries are rare and most likely to be <DISONLY> bowel perforations </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is an objective test that may augment clinical judgment in selecting hemodynamically stable patients with potential tangential <DISONLY> gunshot wounds </DISONLY> for observation and is especially useful in identifying <DISONLY> intra-abdominal hemorrhage </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 BACKGROUND : To evaluate the frequency of <DISONLY> Blastocystis hominis parasitation </DISONLY> and to ascertain its role as an intestinal a prospective study during 18 months pathogen has been carried out .||DISONLY
SUBJECTS AND METHODS : The study included 2 , 039 patients , which were classified in three groups ( asymptomatic ( group A ) , with suspicion of <DISONLY> parasitosis </DISONLY> ( group B ) , with <DISONLY> diarrhoea </DISONLY> ( group C ) ) .||DISONLY
In all cases a coproparasitological study was performed .||NONE
In the group C the presence of non-parasitic enteropathogens was also investigated .||NONE
In patients with B .||NONE
hominis in the absence of other pathogens clinical and epidemiological characteristics were evaluated .||NONE
Also , its was determined the morphology and quantification of parasites .||NONE
RESULTS : Parasites were identified in 26.2 % of population .||NONE
B .||NONE
hominis was identified in 336 patients ( 16.5 % ) .||NONE
The frequency of <DISONLY> parasitation </DISONLY> was superior in adults ( p & # 60 ; 0.0001 ) , with a slight predominance in the female sex .||DISONLY
The rate of asymptomatic carriers was 3.3 % .||NONE
In 21 patients B .||NONE
hominis ( group C ) was observed in absence of other enteropathogens .||NONE
Statistical significant association was found between B .||NONE
hominis , in absence of other pathogens and the presence of clinical manifestations ( p & # 60 ; 0.0001 ) , the most common of which were <DISONLY> diarrhoea </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> abdominal pain </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
We did not find a statistically significant association between the number of B .||NONE
hominis present and stool characteristics .||NONE
The vacuolar form was the predominant morphological type .||NONE
The ameboid form was observed only in diarrhoeal stools .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : B .||NONE
hominis is the most frequent parasite found in faecal parasitological investigation .||NONE
In absence of other causes , B .||NONE
hominis must be considered as a pathogen .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> BACKGROUND : The cause of severe acquired hyperammonemia , an uncommon but often fatal complication of organ transplantation and chemotherapy for cancer , is obscure .||TO_SEE
< /TO_SEES > OBJECTIVE : To test the hypothesis that liver glutamine synthetase deficiency may explain <DIS_SIDE_EFF> hyperammonemia </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in patients who have had <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> organ transplantation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> or are receiving <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> chemotherapy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
DESIGN : Case report .||NONE
PATIENTS : Two patients who had fatal <DIS_VAG> hyperammonemia </DIS_VAG> after orthotopic <TREAT_VAG> lung transplantation </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
MEASUREMENTS : Liver tissue was analyzed to determine the activities of two urea cycle enzymes and glutamine synthetase .||NONE
Western blot assays for hepatic glutamine synthetase were performed to determine whether glutamine synthetase deficiency resulted from reduced enzyme levels .||NONE
RESULTS : Activities of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine carbamoyltransferase in the liver were normal .||NONE
The activity of hepatic glutamine synthetase was markedly reduced ( in patient 1 , 12 % of the mean value in controls ; in patient 2 , 28 % of the mean value in controls ) , and a concomitant reduction in the amount of glutamine synthetase protein was observed .||NONE
<TO_SEE> CONCLUSION : Hyperammonemia after transplantation was associated with hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency in two patients , but the causal relation between these two conditions must be further studied .||TO_SEE
 Postnatal growth was prospectively measured from birth to 1 y in 54 term infants born small for gestational age ( SGA ) , fed either breast milk or a standard term infant formula .||NONE
Breastfeeding was associated with a 0.36 and 0.64 standard deviation ( SD ) increase in weight at 2 weeks and 3 months of age , respectively , which persisted beyond the breastfeeding period ( 0.64 SD at 1 y ) .||NONE
Breastfed infants also showed greater catch-up growth in head circumference ( SD score ( SDS ) 0.53 higher at 3 months ) , and greater body length gain ( SDS 0.68 higher at 6 months ) .||NONE
This increased growth was independent of potentially confounding obstetric , social and demographic factors .||NONE
Our findings suggest that breastfeeding may promote faster growth in infants compromised by poor growth in utero .||NONE
SGA infants may be programmed for a number of adverse outcomes ; the possibility that such events are altered by choice of postnatal diet is a key issue for future research .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : Few studies have explored the health practices of critical care nurses .||NONE
Critical care nurses routinely teach patients about using healthy practices such as low-fat diets , exercise , and routine screening examinations .||NONE
However , it may be even more important that the nurses themselves have a healthy lifestyle , thus serving as role models for patients .||NONE
Nurses are selling a product , and that product is health .||NONE
The best salespersons are those who are genuinely committed to their product and model its benefits .||NONE
Therefore , critical care nurses ' healthful practices can have a profound effect on their patients .||NONE
OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to examine critical care nurses ' responses to three questions about health practices in their daily lives : ( 1 ) What are critical care nurses doing currently to stay healthy ? ( 2 ) Do they anticipate making any changes in their lifestyle in the future ? ( 3 ) Would they recommend their lifestyle to their patients ? METHODS : One hundred twenty-seven critical care nurses attending a midwestern critical care conference completed a two-part questionnaire designed to produce a health profile .||NONE
In a man-on-the-street approach , 23 nurses participated in an interview via video camera .||NONE
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data retrieved from the questionnaires .||NONE
Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for themes with a constant comparative method .||NONE
RESULTS : More than 70 % of the critical care nurses who responded engage in exercise and follow a healthy , low-fat diet .||NONE
Seventy-one percent said that they anticipate making a change in their lifestyle in the future , and 70 % said that they would recommend their lifestyle to their patients .||NONE
Five themes emerged from the videotaped interviews : ( 1 ) Heart-healthy practices predominated the responses .||NONE
( 2 ) Incorporating a healthy lifestyle was easy for some and a struggle for others .||NONE
( 3 ) Critical care nurses readily listed barriers to healthy living .||NONE
( 4 ) The nurses had a positive attitude about their healthy lifestyles and felt optimistic about being role models for their patients .||NONE
( 5 ) Future plans were either singular in focus or limited to maintenance of current health habits .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : The majority of the nurses reported practicing a healthy lifestyle and thought that they were good role models for patients .||NONE
 Cytochrome P450 1A1 ( CYP1A1 ) and glutathione S-transferase M1 ( GSTM1 ) genetic polymorphisms are involved in the activation and detoxification of chemical carcinogens found in tobacco smoke ; thus they may influence host susceptibility to <DISONLY> lung cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
In this study at Massachusetts General Hospital ( Boston , MA , USA ) of 416 cases and 446 controls ( mostly White ) we evaluated the association between the CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 polymorphisms and <DISONLY> lung cancer </DISONLY> risk , and their interaction with cigarette smoke .||DISONLY
The CYP1A1 MspI heterozygous genotype was present in 18 percent of cases and 16 percent of controls , and one percent of cases and controls were CYP1A1 MspI homozygous variant .||NONE
The GSTM1 null genotype was detected in 54 percent of cases and 52 percent of controls .||NONE
After adjusting for age , gender , pack-years of smoking , and years since quitting smoking , while neither the CYP1A1 MspI heterozygous genotype alone nor the GSTM1 null genotype alone were associated with a significant increase in <DISONLY> lung cancer </DISONLY> risk , having both genetic traits was associated with a twofold increase in risk ( 95 percent confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.0-3.4 ) .||DISONLY
Our data did not provide enough evidence for a substantial modification of the effect of pack-years on <DISONLY> lung cancer </DISONLY> risk by the CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes .||DISONLY
However , limitations of our study preclude a conclusion about this potential interaction .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <TREAT> Thrombolytic treatment </TREAT> has been shown to accelerate resolution of <DIS> major pulmonary embolism </DIS> and lead to a rapid improvement of right-side hemodynamics .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
However , the association between these favorable effects and the clinical outcome of patients who have no severe <DISONLY> hemodynamic compromise </DISONLY> at presentation remains unknown .||DISONLY
METHODS AND RESULTS : The present multicenter registry included 719 consecutive patients with <DISONLY> major pulmonary embolism </DISONLY> according to clinical , echocardiographic , scintigraphic , and cardiac catheterization criteria .||DISONLY
Symptom onset was acute ( & # 60 ; 48 hours ) in 63 % of patients .||NONE
All patients were hemodynamically stable ( ie , without evidence of <DISONLY> cardiogenic shock </DISONLY> ) at presentation .||DISONLY
< TREATONLYPrimary thrombolytic treatment </TREATONLY> ( within 24 hours of diagnosis ) was given to 169 patients ( 23.5 % ) , whereas the remaining 550 patients were initially treated with <TREATONLY> heparin </TREATONLY> alone .||TREATONLY
Overall 30-day mortality was significantly lower in the patients who received <TREATONLY> thrombolytic agents </TREATONLY> ( 4.7 versus 11.1 % , P=.016 ) .||TREATONLY
Clinical factors associated with a higher death rate were <DISONLY> syncope </DISONLY> ( P=.012 ) , <DISONLY> arterial hypotension </DISONLY> ( P=.021 ) , history of <DISONLY> congestive heart failure </DISONLY> ( P=.013 ) , and <DISONLY> chronic pulmonary disease </DISONLY> ( P=.032 ) .||DISONLY
However , only <DISONLY> primary thrombolysis </DISONLY> was found by multivariate analysis to be an independent predictor of survival ( odds ratio for in-hospital death , 0.46 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.21 to 1.00 ) .||DISONLY
<TO_SEE> Patients who underwent early thrombolytic treatment had a reduced rate of recurrent pulmonary embolism ( 7.7 versus 18.7 % , P & # 60 ; .001 ) but also a higher frequency of major bleeding episodes ( 21.9 % versus 7.8 % , P & # 60 ; .001 ) .||TO_SEE
<DISONLY> Cerebral bleeding </DISONLY> occurred in 2 patients in each treatment group , and 1 patient in each group died of a <DISONLY> bleeding </DISONLY> complication .||DISONLY
CONCLUSIONS : The results of our study suggest that <TREAT> thrombolysis </TREAT> may favorably affect the clinical outcome of hemodynamically stable patients with <DIS> major pulmonary embolism </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A 66-year-old male engineer diagnosed with <DIS> malignant pleural mesothelioma </DIS> 4 years previously had <TREAT> thoracotomy , radiotherapy , and chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
He was followed regularly with chest computed tomography ( CT ) scan and had been asymptomatic .||NONE
During one of his physical examinations , routine sigmoidoscopy showed incidental <DISONLY> colonic polyps </DISONLY> which were biopsied .||DISONLY
Subsequently , recurrence of <DISONLY> pleural mesothelioma </DISONLY> and peritoneal involvement by <DISONLY> mesothelioma </DISONLY> was documented .||DISONLY
Two of the polyps showed <DISONLY> metastatic malignant mesothelioma </DISONLY> in the lamina propia which strongly resembled <DISONLY> adenocarcinoma </DISONLY> histologically causing difficulty in making definitive diagnosis .||DISONLY
Review of the literature disclosed no previously documented similar occurrence .||NONE
This case shows the importance of clinical history and ancillary laboratory procedures such as immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to avoid diagnostic pitfalls .||NONE
 The authors report the postoperative magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging findings in 36 patients with <DIS> advanced Parkinson 's disease </DIS> who underwent <TREAT> unilateral microelectrode-guided posteroventral pallidotomy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The lesions were placed within 1 mm of the ventral border of the globus pallidus internus ( GPi ) to include pallidothalamic outflow pathways .||NONE
Sequential MR studies were obtained within 1 to 3 days postoperatively and at 6-month follow-up examination .||NONE
Thirty-four ( 94 % ) of the 36 patients enjoyed sustained moderate or marked improvement of their <DISONLY> parkinsonian symptoms </DISONLY> 6 months postoperatively .||DISONLY
Transient side effects occurred in five patients ( 14 % ) , but there were no persistent complications .||NONE
The pallidal radiofrequency lesions were prolate spheroid shaped and were composed of three concentric zones in the early postoperative studies .||NONE
The mean volume of the middle zone , corresponding to the area of <DISONLY> hemorrhagic coagulation necrosis </DISONLY> , was 44.4 +/- 17.6 mm3 ; the mean lesion volume as defined by the outer zone , corresponding to <DISONLY> perilesional edema </DISONLY> , was 262.2 +/- 111.6 mm3 .||DISONLY
Additional <DISONLY> edema </DISONLY> spreading to the internal capsule was noted in 32 of 34 cases and to the optic tract in 11 of 34 cases .||DISONLY
In two patients small <DISONLY> ischemic infarctions </DISONLY> involving the corona radiata were found , and in one a <DISONLY> venous infarction </DISONLY> was detected .||DISONLY
<DISONLY> Ischemic infarction </DISONLY> resulted in mild transient <DISONLY> Broca 's aphasia </DISONLY> in one patient , but there was no detectable neurological deficit in the other two .||DISONLY
The mean volume of late-phase ( 6 months ) lesions was 22 +/- 28.8 mm3 .||NONE
In three patients no lesion was identified despite sustained clinical improvement .||NONE
The lesion was located in the posteroventral GPi in all cases except in one patient in whom it was confined to the GP externus ( GPe ) .||NONE
This 49-year-old woman did not experience sustained benefit .||NONE
The authors found no consistent correlations between lesion size and location and clinical outcome as measured by a global outcome score , the Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale motor , activities of daily living , and bradykinesia `` off '' scores or rating of dyskinesias .||NONE
Lesioning of pallidal and subpallidal pathways may contribute to the sustained clinical benefit in this series .||NONE
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed that intraoperative microelectrode recording facilitated accurate placement of the lesion in this critical area .||NONE
 A commercially available health food product of cold-pressed hemp seed oil ingested by one volunteer twice a day for 4 1/2 days ( 135 mL total ) .||NONE
Urine specimens collected from the volunteer were subjected to standard workplace urine drug testing procedures , and the following concentrations of 11-nor-delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid ( 9-THCA ) were detected : 41 ng/mL 9-THCA at 45 h , 49 ng/mL at 69 h , and 55 ng/mL at 93 h. Ingestion was discontinued after 93 h , and the following concentrations were detected : 68 ng/mL at 108 h , 57 ng/mL at 117 h , 31 ng/mL at 126 h , and 20 ng/mL at 142 h. The first specimen that tested negative ( 50 ng/mL initial immunoassay test , 15 ng/mL confirmatory gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric test ) was at 146 h , which was 53 h after the last hemp seed oil ingestion .||NONE
Four subsequent specimens taken to 177 h were also negative .||NONE
This study indicates that a workplace urine drug test positive for cannabinoids may arise from the consumption of commercially available cold-pressed hemp seed oil .||NONE
 OBJECTIVE : We determined the sensitivity and specificity of neonatal brain-stem auditory evoked potentials ( BAEP ) as markers for subsequent <DISONLY> hearing impairment </DISONLY> and for <DISONLY> developmental problems </DISONLY> found later in infancy and childhood .||DISONLY
METHODS : BAEP studies were performed before discharge in infants treated with <TREATONLY> extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ECMO ) </TREATONLY> , and two specific abnormalities were analyzed : elevated threshold and delayed central auditory conduction .||TREATONLY
Behavioral audiometry was repeated during periodic follow-up until reliable responses were obtained for all frequencies , and standardized developmental testing was also conducted .||NONE
The sensitivity and specificity of an elevated threshold on the neonatal BAEP for detecting subsequent hearing loss , and the relationship of any neonatal BAEP abnormality to language or developmental disorders in infancy , were calculated .||NONE
RESULTS : Test results for 46 ECMO-treated infants ( 57.5 % ) were normal , and those for 34 infants ( 42.5 % ) were abnormal , with either elevated wave V threshold , prolonged wave I-V interval , or both on neonatal BAEP recordings .||NONE
Most significantly , 7 ( 58 % ) of the 12 children with subsequent <DISONLY> sensorineural hearing loss </DISONLY> had left the hospital after showing normal results on threshold tests .||DISONLY
There was no significant difference in the frequency of <DISONLY> hearing loss </DISONLY> between subjects with abnormal ( 5/21 , or 24 % ) and those with normal BAEP thresholds ( 7/59 , or 12 % ; Fisher Exact Test , p = 0.28 ) .||DISONLY
Therefore the sensitivity of neonatal BAEP testing for predicting subsequent <DISONLY> hearing loss </DISONLY> was only 42 % .||DISONLY
Neonatal BAEP specificity for excluding subsequent <DISONLY> hearing loss </DISONLY> was 76 % .||DISONLY
In contrast , on language development testing , 19 children demonstrated receptive language delay .||NONE
Of these children , 12 ( 63 % ) had abnormal neonatal BAEP recordings and 7 ( 37 % ) had a normal BAEP threshold , normal central auditory conduction test results , or both ( p = 0.04 ) .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : Neonatal BAEP threshold recordings were of limited value for predicting subsequent <DIS_SIDE_EFF> hearing loss </DIS_SIDE_EFF> common in <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ECMO </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> -treated survivors .||SIDE_EFF
However , an abnormal neonatal BAEP significantly increased the probability of finding a receptive language delay during early childhood , even in those with subsequently normal audiometry findings .||NONE
Because neonatal <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ECMO </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> is associated with a high risk of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> hearing and receptive language disorders </DIS_SIDE_EFF> , parents should be counseled that audiologic and developmental follow-up evaluations in surviving children are essential regardless of the results of neonatal BAEP testing .||SIDE_EFF
 The Federated Council of Internal Medicine has developed a resource guide to help internal medicine residency programs produce internists who are prepared for today 's practice of internal medicine and the challenges of practice in the future .||NONE
The guide situates general internal medicine as the primary care profession that focuses on preventive , short-term , and long-term care of adult patients .||NONE
It assumes that a single pathway is sufficient for educating general internists and subspecialty-bound trainees .||NONE
It identifies the learning experiences that should be part of general internal medicine residency training , lists the clinical competencies that are important for primary care practice , and describes the role of the integrative disciplines that should inform the care of every patient .||NONE
It also describes a process that program directors and local program committees can use to develop competency-based curricula .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> is an uncommon <DISONLY> genodermatosis </DISONLY> characterized by the symmetrical eruption of keratotic reddish-brown papules occurring in the seborrheic areas of the body .||DISONLY
A unilateral , or localized , variant has been identified .||NONE
We report 4 new cases of localized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> and review the English-language literature .||DISONLY
The implications of these cases on future genetic studies are also discussed .||NONE
OBSERVATIONS : Localized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> occurred with equal frequency in males and females .||DISONLY
The average age at onset was 27 years .||NONE
The most frequent site of involvement was the trunk ( 40 % ( 16/40 ) ) .||NONE
This condition was aggravated by sunlight , heat , or sweating in 42 % ( 19/40 ) of reported cases , and 38 % ( 15/40 ) of the patients responded to treatment with topical <TREATONLY> tretinoin </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
CONCLUSIONS : Many of the clinical features of localized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> suggest that it is a genetic mosaic of generalized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Further studies of localized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> may therefore prove to be instrumental in the search for the <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> gene .||DISONLY
 UV radiation induces two major DNA damage products , the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer ( CPD ) and , at a lower frequency , the pyrimidine ( 6-4 ) pyrimidinone dimer ( 6-4 product ) .||NONE
Although Escherichia coli and Saccharomyes cerevisiae produce a CPD-specific photolyase that eliminates only this class of dimer , Arabidopsis thaliana , Drosphila melanogaster , Crotalus atrox , and Xenopus laevis have recently been shown to photoreactivate both CPDs and 6-4 products .||NONE
We describe the isolation and characterization of two new classes of mutants of Arabidopsis , termed uvr2 and uvr3 , that are defective in the photoreactivation of CPDs and 6-4 products , respectively .||NONE
We demonstrate that the CPD photolyase mutation is genetically linked to a DNA sequence encoding a type II ( metazoan ) CPD photolyase .||NONE
In addition , we are able to generate plants in which only CPDs or 6-4 products are photoreactivated in the nuclear genome by exposing these mutants to UV light and then allowing them to repair one or the other class of dimers .||NONE
This provides us with a unique opportunity to study the biological consequences of each of these two major UV-induced photoproducts in an intact living system .||NONE
 A diffuse <DISONLY> macular erythroderma </DISONLY> and subsequent <DISONLY> desquamation </DISONLY> after 1 to 2 weeks are two of the five major diagnostic criteria of <DISONLY> toxic shock syndrome ( TSS ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
We present the case of a 15-month-old girl with <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> , but without <DISONLY> erythroderma </DISONLY> or <DISONLY> desquamation </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
She was admitted with <DISONLY> high fever </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> shock </DISONLY> , and multiorgan involvement .||DISONLY
Minimal or no cutaneous signs were present .||NONE
Initially the diagnosis of the syndrome of <DISONLY> hemorrhagic shock </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> encephalopathy </DISONLY> was made .||DISONLY
After 7 days , a <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> toxin 1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from an inguinal lymph node , where <DISONLY> inflammation </DISONLY> had already been noticed on admission .||DISONLY
Moreover , the girl had no antibodies against this toxin .||NONE
The serum cytokine profile during the acute phase of her illness showed high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma , as is seen during activation of the immune system by <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> toxin 1 .||DISONLY
Other possible causes for the patient 's illness were excluded .||NONE
We conclude that the patient had <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> without <DISONLY> rash </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Without the evidence implicating a <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> toxin 1-producing strain of S. aureus as the cause of her disease , a diagnosis of syndrome of <DISONLY> hemorrhagic shock </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> encephalopathy </DISONLY> would have been made .||DISONLY
It is possible that some cases of syndrome of <DISONLY> hemorrhagic shock </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> encephalopathy </DISONLY> represent a variant of <DISONLY> TSS </DISONLY> in small children .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> BACKGROUND : The growing teratoma syndrome refers to the phenomenon whereby germ cell tumors enlarge after chemotherapy despite complete eradication of malignant cells and normalization of serum tumor markers .||TO_SEE
This clinical scenario must be differentiated from that in which <DISONLY> germ cell tumors </DISONLY> maintain their malignant characteristics with elevated levels of serum tumor markers .||DISONLY
METHODS : Hospital record review was conducted of 2 cases .||NONE
RESULTS : Two male patients are presented , 1 with a <DISONLY> metastatic germ cell tumor </DISONLY> of both the retroperitoneum and mediastinum ( with elevated alpha-fetoprotein level ) and 1 with a <DISONLY> primary germ cell tumor </DISONLY> of the mediastinum ( with elevated alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels ) .||DISONLY
After completion of <TREAT_VAG> chemotherapy </TREAT_VAG> and normalization of tumor markers , both patients presented with <DIS_VAG> pulmonary symptoms </DIS_VAG> attributable to their massively enlarging <DIS_VAG> mediastinal teratomas </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
The clinical and roentgenographic features of patients with thoracic manifestations of the growing <DISONLY> teratoma syndrome </DISONLY> , as well as its management , are reviewed .||DISONLY
<TO_SEE> CONCLUSIONS : After <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> primary or metastatic mediastinal germ cell tumors </DIS> whose tumor markers normalize , a growing mass in the mediastinum may represent the growing <DIS_SIDE_EFF> teratoma syndrome </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 The chicken calmodulin I ( CaMI ) gene has been isolated and characterized on the level of cDNA and genomic DNA .||NONE
The deduced amino acid ( aa ) sequence is identical to the one of chicken CaMII which consists of 148 aa .||NONE
The CaMI gene contains six exons .||NONE
Its intron/exon organization is identical to that of the chicken CaMII and the CaMI and CaMIII genes of rat and human .||NONE
Expression of the CaMI gene was detected in all chicken tissues examined , although at varying levels .||NONE
The gene is transcribed into four mRNAs of 0.8 , 1.4 , 1.7 and 4.4 kb as determined by Northern blot analysis .||NONE
Our results demonstrate that the `` multigene-one-protein '' principle of CaM synthesis is not only applicable to mammals whose CaM is encoded by three different genes , but also to chickens .||NONE
 BACKGROUND : We assessed the accuracy of two electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) protocols for predicting <DISONLY> coronary events </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
METHODS AND RESULTS : In 1994 , 24 months after enrollment in a longitudinal study , 326 high-risk adults underwent both 3- and 6-mm image-slice thickness EBCT scanning and were followed up for 32.0+/-4.0 additional months .||NONE
Events were defined as either coronary death , <DISONLY> myocardial infarction </DISONLY> , or <DISONLY> revascularization </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
We monitored these subjects for the 32-month postscanning period with yearly phone calls and acquisition of records for all hospital admissions .||NONE
At the time of scanning , 11 subjects ( 3 % ) had already suffered 12 events ( 5 <DISONLY> infarctions </DISONLY> and 7 <DISONLY> revascularizations </DISONLY> ) during the 24-month prescanning period .||DISONLY
During the postscanning period , 18 subjects ( 6 % ) suffered 23 events ( 5 coronary deaths , 6 <DISONLY> infarctions </DISONLY> , and 12 <DISONLY> revascularizations </DISONLY> ) .||DISONLY
Thus , 28 subjects ( 9 % ) suffered 35 events .||NONE
Calcium quantities calculated for both protocols , performed on the same subjects , were sorted in ascending order and divided into equal quartiles .||NONE
When <DISONLY> revascularizations </DISONLY> were included , there was a significant trend toward higher frequencies of events with increasing calcium quantity ( P & # 60 ; .01 ) .||DISONLY
However , coronary death and <DISONLY> infarction </DISONLY> were not significantly more frequent in higher quartiles .||DISONLY
These relationships were preserved in the subjects without prior events at the time of scanning .||NONE
CONCLUSIONS : Calcium quantities from the 3-mm and the more reproducible 6-mm scanning are equally accurate for predicting events .||NONE
Coronary calcium amount appears to be a weak predictor of coronary death and <DISONLY> infarction </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Its predictive accuracy is superior for predicting <DISONLY> revascularization </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Research into the genetic component of some complex behaviors often causes controversy , depending on the social meaning and significance of the behavior under study .||NONE
Research into sexual orientation-simplistically referred to as `` gay gene '' research-is an example of research that provokes intense controversy .||NONE
This research is worrisome for many reasons , including the fact that it has been used to harm lesbians and gay men .||NONE
Many homosexual people have been forced to undergo `` treatments '' to change their sexual orientation .||NONE
Other chose to undergo them to escape discrimination and social disapprobation .||NONE
But there are other reasons to worry about such research .||NONE
The very motivation for seeking an `` origin '' of homosexuality reveals homophobia .||NONE
Moreover , such research may lead to prenatal tests that claim to predict for homosexuality .||NONE
For homosexual people who live in countries with no legal protections these dangers are particularly serious .||NONE
 The efficiency of <TREAT> testicular sperm retrieval by testicular fine needle aspiration ( TEFNA ) </TREAT> was compared with <TREAT> open biopsy and testicular sperm extraction ( TESE ) </TREAT> , in 37 rigorously selected patients with <DIS> non-obstructive azoospermia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
All patients underwent <TREATONLY> TEFNA </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> TESE </TREATONLY> consecutively .||TREATONLY
Thus , each patient served as his own control .||NONE
The case was regarded as successful if at least one testicular spermatozoon was found allowing intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) of at least one oocyte .||NONE
The mean age of the male patients was 32.7 years ( range 24-47 ) .||NONE
Whereas by <TREATONLY> TEFNA </TREATONLY> spermatozoa enabling performance of ICSI were found in only four patients out of 37 ( 11 % ) , <TREATONLY> open biopsy and TESE </TREATONLY> yielded spermatozoa in 16 cases ( 43 % ) .||TREATONLY
The negative predictive value of high serum follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) concentrations ( > or =10 IU/l ) ( predicting failure to find spermatozoa for ICSI ) was low ( 38.4 % ) .||NONE
The positive predictive value ( predicting the chance to find spermatozoa for ICSI ) of normal-sized testicle was not different from that of small-sized ( & # 60 ; 15 ml ) testicle ( 50 % ) .||NONE
Complications included one case of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> testicular bleeding </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fine needle aspiration </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> , treated locally , and two cases of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> extratunical haematomata </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following TESE requiring no intervention .||SIDE_EFF
<TO_SEE> In patients with non-obstructive azoospermia , TEFNA has a significantly lower yield compared to TESE .||TO_SEE
Performance of ICSI with testicular sperm in these cases resulted in satisfactory fertilization and high embryo transfer rates .||NONE
The implantation and pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were 13 and 29 % respectively .||NONE
Neither serum FSH values nor testicular size were predictive of the chances to find spermatozoa for ICSI .||NONE
Some complications may occur even following <TREATONLY> TEFNA </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Cyclin D1 , the regulatory subunit of certain protein kinases thought to advance the G1 phase of the cell cycle , is now established as a proto-oncogene , with evidence indicating that its derangement may contribute to the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of <DISONLY> tumors </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The chromosomal translocation t ( 11 ; 14 ) ( q13 : q32 ) , involving rearrangement of the BCL-1 locus , is closely associated with <DISONLY> human lymphoid neoplasia </DISONLY> affecting <DISONLY> mantle cell lymphomas ( MCL ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Recently , the putative BCL-1 proto-oncogene turned out to be none other than the cyclin D1 gene .||NONE
Although the observed break points in the BCL-1 locus are not tightly clustered , its rearrangement has been documented in 40-70 % of cases of <DISONLY> mantle cell lymphoma </DISONLY> , whereas it only rarely occurs in other <DISONLY> B cell lymphomas </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Of note , all of the known break points leave the cyclin D1 coding region structurally intact and result in increased protein expression , implying that this may provide a highly sensitive and specific marker for <DISONLY> MCL </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Recent studies demonstrated that immunohistochemical detection in paraffin-embedded material , using a monoclonal antibody , is very useful for routine diagnosis .||NONE
Current knowledge of cyclin D1 overexpression in <DISONLY> malignant lymphomas </DISONLY> , with emphasis on its clinicopathologic significance , is reviewed .||DISONLY
 In the mammalian central nervous system , a diverse group of basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) proteins is involved in the determination of progenitor cells and , subsequently , in regulating neuronal differentiation .||NONE
Here we report the identification of a novel subfamily of bHLH proteins , defined by two mammalian enhancer-of-split- and hairy-related proteins , termed SHARP-1 and SHARP-2 .||NONE
In contrast to known bHLH genes , detectable transcription of SHARP genes begins at the end of embryonic development marking differentiated neurons that have reached a final position , and increases as postnatal development proceeds .||NONE
In the adult , SHARP genes are expressed in subregions of the CNS that have been associated with adult plasticity .||NONE
In PC12 cells , a model system to study neurite outgrowth , SHARP genes can be induced by NGF with the kinetics of an immediate-early gene .||NONE
Similarly , within 1 h after the administration of kainic acid in vivo , SHARP-2 is induced in neurons throughout the rat cerebral cortex .||NONE
This suggests that neuronal bHLH proteins are also involved in the `` adaptive '' changes of mature CNS neurons which are coupled to glutamatergic stimulation .||NONE
 The embryonic development of the face has been studied in many reviews , this work purposes only to clear up some points which remain obscure concerning cervico-facial morphogenesis .||NONE
In the first part of this study only the facial development , properly speaking , is considered , although it can not be separate of cervical development to which a second study will be reserved .||NONE
In the present study we recall the particular aspects of the neurulation in the cephalic area , then the establishment of the facial processes .||NONE
Then we approach among other things the way to consider the maxillary process with regard to the other facial processes .||NONE
After is considered constitution and natured of the prechordal plate which has been diversely explained .||NONE
Finally , the modelling of the face is evocated , in which the dissociation between the olfactive and buccal spheres is pointed out , with the disparition of the muzzle , as it is established in the haplorhinae , a class of primates in which the human being is involved .||NONE
This phenomenon raises different questions , in particular about the relation of this disposition with the nasoseptal center , the medial part of the nasodorsal center .||NONE
 A case-control study was performed in eight pairs of women to determine whether preeclamptic women developed abnormalities in minor hemoglobins , glycolytic enzymes , or other blood components that might provide insight into the pathophysiology of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> , or that in combination might be used as a marker for the condition .||DISONLY
These variables and standard clinical tests were analyzed as discriminators between preeclamptic and control women .||NONE
The subjects were matched for age , ethnicity , parity , and gestational age .||NONE
Blood samples were taken at the time of diagnosis of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> and at comparable gestational ages for matched normal controls .||DISONLY
Variables differing significantly between groups included increases in uric acid ( UA ) , low-density lipoproteins ( LDL ) , phosphoglycerate kinase ( PGK ) , and mean platelet volume ( MPV ) , and decreases in glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase ( G3PD ) in preeclamptic women compared to normal controls .||NONE
Discriminant analysis revealed the following function to separate the groups : 0.7764 ( UA ) + 0.8086 ( PGK ) -0.7032 ( G3PD ) + 0.1399 ( LDL ) -0.2386 ( MPV ) .||NONE
A discriminant score of > or = 275 indicated a > or = 90 % probability of <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The results are consistent with perturbations in red cell glycolysis in <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Further prospective studies are warranted to test the efficacy of this discriminant function in predicting <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 A novel technique for patterning immobilized antibody layers based upon photolithography and oxygen plasma exposure has been developed .||NONE
Mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for <TREATONLY> thiabendazole </TREATONLY> ( a post-harvest fungicide and veterinary anthelmintic ) were covalently linked through free amine groups to aminosilanized silicon dioxide films using glutaraldehyde .||TREATONLY
Immobilized antibody layers were stabilized with sucrose , dehydrated , and stored refrigerated with desiccant .||NONE
Photolithographic patterning was performed with a positive photoresist with modified bake temperatures and times , selective UV exposure with a contact mask , and aqueous alkaline solubilization of exposed resist .||NONE
Exposed regions of immobilized antibody were then removed by exposure to a low power , radio frequency oxygen discharge .||NONE
Residual resist was stripped with acetone .||NONE
Successful patterning was demonstrated by challenging surfaces with goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate .||NONE
Sucrose stabilization was necessary for antibody to undergo photoresist processing without loss of binding activity .||NONE
Challenge with enzyme linked antigen of oxygen plasma exposed antibody layers demonstrated that plasma treatment completely neutralized antibody capture ability .||NONE
Ellipsometry measurements of oxygen plasma exposed antibody layers indicated complete removal of immobilized antibodies .||NONE
Fluorescent imaging demonstrated smallest line widths of 2-3 microns .||NONE
 Immune cells in vivo routinely perform highly selective immunosensing in blood and tissues as part of their normal immune surveillance functions .||NONE
We have been investigating the potential of exploiting the immunosensing detection abilities of excitable immune cells ( i.e. the mast cell ) for the development of whole cell immunobiosensors .||NONE
A key feature is that these immune cells can be selectively engineered to recognize specific antigens in vitro .||NONE
In the presence of antigen , these cells undergo excitable activation responses which result in increased metabolism and the exocytosis of stored intracellular mediators .||NONE
We have previously determined that mast cell metabolic responses can be thermally transduced in real time , thus indicating the possibility of whole cell thermoelectric immunobiosensing .||NONE
In this work we investigated the use of enzyme amplification systems to enhance the direct transduction of immune cell responses to analyte .||NONE
It was found that with appropriate enzymes , peak outputs occurred within approximately 5 min ( 4-20 times faster than without enzymes ) and peak response magnitudes were up to nine-fold greater than without enzymes .||NONE
 An easy-to-use technique for detection of antibodies specific for the parasite L. donovani in human serum sample has been developed .||NONE
The method is based on an evanescent wave generated from a tapered configuration of decladded optical fibre and does not require any volumetric measurement .||NONE
Tapered fibres are immobilized with the purified cell surface protein of L. donovani by covalent bonding .||NONE
Treated fibres are incubated with the patient serum for 10 min followed by incubation with goat anti human IgG tagged FITC .||NONE
Fluorescent intensity from the fibre has been shown to be proportional to L. donovani specific antibodies present in the test sera .||NONE
Direct readings can be obtained after signal enhancement through a photomultiplier tube within 5 min .||NONE
The system , when tested on 12 positive sera , did not show any false negative result .||NONE
Also , no false positive result was obtained with serum samples of patients infected with <DISONLY> leprosy </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> tuberculosis </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> typhoid </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> malaria </DISONLY> , showing the specificity of the sensor and efficacy of the technique .||DISONLY
 We present an optical biosensor design that expands the utility of enzyme biosensors .||NONE
These biosensors are fabricated by site-selective photodeposition of analyte-sensitive polymer matrices on optical imaging fibres .||NONE
These dual-analyte arrays allow for the simultaneous , independent measurement of the analyte of interest and the transducing analyte .||NONE
The first integrated optical-biosensors using this design have been prepared that allow both the dependent and independent analytes to be measured simultaneously , for example penicillin and pH ( Healey & # 38 ; Walt , 1995 ) or glucose and O2 ( Li & # 38 ; Walt , 1995 ) .||NONE
Independent measurement of the transducing analyte allows <TREATONLY> penicillin </TREATONLY> or glucose to be quantitated in the presence of a concurrent pH or O2 change , respectively .||TREATONLY
<TREATONLY> Penicillin </TREATONLY> can be measured in the range 0.25-10.0 mM in the pH range 6.2-7.5 .||TREATONLY
Glucose can be measured in the range 0.6-20.0 mM in the O2 range 20-100 % .||NONE
The utility of the sensor design was demonstrated by using the penicillin-dual-analyte biosensor to quantitate <TREATONLY> penicillin </TREATONLY> produced during a Penicillium chrysogenum fermentation .||TREATONLY
 The characterization of low molecular weight ligand interaction with receptor molecules is of importance for the investigation of biological processes and for drug research .||NONE
We report on the investigation of the binding of low molecular weight ligands to immobilized receptors by label-free detection .||NONE
Reflectometric interference spectroscopy , an optical transducer which allows the monitoring of a few picograms per square millimetre changes in surface coverage , was used to study two model systems .||NONE
In both cases detection of the binding event was successful .||NONE
High affinity binding of biotin to immobilized streptavidin was clearly detectable at receptor surface concentrations as low as 1-2 x 10 ( 10 ) binding sites/mm2 .||NONE
Linear correlation between the receptor surface concentration and the response to biotin binding was observed .||NONE
Using immobilized DNA , we investigated the binding of common intercalators with respect to kinetics and thermodynamics by evaluation of the association and the dissociation part of the binding curve .||NONE
Bi-exponential increase and decrease of intercalator loading was observed , indicating complex interaction kinetics .||NONE
The four structurally different intercalators showed significant distinction in binding kinetics and equilibrium signals .||NONE
Improvement of experimental parameters is required to obtain more reliable kinetic data .||NONE
 An amperometric lactate oxidase catheter has been developed for in vivo application to real-time lactate monitoring .||NONE
The electrochemical behaviour of the 1 x 3 mm Pt-Ag/AgCl thin film electrode is not significantly influenced by lactate oxidase-polyurethane covering .||NONE
Gamma-irradiation ( 25 kGy ) is suitable for the sterilization procedure .||NONE
The final lactate catheter is characterized by a linear concentration range between 0.5 and 20 mmol/l lactate with a sensitivity around 2 nA mmol-1 l-1 lactate .||NONE
The accuracy is demonstrated by the measurement of control sera .||NONE
Both physiological and pathological materials correlate well with the declared values .||NONE
The dry stored lactate catheter needs about 10 min for hydration and is characterized by response times t98 % of less than 2 min .||NONE
Ex vivo whole blood measurements using the lactate catheter ( y ) give a correlation with the BIOSEN Med L ( x ) of y = ( 1.010x + 0.513 ) mmol/l ( r = 0.9748 ) .||NONE
Lactate values obtained by continuous catheter operation ex vivo correlate well with those obtained by BIOSEN Med L. First subcutaneous implantation ( dog ) underlines the characteristics obtained ex vivo : after 30 min hydration the lactate catheter follows the lactate concentration measured ex vivo with samples from the leg vein by BIOSEN Med L. ||NONE
 The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen ( or antibody ) in solution to antibody ( or antigen ) immobilized on a biosensor and other surfaces is analyzed within a fractal framework .||NONE
Often , the binding kinetics may be described by a single-fractal analysis .||NONE
In some cases , the binding curve exhibits complexities .||NONE
Then , for these cases , the dual-fractal analysis provides an improved fit when compared with a single-fractal analysis .||NONE
This indicates a change in the reaction mechanism on the surface .||NONE
It is of interest to note that the state of disorder ( or the fractal dimension ) and the binding rate coefficient both increase as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface .||NONE
For example , for the binding of 10 nM insulin growth factor-1 in solution to insulin growth factor binding protein-1 immobilized on a biosensor surface , a 64 % increase in the fractal dimension from 1.73 ( Df1 ) to 2.85 ( Df2 ) leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient by a factor of 31.8 from 3.92 ( k1 ) to 125 ( k2 ) .||NONE
Furthermore , as the IGF-1 concentration in solution increases from 10 to 80 nM in solution , k2 and Df2 exhibit a linear increase .||NONE
k1 and Df1 exhibit a linear increase with the reciprocal of the IGF-1 concentration in solution .||NONE
The different examples analyzed and presented together provide a means by which the antigen-antibody reactions may be better controlled by noting the magnitude of the changes in the fractal dimension and in the binding rate coefficient as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface .||NONE
Also , the magnitude of the changes in the binding rate coefficients ( k1 and k2 ) and in the fractal dimensions ( Df1 and Df2 ) as different parameters are changed for the different biosensor applications are of particular value , since they provide us with a measure or extent of changes in the binding rate coefficient on changing different experimental parameter values .||NONE
It is of interest to note the effect of different parameters on the extent or heterogeneity that exists on the surface and how this influences the binding rate coefficients .||NONE
This may be one method to help manipulate or control the binding rate coefficients on the reaction surface .||NONE
 To determine if microscopic urinalysis is needed in all pediatric emergency room patients screened for <DISONLY> urinary tract infections ( UTI ) </DISONLY> , we compared the dipstick urinalysis and complete urinalysis ( dipstick and microscopy ) with urine cultures in 236 children , aged 3 weeks to 21 years .||DISONLY
The ability to detect <DISONLY> UTI </DISONLY> by dipstick only and by complete urinalysis was the same , however microscopic evaluation added many false-positive results without detecting additional <DISONLY> UTIs </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Because the ability to detect <DISONLY> UTI </DISONLY> ( sensitivity ) is maintained , we now offer a dipstick only urinalysis to our emergency room for children 2 years of age or older , with a microscopic analysis performed automatically if dipstick results are positive .||DISONLY
If no microscopic urinalysis is required , testing turn-around time is reduced by 12.3 min/test and the hospital charge is reduced from U.S .||NONE
$ 32 to U.S .||NONE
$ 12 .||NONE
 Using video-intensified fluorescence microscopy and a pseudocolor display of fluorescence intensity , we analyzed the distribution of microinjected molecules within the nurse-cell/oocyte syncytium of Drosophila ovarian follicles .||NONE
We varied the composition and the osmolarity of the culture solution as well as the electrical charge and the molecular mass of the microinjected fluorescent probe .||NONE
As culture solutions , we used four simple salines ( IMADS ) and a complex tissue-culture medium ( R-14 ) that matched the osmolarity of adult hemolymph .||NONE
Small amounts of two anionic dyes ( Lucifer Yellow CH and Lucifer Yellow dextran ) as well as of two cationic dyes ( rhodamine 6G and tetramethylrhodamine dextran-lysine ) were iontophoretically microinjected either into a nurse cell or into the oocyte of stage-10 follicles .||NONE
In the tissue-culture medium , within a few seconds following microinjection , all tested dyes passed through the intercellular bridges in both the anterior direction ( to the nurse cells ) and the posterior direction ( to the oocyte ) , independent of their electrical charge or molecular mass .||NONE
In all simple salines , irrespective of their osmolarity , Lucifer Yellow CH was found to preferentially migrate in the posterior direction and to accumulate in the oocyte due to progressive binding to yolk spheres .||NONE
Thus , with this sensitive method , no correlation was detectable between the external osmolarity , the electrical charge and the preferential direction of migration of a microinjected probe .||NONE
Our results indicate that the electrical gradient described by other authors does not exert significant influence on the migration of charged molecules through intercellular bridges in situ .||NONE
 The AF-4 gene on human chromosome 4q21 is involved in reciprocal translocations to the ALL-1 gene on chromosome 11q23 , which are associated with <DISONLY> acute lymphoblastic leukaemias </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A set of recombinant phage carrying genomic fragments for the coding region and flanking sequences of the AF-4 gene were isolated .||NONE
Phage inserts were assembled into four contigs with 21 exons , and an intron phase map was produced enabling the interpretation of translocation-generated fusion proteins .||NONE
The gene contains two alternative first exons , 1a and 1b , both including a translation initiation codon .||NONE
The translocation breakpoint cluster region is flanked by exons 3 and 6 and two different polyadenylation signals were identified .||NONE
Polyclonal antisera directed against three different portions of the AF-4 protein were produced and used to detect a 116 kD protein in cellular extracts of human B-lymphoblastoid and proB cell lines .||NONE
In mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells the AF-4 antigen was predominantly located in the nucleus .||NONE
The AF-4 gene is a member of the AF-4 , LAF-4 and FMR-2 gene family .||NONE
The members of this family encode serine-proline-rich proteins with properties of nuclear transcription factors .||NONE
Comparison of AF-4 protein coding sequences with the LAF-4 and FMR-2 sequences revealed five highly conserved domains of potential functional relevance .||NONE
 Immunoglobulin superfamily molecules in the brain are involved in distinct aspects of nervous system histogenesis , for example neuronal migration and axonal growth .||NONE
To identify novel members of this superfamily in the chick nervous system , we developed a polymerase chain reaction-based approach making use of sequence motifs of immunoglobulin-like domains .||NONE
In the present study , we report the molecular cloning of three isoforms , the biochemical analysis and the immunohistochemical characterization of one of the proteins identified in this screen .||NONE
This molecule has 91 % sequence identity with the limbic system-associated membrane protein ( LAMP ) characterized in the rat and is therefore referred to as the chicken homologue of the latter ( chLAMP ) .||NONE
The molecule is a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored 60 kDa protein with three immunoglobulin-like domains and contains 40 % N-linked carbohydrate .||NONE
We identify three different mRNA forms of chLAMP and show that two forms with distinct 5'-termini are differentially transcribed in neural development .||NONE
In addition , we demonstrate using a fusion protein expressed in eukaryotic cells that chLAMP has homophilic binding activity .||NONE
The protein was found on a subset of axons in the central and peripheral nervous system and is likely to be involved in specific cell-cell interactions in neurohistogenesis .||NONE
 Two novel cDNAs , DNAS1L2 and DNAS1L3 , are predicted to encode proteins of 299 and 305 amino acids with 56 and 46 % residue identity ( 71 and 63 % similarity ) , respectively , to deoxyribonuclease I ( DNase I ) .||NONE
DNAS1L2 is located on a 16p13.3 cosmid , while DNAS1L3 maps to 3p14.3-p21.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by PCR analysis of a radiation hybrid panel .||NONE
Northern analysis revealed DNAS1L3 expression nearly exclusively in liver , while DNAS1L2 expression was detected in brain by RT-PCR .||NONE
The previously defined DNL1L or DNAS1L1 is expressed highest in heart and skeletal muscle , while DNase I is expressed in the pancreas , parotid gland , and kidney .||NONE
Thus , to date , four DNase I-like genes that show different tissue expression patterns are known .||NONE
A comparison of DNAS1L1 , DNAS1L2 , and DNAS1L3 with the well-characterized DNase I suggests that the DNAS1L proteins are unlikely to be glycosylated or bind actin ; however , catalytic and calcium- and DNA-binding residues are conserved , and potentially cleavable signal peptides are present among all these proteins .||NONE
This analysis also identifies regions of high conservation among these proteins with no currently assigned function .||NONE
 Two different responses to the therapy were observed in a group of patients receiving the <TREATONLY> protease inhibitor indinavir </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
In one , suppression of virus replication occurred and has persisted for 90 weeks ( bDNA , & # 60 ; 500 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) RNA copies/ml ) .||NONE
In the second group , a rebound in virus levels in plasma followed the initial sharp decline observed at the start of therapy .||NONE
This was associated with the emergence of drug-resistant variants .||NONE
Sequence analysis of the protease gene during the course of therapy revealed that in this second group there was a sequential acquisition of protease mutations at amino acids 46 , 82 , 54 , 71 , 89 , and 90 .||NONE
In the six patients in this group , there was also an identical mutation in the gag p7/p1 gag protease cleavage site .||NONE
In three of the patients , this change was seen as early as 6 to 10 weeks after the start of therapy .||NONE
In one patient , a second mutation occurred at the gag p1/p6 cleavage site , but it appeared 18 weeks after the time of appearance of the p7/p1 mutation .||NONE
Recombinant HIV-1 variants containing two or three mutations in the protease gene were constructed either with mutations at the p7/p1 cleavage site or with wild-type ( WT ) gag sequences .||NONE
When recombinant HIV-1-containing protease mutations at 46 and 82 was grown in MT2 cells , there was a 68 % reduction in its rate of replication compared to the WT virus .||NONE
Introduction of an additional mutation at the gag p7/p1 protease cleavage site compensated for the partially defective protease gene .||NONE
Similarly , rates of replication of viruses with mutations M46L/I , I54V , and V82A in protease were enhanced both in the presence and in the absence of Indinavir when combined with mutations in the gag p7/p1 and the gag p1/p6 cleavage sites .||NONE
Optimal rates of virus replication require protease cleavage of precursor polyproteins .||NONE
A mutation in the cleavage site that enhanced the availability of a protein that was rate limiting for virus maturation would confer on that virus a significant growth advantage and may explain the uniform emergence of viruses with alterations at the p7/p1 cleavage site .||NONE
This is the first report of the emergence of mutations in the gag p7/p1 protease cleavage sites in patients receiving <TREATONLY> protease therapy </TREATONLY> and identifies this change as an important determinant of HIV-1 resistance to protease inhibitors in patient populations .||TREATONLY
 A novel intracellular calcium-binding protein from Echinococcus granulosus is described in this work .||NONE
A cDNA was isolated from a lambdagt11 protoscolex expression library and the deduced amino acid sequence has at least fifteen sequentially repeated twelve-residue repeats that resemble the calcium-binding loop of EF-hands ; however , the dodecamer motif has no flanking helices .||NONE
The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli using the pGEX vector , and a recombinant fusion protein ( EgCaBP1-GST ) was obtained .||NONE
The recombinant fusion protein binds calcium when assayed with 45Ca .||NONE
It is possible that the calcium-binding motifs present a secondary structure similar to the parallel beta roll structure described for an alkaline protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa .||NONE
A native protein of more than 300 kDa was recognized by an anti-EgCaBP1 monoclonal antibody by Western-blot analysis .||NONE
Immunohistochemistry using a pool of anti-EgCaBP1-GST mouse sera demonstrated a strong association of the protein with calcareous corpuscles .||NONE
The possible role of this protein and that of the calcareous corpuscles in the protoscolex are discussed .||NONE
 The enzyme activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAP kinase ) increases in response to agents acting on a variety of cell surface receptors , including receptors linked to heterotrimeric G proteins .||NONE
In this report , we demonstrated that Raf-1 protein kinase activity in the mouse parotid glands was induced by chronic isoproterenol administration in whole animals .||NONE
To investigate the molecular nature underlying cellular responses to Raf-1 activation , we have stably transfected rat salivary epithelial Pa-4 cells with human Raf-1-estrogen receptor fusion gene ( DeltaRaf-1 : ER ) and used mRNA differential display in search of messages induced by DeltaRaf-1 : ER activation .||NONE
Through this approach , the gene encoding non-histone chromosomal protein HMGI-C was identified as one of the target genes activated by oncogenic Raf-1 kinase .||NONE
Activation of Raf-1 kinase resulted in a delayed and sustained increase of HMGI-C expression in the Pa-4 cells .||NONE
The induction of HMGI-C mRNA level is sensitive to both the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and transcription inhibitor actinomycin D .||NONE
The role of the extracellular signal-related kinase ( ERK ) signaling pathway in the HMGI-C induction was highlighted by the result that the MAP kinase kinase ( MEK ) inhibitor , PD 98059 , blocked DeltaRaf-1 : ER- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated HMGI-C induction .||NONE
Altogether , these findings support the notion that the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling module , at least in part , regulates transcriptional activation of the chromosomal architectural protein HMGI-C .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Pendred syndrome </DISONLY> is a recessively inherited disorder with the hallmark features of <DISONLY> congenital deafness </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> thyroid goitre </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
By some estimates , the disorder may account for upwards of 10 % of <DISONLY> hereditary deafness </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Previous genetic linkage studies localized the gene to a broad interval on human chromosome 7q22-31.1 .||NONE
Using a positional cloning strategy , we have identified the gene ( PDS ) mutated in <DISONLY> Pendred syndrome </DISONLY> and found three apparently deleterious mutations , each segregating with the disease in the respective families in which they occur .||DISONLY
PDS produces a transcript of approximately 5 kb that was found to be expressed at significant levels only in the thyroid .||NONE
The predicted protein , pendrin , is closely related to a number of known sulphate transporters .||NONE
These studies provide compelling evidence that defects in pendrin cause <DISONLY> Pendred syndrome </DISONLY> thereby launching a new area of investigation into thyroid physiology , the pathogenesis of <DISONLY> congenital deafness </DISONLY> and the role of altered sulphate transport in human disease .||DISONLY
 We report the cDNA cloning , partial genomic organization , and expression pattern of Stra10 , a novel retinoic acid-inducible gene in P19 <DISONLY> embryonal carcinoma </DISONLY> cells .||DISONLY
Four murine cDNA isoforms have been isolated , which are likely to result from alternative splicing .||NONE
The predicted protein sequences exhibit approximately 85 % identity with the Pbx-related Meis1 homeobox gene products , which are involved in <DISONLY> myeloid leukemia </DISONLY> in BXH-2 mice , and one of the Stra10 isoforms corresponds to the recently published Meis2 sequence ( Nakamura et al. ( 1996 ) Oncogene 13 : 2235-2242 ) .||DISONLY
The Meis2 homeodomain is identical to that of Meis1 , and is most closely related to those of the Pbx/TGIF homeobox gene products .||NONE
By in situ hybridization analysis , we show that the Meis2 gene displays spatially restricted expression patterns in the developing nervous system , limbs , face , and in various viscera .||NONE
In adult mice , Meis2 is mainly expressed in the brain and female genital tract , with a different distribution of the alternative splice forms in these organs .||NONE
 A methodical strategy for the isolation of microsatellite markers specific for targeted regions of bovine chromosomes is presented .||NONE
The procedure involves directed microdissection of one defined subchromosomal area , its DOP-PCR-amplification and cloning .||NONE
With this approach , a library specific to the BTA 6q21-31 chromosomal region was constructed .||NONE
Eleven unique microsatellite-containing sequences were isolated , converted into sequence-tagged microsatellite sites , and characterized concerning their species-specific origin .||NONE
Seven primer pairs generated bovine-specific PCR products and provided a set of microsatellite markers that generally revealed high informativity in the HF breed .||NONE
Linkage analysis assigned six of them to their predefined subchromosomal origin on BTA 6 corresponding to the specific rehybridization signal of the DOP-PCR product generated from the microdissected chromosome area 6q21-31 .||NONE
The results underline the usefulness of the BTA 6q21-31 library for targeted isolation of unique sequences that are specific for the dissected chromosomal region as demonstrated here by the isolation of microsatellite markers .||NONE
 Phylogeographic structure was determined for the yellow mongoose , Cynictis penicillata , using mtDNA RFLPs and control region sequences .||NONE
The RFLP analysis revealed 13 haplotypes which showed weak geographical patterning consistent with a recent range expansion from a refugial population ( s ) .||NONE
An analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) revealed no correspondence between mtDNA phylogeography and subspecies delimitation , nor between matrilines and areas characterized by a high incidence of the <DISONLY> viverrid-type rabies </DISONLY> , of which the yellow mongoose is the principal vector .||DISONLY
The lack of structure was also shown by control region sequences although four of the maternal lineages shared a near-perfect 81 bp repeat .||NONE
We speculate that regional hot spots of the <DISONLY> viverrid rabies </DISONLY> biotype reflect population density differences in the yellow mongoose that are not underscored by genetic partitioning , at least at the level of resolution provided by our analyses .||DISONLY
 The indoor pollution , where the patients pass in general close to 90 % of their time , is an important factor to take in consideration if one wants to evaluate suitably the effects of the air pollution on the health .||NONE
Causes of this kind of pollution are partially linked to the external pollution and the outdoor environment and also are function of human activities and introduced products in the habitat ( heating , tabagisme , handywork , products of maintenance , coatings , materials of construction , etc .||NONE
) .||NONE
The effects on health are as various as the pollutants , going from sharp intoxication to irritations or simply desagreements .||NONE
In this problem of public health we may not underestimated sensitive persons and risky group as well as long terme effects , and chronic exposition effects .||NONE
The search of solutions needs multiple competences from the physician , who has to play an essential role .||NONE
 Dioxins are a family of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons that are produced during combustion processes in the presence of a chlorine donor and as by-products of the chlorine-processing chemical industries .||NONE
Several dioxins are extremely stable compounds and persist for years in the environment .||NONE
Exposure to dioxins occurs mainly via the ingestion of contaminated food .||NONE
The lipophilic character of dioxins prevents their excretion in the urine and causes their accumulation in body fat .||NONE
The mechanisms of dioxin action are similar to those of a hormone .||NONE
Dioxins bind to a specific intracellular receptor and the complex acts as a transcription factor that induces the production of a great number of proteins .||NONE
Certain dioxins , particularly 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin , are very toxic and able to induce numerous clinical conditions .||NONE
The carcinogenicity of dioxins is well documented in animal models and has been described in humans after professional and accidental exposures .||NONE
Recent experimental data also indicate that dioxins can cause <DISONLY> dysfunction of the sexual and thyroid hormone systems </DISONLY> and that the administration of dioxins induces several conditions related to <DISONLY> hormonal dysfunction </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Chronic exposure of female Rhesus monkeys increases the incidence and severity of <DISONLY> endometriosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The administration of dioxins during pregnancy and nursing causes altered development of the reproductive system , decreased spermatogenesis , <DISONLY> hypothyroidism </DISONLY> and disturbed psychomotor development in the offspring .||DISONLY
The particular sensibility of the fetus and newborn is of concern because the exposition to dioxins is particularly important during those periods of life .||NONE
In humans a series of conditions related to <DISONLY> hormonal dysfunction </DISONLY> as undescended testis , decreased spermatogenesis , <DISONLY> testicular cancer </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> endometriosis </DISONLY> have increased in incidence during the last decades .||DISONLY
The chronological parallelism with the appearance of dioxins in the environment suggests that these might exert biological effects at the prevailing level of exposure .||NONE
Nevertheless this hypothesis is currently unconfirmed by epidemiological studies .||NONE
The implications of this scientific incertitude for the implementation of preventive measures are briefly discussed .||NONE
 This presentation summarizes the debate on the suggested progressive impairment of semen quality ( the `` sperm fall '' ) in the last forty years in the developed countries .||NONE
The various available data strongly suggesting an environmental toxic origin for the `` sperm fall '' will be presented as well as the most frequently suspected class of substances , the xenoestrogens .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Diabetes mellitus </DISONLY> is a still growing disease .||DISONLY
New diagnostic criteria lowered the cut off value to 126 mg/dl , in order to detect more rapidly <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> and its complications .||DISONLY
The treatment of <DIS> diabetes 2 </DIS> by the <TREAT> classic oral antidiabetic drugs ( sulfamides and biguanides ) </TREAT> is completed by <TREAT> intestinal glycosidases inhibitors </TREAT> and <TREAT> thiazolidendiones </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These last drugs seem very attractive because they decrease insulin resistance in obese , diabetics .||NONE
Their hepatic side effects must be however under control .||NONE
Better knowledge of non lipidic effects of statins on the arterial wall and the discovery of the action of fibrates on PPAR ( Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ) improved strongly the therapeutic management of <DISONLY> hyperlipidemias </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Recent intervention studies have demonstrated the necessity to treat vigorously <DISONLY> dysipidemias </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> Despite <TREAT_NO> Beta-blockade therapy </TREAT_NO> has been considered as an absolute contraindication in the treatment of <DIS_NO> heart failure </DIS_NO> , it has been shown that they could have a beneficial effect , provided that they were introduced at very low dose , and very progressively in addition of the traditional treatment .||TO_SEE
The advances in the understanding of the neuro-hormonal mechanisms of heart failure have modified the therapeutic strategy : the deleterious effect of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system on the myocardium has served as the rationale for randomized clinical trials comparing beta-blockade to placebo : the current data are promising , suggesting a beneficial effect on survival as well as on quality of life .||NONE
However , these results have to be confirmed by larger trials , currently underway , before to consider that beta-blockade should definitely be incorporated in the treatment of heart failure .||NONE
 <TREAT> Calcium antagonists </TREAT> have been used for treatment of <DIS> cardiovascular diseases </DIS> for more than 25 years .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Several recent retrospective studies have suggested that chronic treatment with <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> short-acting dihydropyridines </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> increased the incidence of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> cardiac events </DIS_SIDE_EFF> , <DIS_SIDE_EFF> cancer </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and <DIS_SIDE_EFF> gastrointestinal bleedings </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
Randomized prospective studies have , however , never been able to confirm these observations .||NONE
In addition , well-conducted studies using <TREAT> verapamil </TREAT> and <TREAT> diltiazem </TREAT> have suggested that these <TREAT> calcium antagonists </TREAT> may even improve <DIS> cardiovascular mortality and morbidity </DIS> of the hypertensive patient .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> There is therefore no reason to believe that the questionable results derived from retrospective studies of the effects of short-acting calcium antagonists on cardiac and noncardiac events may apply to the newer generation of long-acting calcium antagonists .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Sumatriptan </TREAT> and other selective <TREAT> serotonin agonists </TREAT> represent a major breakthrough in <DIS> acute migraine </DIS> treatment .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These drugs are very efficacious and generally devoided of important side effects , but they are expensive and therefore have to be compared with other , more conventional drugs with established or assumed efficacy .||NONE
We summarize the pharmacologic characteristics of <TREATONLY> Sumatriptan </TREATONLY> and give recommendations about its use in clinical practice .||TREATONLY
 Fiercer competition between athletes and a wider knowledge of optimal training regimens dramatically influence current training methods .||NONE
A single training bout per day was previously considered sufficient , whereas today athletes regularly train twice a day or more .||NONE
Consequently , the number of athletes who are overtraining and have insufficient rest is increasing .||NONE
Positive overtraining can be regarded as a natural process when the end result is adaptation and improved performance : the supercompensation principle -- which includes the breakdown process ( training ) followed by the recovery process ( rest ) -- is well known in sports .||NONE
However , negative overtraining , causing maladaptation and other negative consequences such as staleness , can occur .||NONE
Physiological , psychological , biochemical and immunological symptoms must be considered , both independently and together , to fully understand the 'staleness ' syndrome .||NONE
However , psychological testing may reveal early-warning signs more readily than the various physiological or immunological markers .||NONE
The time frame of training and recovery is also important since the consequences of negative overtraining comprise an overtraining-response continuum from short to long term effects .||NONE
An athlete failing to recover within 72 hours has presumably negatively overtrained and is in an overreached state .||NONE
For an elite athlete to refrain from training for > 72 hours is extremely undesirable , highlighting the importance of a carefully monitored recovery process .||NONE
There are many methods used to measure the training process but few with which to match the recovery process against it .||NONE
One such framework for this is referred to as the total quality recovery ( TQR ) process .||NONE
By using a TQR scale , structured around the scale developed for ratings of perceived exertion ( RPE ) , the recovery process can be monitored and matched against the breakdown ( training ) process ( TQR versus RPE ) .||NONE
The TQR scale emphasises both the athlete 's perception of recovery and the importance of active measures to improve the recovery process .||NONE
Furthermore , directing attention to psychophysiological cues serves the same purpose as in RPE , i.e. increasing self-awareness .||NONE
This article reviews and conceptualises the whole overtraining process .||NONE
In doing so , it ( i ) aims to differentiate between the types of stress affecting an athlete 's performance : ( ii ) identifies factors influencing an athlete 's ability to adapt to physical training : ( iii ) structures the recovery process .||NONE
The TQR method to facilitate monitoring of the recovery process is then suggested and a conceptual model that incorporates all of the important parameters for performance gain ( adaptation ) and loss ( maladaptation ) .||NONE
 Little attention has been directed toward identifying the changes which occur in salivary composition in response to exercise .||NONE
To address this , our article first refers to the main aspects of salivary gland physiology .||NONE
A knowledge of the neural control of salivary secretion is especially important for the understanding of the effects of exertion on salivary secretion .||NONE
Both salivary output and composition depend on the activity of the autonomic nervous system and any modification of this activity can be observed indirectly by alternations in the salivary excretion .||NONE
The effects of physical activity ( with reference to factors such as exercise intensity and duration , or type of exercise protocol ) on salivary composition are then considered .||NONE
Exercise might indeed induce changes in several salivary components such as immunoglobulins , hormones , lactate , proteins and electrolytes .||NONE
Saliva composition might therefore be used as an alternative noninvasive indicator of the response of the different body tissues and systems to physical exertion .||NONE
In this respect , the response of salivary amylase and salivary electrolytes to incremental levels of exercise is of particular interest .||NONE
Beyond a certain intensity of exercise , and coinciding with the accumulation of blood lactate ( anaerobic threshold or AT ) , a 'saliva threshold ' ( Tsa ) does indeed exist .||NONE
Tsa is the point during exercise at which the levels of salivary alpha-amylase and electrolytes ( especially Na+ ) also begin to rise above baseline levels .||NONE
The occurrence of the 2 thresholds ( AT and Tsa ) might , in turn , be attributable to the same underlying mechanism , that of increased adrenal sympathetic activity at high exercise intensities .||NONE
 Fat is an extremely important substrate for muscle contraction , both at rest and during exercise .||NONE
Triglycerides ( TGs ) , stored in adipose tissue and within muscle fibres , are considered to be the main source of the free fatty acids ( FFAs ) oxidised during exercise .||NONE
It is still unclear , however , how the use of these substrates is regulated during exercise .||NONE
The regulation seems to be multifactorial and includes : ( i ) dietary and nutritional status ; ( ii ) hormonal milieu ; ( iii ) exercise mode , intensity and duration ; and ( iv ) training status .||NONE
On the other hand , the mechanism for FFA transport from its storage as triglycerides in adipose tissue and muscle to its place of utilisation in heart , skeletal muscle , kidney and liver is more clearly understood .||NONE
It has been determined that the plasma FFA turnover rate is sufficiently rapid to account for most of the fat metabolised during low intensity exercise ( 25 to 40 % VO2max ) .||NONE
However , an exercise intensity of 65 % VO2max results in a slight decrease in the amount of plasma FFA uptake by muscle tissue .||NONE
Other studies have found that during prolonged exercise , muscle TGs become the predominant source of energy obtained from fat .||NONE
Furthermore , it is widely documented that endurance activities increase the energy utilisation from fat while sparing carbohydrate sources .||NONE
For example , during exercise on a cycle ergometer , nonplasma FFAs and plasma FFAs contribute 40 % , and carbohydrates 60 % , of the total calculated amount of energy expenditure before exercise and vice versa after exercise ( 60 % nonplasma and plasma FFAs and 40 % carbohydrates ) .||NONE
Although it was many years before it was fully demonstrated , fat is now known to be transported in the blood as FFA bound to the protein carrier albumin .||NONE
The mobilisation of FFA is primarily a function of sympathetic nervous activity directed towards the adipocytes , or the 'fat pad'. This nervous activity can be direct or may be an effect of circulating catecholamines such as adrenaline ( epinephrine ) .||NONE
This article summarises the role of fat metabolism during exercise .||NONE
 As the clinical availability of glycohaemoglobin/GHb measurement increases , so does the need for comparable and accurate values among different laboratories and different methods .||NONE
At least there should be comparability , i.e. , commutability or feasibility of providing comparable results from different assays in different laboratories .||NONE
A clinical joint study on <TREATONLY> insulin therapy </TREATONLY> , a survey of the actual inter-laboratory differences in GHb measurement among 41 institutions and an assessment of 11 assay methods for the determination of GHb were performed using commercial calibrators and fresh blood samples .||TREATONLY
Data on the actual state of inter-laboratory and inter-assay differences of observed values were useful for comparing results among facilities .||NONE
The recommendation of the Japan Diabetes Society to measure only the stable GHb component and to correct the GHb percentage by two-point calibration with assigned values , was effective but not sufficient .||NONE
Even after correction , 8 out of 11 methods still remained of little practical use because of their large relative errors .||NONE
Inter-method differences among 11 available assay methods were great even after correction and depended on not only the methods but the samples used for the determination .||NONE
The performance of some methods or instruments used are only poor at distinguishing the stable glycated haemoglobin itself .||NONE
Some alternative measurement system with comparability , commutability and precision should be established .||NONE
An urgent and worldwide problem to remove inter-laboratory differences in the measurement of GHb needs to be solved .||NONE
Users in clinical practice must recognize these problems , and , before supply , the providers should check their method and keep records that are readily traceable .||NONE
 A postal survey was performed to determine the current practices and attitudes of radiologists towards the imaging of suspected lower limb <DISONLY> deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
One hundred and twenty-seven departments responded to a questionnaire sent in March 1996 .||NONE
The results show that 87 % of hospitals possess colour Doppler ultrasound ( CDUS ) machines and that 46 % of departments perform ultrasound as the first line investigation in over 90 % of cases .||NONE
Thirty per cent of departments considered calf vein visualization to be generally adequate and 34 % thought that clinicians in their hospitals invariably anticoagulated patients with <TREATONLY> isolated calf thrombus </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
In hospitals where venography was routinely used as the first line investigation , the most common reasons were : the perceived inferiority of ultrasound ( US ) in demonstrating below-knee <DISONLY> clot </DISONLY> , its time-consuming nature and the limited access to suitable ultrasound machines .||DISONLY
The widespread use of ultrasound is encouraging , however , there are clearly diverse views .||NONE
A significant minority of departments depend principally upon venography in the diagnosis of <DISONLY> DVT </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Existential phenomenology and the sociological tradition .||NONE
 Dual leadership in complex organizations .||NONE
 Scientists at major and minor universities : a study of productivity and recognition .||NONE
 Demotion in industrial management .||NONE
 Career anchorage : managerial mobility motivations .||NONE
 Social class and premarital sexual permissiveness : a re-examination .||NONE
 A comment on `` anomy '' .||NONE
 A factor analytic exploration of the alienation , anomia and authoritarianism domain .||NONE
 Technical note on two rates of mixed marriage .||NONE
 Some comments on awareness .||NONE
 On experimental design .||NONE
 Observations on the incidence of following of visual and auditory stimuli in naive mallard ducklings ( Anas platyrhynchos ) .||NONE
 The comfort movements of Anatidae .||NONE
 Potential ethological isolating mechanisms and assortative mating in the domestic fowl .||NONE
 An experimental study of conflict and fear : an analysis of behavior of young chicks toward a mealworm .||NONE
I. The behavior of chicks which do not eat the mealworm .||NONE
 The measuring function of the first legs of Araneus diadematus Cl .||NONE
 The transport of prey by ants .||NONE
 Courtship behaviour in the Drosophila obscura group .||NONE
II .||NONE
Comparative studies .||NONE
 Vision versus touch in form discrimination .||NONE
 Short-term retention as a function of method of measurement , recording time , and meaningfulness of the material .||NONE
 The conservation of a shape property and a proposal about the origin of the conservations .||NONE
 Persisting odours as a biasing factor in open-field research with mice .||NONE
 The display of information and the judgment of contingency .||NONE
 Vividness of words and learning to learn in free-recall learning .||NONE
 Genetic study of the memorization of words and pictures ||NONE
 Amylase production by Streptomyces species .||NONE
 Physico-chemical studies on the stability of <TREATONLY> penicillin salts </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
IV .||NONE
A statistical evaluation .||NONE
 Studies on nitrogen metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. I. Effects of lactose and sucrose additions on nitrogen metabolism .||NONE
 Studies on nitrogen metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. II .||NONE
Amino acid metabolism and its relation to the biosynthesis of <TREATONLY> penicillin </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 The contribution of <TREATONLY> thoracic surgery </TREATONLY> to our discipline .||TREATONLY
 Research past and present , with particular reference to the application of the techniques of basic science to the problems of adrenal pathology .||NONE
 Some <DISONLY> inflammatory disorders </DISONLY> of the large intestine .||DISONLY
 Coexistence of subdural and archnoidal collections of fluid : an unusual case .||NONE
 The scope of <TREATONLY> sphincterotomy </TREATONLY> in <TREATONLY> biliary and pancreatic surgery </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <TREATONLY> Sarcoidosis </TREATONLY> involving the veriform appendix .||TREATONLY
 `` <DISONLY> Chronic pancreatitis </DISONLY> `` and <DISONLY> carcinoma of the pancreas </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A method to aid correct diagnosis .||NONE
 Control of <DIS> post-haemorrhoidectomy bleeding </DIS> with <TREAT> a Foley catheter and a pack </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Diagnosis and therapy of <DISONLY> chronic aspecific pancreatitis </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Behavior of the <DIS> tetanus </DIS> patient subjected to <TREAT> resuscitation treatment </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Further data on <DISONLY> mediastinal and pulmonary tumors </DISONLY> of the child .||DISONLY
Review and personal cases ||NONE
 Dextran of low molecular weight in <DISONLY> peripheral arterial insufficiency </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Clinico-statistical considerations on <DISONLY> vescicular mole </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 On the significance of histologic findings in <DISONLY> neoplasms </DISONLY> of the trophoblast ( case contributions ) ||DISONLY
 Diagnostic evaluation of the patient with <DISONLY> high blood pressure </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Epidemiology of <DISONLY> hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Renal vascular hypertension </DISONLY> ; diagnosis and treatment .||DISONLY
 The use of radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis of <DISONLY> hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The angiogram in the study of <DISONLY> hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Guanethidine .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Hepatocerebral degeneration ( portal systemic encephalopathy ) </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The relationship to fatty acids .||NONE
 Oviposition and its regulation in the polygynous society of Polistes gallicus L. ||NONE
 Interaction of aggressive and sexual behavior in male mice .||NONE
 Conflict and conditioned aversive stimuli in the development of experimental neuroses .||NONE
 Study of the effect of newer analeptic ( Micoren ) in hypoventilation syndrome .||NONE
 Treatment of <DISONLY> a disorder of perception and concept formation </DISONLY> in a case of school failure .||DISONLY
 Rorschach correlates of time estimation .||NONE
 Use of food in <TREATONLY> child psychotherapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 About genital discharge with special consideration of its cervical manifestation ||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Auto-uro therapy </TREATONLY> : status and future prospects ||TREATONLY
 Clinical experience with the <TREATONLY> surface anesthetic xylocaine </TREATONLY> in obstetrics ||TREATONLY
 The problem of medicinal management of labor ||NONE
 Conglutination of the labia minora ||NONE
 The fight against <DISONLY> hemolytic disease </DISONLY> of the newborn in general practice ||DISONLY
 Long term results in the 300 most grave cases out of 4000 <DIS> hyperthyroid patients </DIS> treated with <TREAT> iodine I-131 </TREAT> at the center of Ancona ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 On socalled nervous exhaustion ||NONE
 Examination of neonatal archaic ( primitive ) reflexes in <DISONLY> icterus gravis </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Urologic complications in <DISONLY> non-recurrent cancer </DISONLY> of the cervix ||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Prolonged cortisone therapy </TREAT> in treatment of <DIS> allergic diseases </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The complexing of calcium by citrate , ortho- and polyphosphates .||NONE
 A method of determining the patency of the nasolacrimal apparatus .||NONE
 Intra-arterial infusion of the head and neck .||NONE
Anatomic and distributional problems .||NONE
 Lymphatics of the mouth and neck .||NONE
 Effect of sodium ions on the behavior of rest and action potentials of the cell membrane of the rat myometrium ||NONE
 Studies on contractile properties of the blood serum ||NONE
 Twin pregnancy and fetal and infantile <DISONLY> perinatal mortality </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Fate of the 2d twin ||NONE
 Differential diagnosis of <DISONLY> infectious hepatitis </DISONLY> in pregnancy ||DISONLY
 Epithelial <DISONLY> metaplasia </DISONLY> of the endometrium ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Leukoplakia </DISONLY> of the vaginal portion of the uterus and its clinical evaluation ||DISONLY
 Blood loss in artificial interruption of pregnancy ||NONE
 <TREAT_PREV> Modified bra </TREAT_PREV> in the prevention of <DIS_PREV> mastitis </DIS_PREV> in nursing mothers ||PREVENT
 Hormonal phenomenon after the excision of hydatiform mole ||NONE
 Fetal chondrodystrophy ||NONE
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Malignant mesodermal mixed tumor </DIS_SIDE_EFF> of the uterus following <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> irradiation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ||SIDE_EFF
 Supportive role of nurse in first stage of labor `` can not be emphasized enough '' , according to patient .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Toxemia </DISONLY> of pregnancy .||DISONLY
 Outpatient care -- the role of the nurse .||NONE
 Abandonment : deepest fear of hospitalized children .||NONE
 Support in first stage of labor .||NONE
 The family physician and <DISONLY> cervical carcinoma </DISONLY> -- challenge and opportunity .||DISONLY
 Purposeful `` heroic '' heart treatment ||NONE
 Skilled workers are vital to maintenance cost cuts .||NONE
 Karen : the other side of the picture .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Rhesus haemolytic disease </DISONLY> ; an approach to prevention .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Tumours </DISONLY> of the uterus .||DISONLY
2 .||NONE
Malignancy .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Cancer </DISONLY> of the vulva .||DISONLY
 Effects of smoking on selected clinical obstetric factors .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Amniotic fluid embolism </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A review of the syndrome with a report of 4 cases .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Chronic histiocytosis X </DISONLY> associated with pregnancy .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Disseminated lupus erythematosus </DISONLY> in pregnancy .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Intralesional therapy with betamethasone </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Strucutre of the <DISONLY> influenza virus </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 2 students at Quo Vadis .||NONE
 Double aortic arch associated with tetralogy of Fallot in infants ; report of two cases .||NONE
 Tested questionnaires help administration learn if programs are a success , and why .||NONE
 <DIS_VAG> Dumping syndrome </DIS_VAG> following <TREAT_VAG> pyloroplasty </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Measured subtotal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer .||NONE
 The lesions in bovine udders shedding nonhemolytic coagulase-negative staphylococci .||NONE
 Repository vitamin B 12 preparations .||NONE
 Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems .||NONE
93 .||NONE
Further observations on the importance of interatomic distance in the McLafferty rearrangement .||NONE
Synthesis and fragmentation behavior of deuterium-labeled 12-keto steroids .||NONE
 Treatment of <DISONLY> childhood schizophrenia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A three-year comparison of day and residental treatment .||NONE
 Polycystic ovaries associated with <DISONLY> congenital adrenal hyperplasia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Beta-propiolactone </TREATONLY> as used in sterilization of homografts not carcinogenic for mice .||TREATONLY
 New operations in children 's cardiac disease .||NONE
 Effect of <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> and starvation on myocardial triglyceride and free fatty acid utilization .||DISONLY
 Effect of epinephrine on myocardial triglyceride and free fatty acid utilization .||NONE
 Diurnal periodicity in the metabolic activity of bone tissue .||NONE
 Fine structure of desmosomes .||NONE
, hemidesmosomes , and an adepidermal globular layer in developing newt epidermis .||NONE
 Redundant myelin sheaths and other ultrastructural features of the toad cerebellum .||NONE
 A radioautographic study with H3-thymidine on adrenal medulla nuclei of rats intermittently exposed to cold .||NONE
 A fine structural analysis of the epidermis of the earthworm , Lumbricus terrestris L. ||NONE
 Effect of thoracic cava obstruction on response of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption to saline infusion .||NONE
 The metabolism of intravenously injected isotopic cholic acid in <DISONLY> Laennec 's cirrhosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The origin and glyceride distribution of fatty acids in rat adipose tissue .||NONE
 Absorption of medium and long chain triglycerides : factors influencing their hydrolysis and transport .||NONE
 The effect of epinephrine on immunoreactive insulin levels in man .||NONE
 The role of the liver in serum-induced <DISONLY> hypercoagulability </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Comparative fates of intravenously and orally administered aldosterone : evidence for extrahepatic formation of acid-hydrolyzable conjugate in man .||NONE
 Binding of sulfobromophthalein ( BSP ) sodium by plasma albumin .||NONE
Its role in hepatic BSP extraction .||NONE
 The rationale of <TREAT> extended resection </TREAT> for <DIS> complicated cancer of the large bowel </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Etiology and incidence of <DISONLY> renal stones </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Diagnosis of <DISONLY> stone disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Medical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> stone disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> urinary stones </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Prevention of <DISONLY> stone formation </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Urinary calculi .||NONE
 Is the task hopeless ? ||NONE
 The family medicine program of the University of Miami .||NONE
 Electron microscopic studies of Mycoplasma ( PPLO strain 880 ) in artificial medium and in tissue culture .||NONE
 Chemotherapeutic effects on <DISONLY> mammalian tumor cells </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
3 .||NONE
Modification of leukemia L1210 growth kinetics with an antimetabolite .||NONE
 Comparison of the sensitivity of normal hematopoietic and transplanted lymphoma colony-forming cells of mice to vinblastine administered in vivo .||NONE
 Evidence for an immunological reaction of the host directed against its own actively growing <DISONLY> primary tumor </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Hyperbaric oxygen , whole-body X irradiation , and cyclophosphamide combination therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> mouse leukemia L1210 </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Clinical staging in <DISONLY> cancer of the larynx </DISONLY> : a report on 788 cases using the American Joint Committee 's method of stage classification .||DISONLY
 Comparison of the international and American systems for the staging of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Effects of tryptophan mustard on incorporation of amino acids into proteins in tumor-bearing rats .||NONE
 An electron microscope study of <DISONLY> plant neoplasia </DISONLY> induced by <DISONLY> wound tumor virus </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Possibilities of <TREAT> surgical correction </TREAT> of <DIS> malformations of the bones of the foot </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The postprandial period of the gastrectomized patient .||NONE
Radiocinematographic and clinical correlation ||NONE
 Muscle pathology ; contribution of experimentation ||NONE
 Origin of milk cholesterol in the rat : dietary versus endogenous sources .||NONE
 Comparative effects of two benzodiazepine compounds on isolated human myometrium .||NONE
 Histochemistry of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the human and experimentally induced <DISONLY> adenocarcinoma </DISONLY> of the endometrium .||DISONLY
 Cardiac monitors work -- but they should report more than they do .||NONE
 Delivery room pediatrics .||NONE
The responsibilities of the obstetrician .||NONE
 A pediatrician 's checklist for adolescents .||NONE
 Community clinic treatment for back-ward patients .||NONE
 Studies in <DISONLY> infantile malnutrition </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
V .||NONE
The effect of dietary protein source on serum proteins .||NONE
 <TREAT> Fish protein concentrates </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> kwashiorkor </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> athyrism </DISONLY> in the fetal rat .||DISONLY
Evidence for impairment of elastin formation .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Familial vitamin D resistant rickets </DISONLY> in untreated adult .||DISONLY
Bony proliferation of neural arches with cord compression .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Amyloidosis </DISONLY> of the cornea .||DISONLY
Report of a case without conjunctival involvement .||NONE
 Effect of <TREATONLY> tranquilizing drugs </TREATONLY> on postnatal behavior .||TREATONLY
 Fathers in the delivery room -- an opposition standpoint .||NONE
 Fathers in the delivery -- '' helpful and supportive '' .||NONE
 `` Return the joy of home delivery '' with fathers in the delivery room .||NONE
 Fathers in the delivery room -- long experience molds one viewpoint .||NONE
 Doctors -- we need you .||NONE
 Pharmacological blockade of ovulation in the ewe .||NONE
 Some factors affecting the response of the immature mouse to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin .||NONE
 The metabolism of cortisol by human extra-hepatic tissues .||NONE
 Aromatization of 7-alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and of its 3-sulphate by ovarian and placental tissue cultures .||NONE
 Metabolic and endocrine effects of lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD-25 ) on male rats .||NONE
 Mutation frequencies detected following <TREATONLY> irradiation </TREATONLY> of virgin and inseminated Drosophila melanogaster females .||TREATONLY
 Relationship of fractons of soybeans and a crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor to the effects of feeding unheated soybean meal to chicks .||NONE
 Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol levels in the rat .||NONE
 Comparison of neutral fat and free fatty acids in high lipid-low carbohydrate diets for the growing chicken .||NONE
 An approach to quantitative analysis of intrauterine pressure data .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Intracranial teratomas </DISONLY> in fetal life and infancy .||DISONLY
 Twinning in relation to birth weight , mortality , and <DISONLY> congenital anomalies </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Breast engorgement and <DISONLY> postpartum fever </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Evolution of a placenta circumvallata .||NONE
 Sequential <TREATONLY> estrogen-progestogen therapy </TREATONLY> in gynecology .||TREATONLY
 <DISONLY> Ovarian carcinoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
The problems of staging and grading .||NONE
 Oxytocin induction in pregnant rabbits , with special reference to the stillbirth rate .||NONE
 Significance of a single umbilical artery .||NONE
Report from the collaborative study of cerebral palsy .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Perforated peptic ulcer </DISONLY> in pregnancy .||DISONLY
 Poverty as an isolated factor in relation to <DISONLY> perinatal asphyxia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Perforation of the postpartum uterus </DISONLY> with an intrauterine contraceptive device .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Congenital heart disease </DISONLY> , <DISONLY> deaf-mutism </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> associated somatic malformations </DISONLY> occurring in several members of one family .||DISONLY
 Toward a community alcoholism program .||NONE
 Cases 8 and 9 .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Anesthesia </TREATONLY> accidents .||TREATONLY
 Gynaecological pain .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Profileplasty </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Hypertrophic obstructive <DISONLY> cardiomyopathy </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT_VAG> Oral contraceptives </TREAT_VAG> , <DIS_VAG> thrombosis </DIS_VAG> , and cyclical factors affecting veins . ||VAGUE
 On the influence of cytostatic agents and immune bodies on choriocarcinoma cells in tissue culture ||NONE
 Fat absorption : a transport problem .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Corpora lutea </DISONLY> in proven mules .||DISONLY
 Reconstructive <TREATONLY> tubal surgery </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Studies on the natural posterior pituitary hormones .||NONE
II ||NONE
 On the official inspection of coal-tar dyes in 1969 .||NONE
3 .||NONE
Analysis of Cr , Zn , Fe and Pb contaminants in food coal-tar dyes and their aluminium lakes by atomic absorption spectrophotometry ||NONE
 Radiosterilization of medical products .||NONE
I. Effects of radiation on physical and chemical properties of injection needles ||NONE
 Screening tests of microorganisms for the microbial transformation of griseophenone A , N-methylcoclaurine and sparteine ||NONE
 Gas chromatographic studies on organic mercurials ||NONE
 Application of infra-red absorption spectroscopy to examination of drugs and their preparation .||NONE
XIX .||NONE
Determination of silicone oil in disposable plastic syringes ||NONE
 Observation of air pollution with the aid of continuous analysers .||NONE
3 .||NONE
Correlation between the concentration of various kinds of pollutants in atmosphere and wind direction and velocity at Kasumigaseki , central district of Tokyo ||NONE
 Ultramicro-analysis of cyclohexylamine and low fatty amines by gas chromatography ||NONE
 Some knowledges on the potency of heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration ||NONE
 On the peripheral effects of endotoxin and leucocyte pyrogen in rabbit ||NONE
 A tentative draft of qualitative test of fluoride for adoption to the general tests of eighth revised edition of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan ||NONE
 Identification of <TREATONLY> tranquillizers </TREATONLY> by thin-layer chromatography ||TREATONLY
 Analysis of steroids .||NONE
II .||NONE
A note on the assay of corticoid preparations by tetrazolium salt ||NONE
 Analysis of steroids .||NONE
3 .||NONE
Colorimetric assay of thiomesterone ||NONE
 Studies on the radioimmunoassay of <TREATONLY> insulin </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
I. The production and detection of anti-insulin serum and anti-guinea-pig globulin rabbit serum ||NONE
 Synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) ||NONE
 Studies on the anti-microbial activity of nonionic and anionic surfactants ||NONE
 On the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences Standard `` lysozyme standard '' ||NONE
 On the examination of ginseng and powdered ginseng in 1969 ||NONE
 On the standardization of <TREATONLY> plastic suture </TREATONLY> ||TREATONLY
 Undergraduate research assistants in the Faculty of Medicine .||NONE
University College of Rhodesia .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Congenital aortic stenosis </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Sodium in <DISONLY> heart failure </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Potassium in <DISONLY> heart failure </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Hydrogen ion equilibrium in <DISONLY> heart failure </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Various aspects of water-salt metabolism in <DISONLY> heart congestive failure </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Clinical physiopathology of the patency of the interatrial septum ||NONE
 Various aspects of <DISONLY> diuresis </DISONLY> in <DISONLY> heart congestive failure </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Changes in the mechanism of renal acidification in <DIS_VAG> congestive heart failure </DIS_VAG> : effects of <TREAT_VAG> diuretic treatment </TREAT_VAG> on the acid-base equilibrium ||VAGUE
 Defects of the interventricular septum not associated with other malformations ||NONE
 Clinical physiopathology of the patency of <DISONLY> Botallo 's ductus arteriosus </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Clinical physiopathology of <DISONLY> congenital cyanogenic cardiopathies </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Electronic computers in medical education of the future .||NONE
 Anesthesiology and computers .||NONE
 Immediate outcome and long-term results of 108 sphincterotomies of Oddi 's sphincter of biliary indication ||NONE
 Neuraminic acid-containing oligosaccharides of human urine : isolation and identification of di-N-acetylneuraminyl-3-galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine , 6-2-Nacetylneuraminyl-lactose , 6-2-N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetyllactosamine and 3-2-N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose .||NONE
 Determination of serum oxytocinase ( 1-cystine-aminopeptidase ) activity .||NONE
 Intolerance to milk in <DISONLY> ulcerative colitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
A preliminary report .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Rhinitis </DISONLY> in herds with <DISONLY> piglet influenza </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Research on breeding hygiene in pigs and piglets free from <DISONLY> epidemic diseases </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 The stimulatory effect of luteinizing hormone on adenosine 3 ' , 5'-monophosphate accumulation in corpus luteum slices .||NONE
 Electrolyte and acid-base balance in fetal and maternal blood .||NONE
An experimental and a clinical study .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Q fever </DISONLY> at a combined meat and poultry abattoir .||DISONLY
 Some functional and morphological alterations occurring during and after the adaptation of BHK 21 clone 13 cells to suspension culture .||NONE
 Asbestos as an urban air contaminant .||NONE
 Gas permeability of plastic membranes for <TREATONLY> artificial lungs </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Technoogy , automation and human welfare .||NONE
 A radium accident in a hospital .||NONE
 High energy roentgen ray contamination of the electron beam from a medical betatron .||NONE
 The genetically significant dose from roentgen examinations in Finland in 1963 .||NONE
 Differential expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and receptor by glial cells in experimental <DISONLY> autoimmune encephalomelitis ( EAE ) </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Cesarean deliveries at a university hospital : analysis of rates and indications .||NONE
 Increase in ambient temperature may explain decrease in amniotic fluid index .||NONE
 Early treatment of <DISONLY> gestational diabetes </DISONLY> reduces the rate of <DISONLY> fetal macrosomia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Antenatally detectable markers for the diagnosis of <DISONLY> autosomally trisomic fetuses </DISONLY> in at-risk pregnancies .||DISONLY
 The rate of severe <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> is increased in triplet as compared to twin gestations .||DISONLY
 Thermal equipment usage patterns in neonatal intensive care units : interunit variability and intraunit consistency .||NONE
 Massive <DISONLY> fetomaternal hemorrhage </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Perinatal features of <DISONLY> omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects ( OEIS complex ) </DISONLY> associated with large <DISONLY> meningomyeloceles </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> severe limb defects </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Subchorial hematoma </DISONLY> : a probable cause of reversible nonimmune hydrops <DISONLY> fetalis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Pregnancy in chronic progressive external <DISONLY> ophthalmoplegia </DISONLY> : a case report .||DISONLY
 Effect of magnesium sulfate on the development of cystic periventricular <DISONLY> leukomalacia </DISONLY> in preterm infants .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> Repeated courses of steroids in preterm membrane rupture do not increase the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis .||TO_SEE
 Intrapartum sonography of the lower uterine segment in patients with breech-presenting fetuses .||NONE
 Isolated persistent fetal bradycardia in complete A-V block : a conservative approach is appropriate .||NONE
A case report and a review of the literature .||NONE
 Spontaneous <DISONLY> rectus sheath hematoma </DISONLY> during pregnancy mimicking <DISONLY> abruptio placenta </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT_PREV> Amnioinfusion </TREAT_PREV> for prevention of <DIS_PREV> pulmonary hypoplasia </DIS_PREV> in second-trimester rupture of membranes .||PREVENT
 Trauma and pregnancy .||NONE
 Fetal breathing movements within 24 hours of delivery in prematurity are related to histologic and clinical evidence of <DISONLY> amnionitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Laerdal infant resuscitators are unreliable as free-flow oxygen delivery devices .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Laryngeal obstruction </DISONLY> caused by <DISONLY> lingual thyroglossal duct cyst </DISONLY> presenting at birth .||DISONLY
 Oligohydramnios and the appropriately grown fetus .||NONE
 Ultrastructure of human colostral cells .||NONE
 Dubowitz assessment of gestational age and agreement with prenatal methods .||NONE
 Low prenatal weight gain among low-income women : what are the risk factors ? ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Depression </DISONLY> after childbirth : the views of medical students and women compared .||DISONLY
 Breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers .||NONE
 Care in normal birth : a practical guide .||NONE
Technical Working Group , World Health Organization .||NONE
 Cesarean sections : women 's choice for giving birth ? ||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Epidurals </TREATONLY> and breastfeeding .||TREATONLY
 Lamaze and Bradley childbirth classes .||NONE
 Concerns about the institutionalization of childbirth education .||NONE
 Index to current literature .||NONE
 A randomized trial of one-to-one nurse support of women in labor .||NONE
 Commentary : are nurses effective providers of labor support ? Should they be ? Can they be ? ||NONE
 Women 's views of different models of antenatal care in Victoria , Australia .||NONE
 The effect of discharge pack formula and breast pumps on breastfeeding duration and choice of infant feeding method .||NONE
 Commentary : discharge packs : how much do they matter ? ||NONE
 Quality framework for force plate testing .||NONE
 Bone registration method for <TREATONLY> robot assisted surgery </TREATONLY> : pedicle screw insertion .||TREATONLY
 Parameter sensitivity of a mathematical model of the anterior cruciate ligament .||NONE
 Simultaneous measurement of stiffness and energy absorptive properties of articular cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone .||NONE
 Estimation of loads and stresses in abdominal muscles during slow lifts .||NONE
 Contralateral modification of transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions ||NONE
 Treatment of <DIS> cavernous hemangiomas </DIS> with the <TREAT> neodymium : YAG laser </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Mucous membrane melanomas </DISONLY> of the upper aerodigestive tract .||DISONLY
An analysis of 34 cases ||NONE
 Are the products of CD44 exons v5 and v6 markers for metastasis of <DISONLY> laryngeal carcinomas </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 Detection of differentially expressed genes in <DISONLY> head-neck carcinomas </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Tuberculosis </DISONLY> of the parotid gland : a rare differential diagnosis of <DISONLY> parotid tumor </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 A case of <DISONLY> sarcoidosis </DISONLY> of the mastoid ||DISONLY
 Genomic medicine .||NONE
Internet resources for medical genetics .||NONE
 Genetics .||NONE
 A piece of my mind .||NONE
A 'normal ' practice .||NONE
 Predisposition genetic testing for <DISONLY> late-onset disorders </DISONLY> in adults .||DISONLY
A position paper of the National Society of Genetic Counselors .||NONE
 Scientists revel in new research tool : an online index of cancer genes .||NONE
 Center for genetic research on <DISONLY> scleroderma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 As discoveries unfold , a new urgency to bring genetic literacy to physicians .||NONE
 > From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .||NONE
<DISONLY> Gonorrhea </DISONLY> among men who have sex with men -- selected sexually transmitted diseases clinics , 1993-1996 .||DISONLY
 > From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .||NONE
<DISONLY> Chlamydia </DISONLY> screening practices of primary-care providers -- Wake County , North Carolina , 1996 .||DISONLY
 Social ties and susceptibility to the <DISONLY> common cold </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Prevention of <DISONLY> bacterial endocarditis </DISONLY> : American Heart Association recommendations .||DISONLY
 Issues regarding <TREAT> antiretroviral treatment </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> HIV-1 infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Prescribing <TREATONLY> protease inhibitors </TREATONLY> for the homeless .||TREATONLY
 Treatment of <DIS> verruca vulgaris </DIS> with <TREAT> topical cidofovir </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Complete genomic screen in late-onset familial <DISONLY> Alzheimer disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Evidence for a new locus on chromosome 12 .||NONE
 BRCA1 sequence analysis in women at high risk for susceptibility mutations .||NONE
Risk factor analysis and implications for genetic testing .||NONE
 Characteristics of <DISONLY> prostate cancer </DISONLY> in families potentially linked to the hereditary prostate cancer 1 ( HPC1 ) locus .||DISONLY
 Chromosome 19 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with <DISONLY> multiple sclerosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Evidence of a new susceptibility locus in Caucasian and Chinese patients .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Cancer </DISONLY> incidence after <DISONLY> retinoblastoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Radiation dose and sarcoma risk .||NONE
 Genetic testing in hereditary <DISONLY> colorectal cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Molecular neurogenetics : the genome is settling the issue .||NONE
 Family history and genetic risk factors : forward to the future .||NONE
 Preparing health professionals for the genetic revolution .||NONE
 Preterm premature <DISONLY> rupture of the membranes </DISONLY> associated with recent cocaine use .||DISONLY
 Attitudes toward health-care , <DISONLY> HIV infection </DISONLY> , and perinatal transmission interventions in a cohort of inner-city , pregnant women .||DISONLY
 Association of <DISONLY> parvovirus infection </DISONLY> with isolated fetal effusions .||DISONLY
 Early and long-term results of rehabilitation of <TREATONLY> cochlear implant </TREATONLY> patients ) ||TREATONLY
 Principles of signal detection in pharmacovigilance .||NONE
 Homology modeling of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a possible binding region for single-stranded ARS sequences .||NONE
 Deletion analysis of the p16/CDKN2 gene in head and neck squamous cell <DISONLY> carcinoma </DISONLY> using quantitative polymerase chain reaction method .||DISONLY
 Ribosomal S6 kinase p90rsk and mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E phosphorylations correlate with MAP kinase activation during meiotic reinitiation of mouse oocytes .||NONE
 Hyaluronidase activity of macaque sperm assessed by an in vitro cumulus penetration assay .||NONE
 The comparison of the responsiveness of human isolated internal mammary and gastroepiploic arteries to levcromakalim : an alternative approach to the management of graft spasm .||NONE
 Single-dose pharmacokinetics of felbamate in patients with renal dysfunction .||NONE
 Reporting of adverse drug reactions by hospital doctors and the response to intervention .||NONE
 Glutamate receptors and gene induction : signalling from receptor to nucleus .||NONE
 Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in degranulation induced by IgE-dependent and -independent mechanisms in rat basophilic RBL-2H3 ( ml ) cells .||NONE
 Platelet-derived growth factor activates a mammalian Ste20 coupled mitogen-activated protein kinase in airway smooth muscle .||NONE
 Cyclic AMP inhibitors inhibits PDGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in rat aortic smooth muscle cells via inactivation of c-Raf-1 kinase and induction of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 .||NONE
 Mitochondrial cytopathies and <DISONLY> renal tubular acidosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Elective surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> in the aged : a clinical-economical evaluation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Leukaemia </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DISONLY> in children and young adults : are prenatal and neonatal factors important determinants of disease ? ||DISONLY
 Inverse correlation between loss of heterozygosity of the short arm of chromosome 12 and p15ink4B/p16ink4 gene inactivation in <DISONLY> childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Drug resistance markers : are they bad or good ? ||NONE
 <TREAT> Elective surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> gastrointestinal tumours </DIS> in the elderly .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_VAG> Folate </TREAT_VAG> and <DIS_VAG> heart disease </DIS_VAG> : theoretical link needs study . ||VAGUE
 A call for stepped-up <DISONLY> melanoma </DISONLY> screening .||DISONLY
 New approaches to <DISONLY> stroke </DISONLY> require immediate action .||DISONLY
 The focus is now on standards and privacy in electronic patient records .||NONE
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
I. Introduction .||NONE
II .||NONE
The roots .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 Treatment uncertainties surround early diagnosis of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Depression </DISONLY> in the chronically ill needs separate treatment .||DISONLY
 Medical centers tackle delays , reduce wait times .||NONE
 Epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : is methylphenidate safe and effective ? ||NONE
 Applying the <DISONLY> AIDS </DISONLY> paradigm to <DISONLY> hepatitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 New <DISONLY> asthma </DISONLY> guidelines emphasize better diagnosis , stricter control .||DISONLY
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
IV .||NONE
The search .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 Researchers puzzle over origin of type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Ovarian cancer </DISONLY> : diagnostic limitations , treatment obstacles .||DISONLY
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
V .||NONE
Legislative and legal vigilance .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
VI .||NONE
The light of the profession .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 Electrophysiological evidence on the time course of semantic and phonological processes in speech production .||NONE
 Effects of alanine and glycine substitution for tryptophan on the heterogeneity of gramicidin A analogs in micelles .||NONE
 Torsion-angle molecular dynamics as a new efficient tool for NMR structure calculation .||NONE
 Time-domain quanification of amplitude , chemical shift , apparent relaxation time T2 , and phase by wavelet-transform analysis .||NONE
Application to biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy .||NONE
 Investigation of uncertainties in relaxation analysis of 2D NOE which arise from spectral noise .||NONE
 An efficient HN ( CA ) NH pluse scheme for triple-resonance 4D correlation of sequential amide protons and nitrogens-15 in deuterated proteins .||NONE
 Optimal detection of weak nJ ( 1H- 119Sn ) couplings by gradient-enhanced 1D and 2D heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation spectroscopy .||NONE
Application to a novel tin derivative of erythromycin A .||NONE
 Thermoelectric cooling for NMR sample temperature control .||NONE
 H2NCO-E.COSY , a simple method for the sterospecific assignment of side-chain amide protons in proteins .||NONE
 Applying excitation sculpting to construct singly and doubly selective 1D NMR experiments .||NONE
 Radiation dosimetry by localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy .||NONE
 The 2D NMR experiments H ( C ) CO2 and HCCO2 for assignment and pH titration of carboxylate groups in uniformly 15N/13C-labeled proteins .||NONE
 Post-acquisition solvent suppression by singular-value decomposition .||NONE
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
IX .||NONE
What about our distinctiveness ? 1981 .||NONE
 Preparing for <TREATONLY> thalidomide 's </TREATONLY> comeback .||TREATONLY
 <DISONLY> Heart disease </DISONLY> : women 's unique risks demand attention .||DISONLY
 Resolution due in medical software regulation .||NONE
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
VII .||NONE
Shadows and images .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 The practical use of PCR for rapid detection of <TREATONLY> methicillin </TREATONLY> resistance among staphylococcal clinical isolates from Turkish hospitals .||TREATONLY
 Randomised double-blind trial of fixed low-dose <TREAT> warfarin with aspirin </TREAT> after <DIS> myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Coumadin Aspirin Reinfarction Study ( CARS ) Investigators .||NONE
 Randomised trial of <TREAT> roxithromycin </TREAT> in <DIS> non-Q-wave coronary syndromes </DIS> : ROXIS Pilot Study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
ROXIS Study Group .||NONE
 Association between 5-HT2A gene promoter polymorphism and <DISONLY> anorexia nervosa </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Randomised study of <TREAT> radical surgery versus radiotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> stage Ib-IIa cervical cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 State regulation in a world of `` boundary-less '' technology .||NONE
 Screening for <DISONLY> Chlamydia trachomatis </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 Physician-assisted suicide in Oregon .||NONE
 Common nutritional issues in pediatric and adult critical care medicine .||NONE
 A multifactorial analysis of facial nerve results in surgery for cerebellopontine angle tumors .||NONE
 Osteopathic manifesto .||NONE
VIII .||NONE
Our distinct image .||NONE
1981 .||NONE
 Quality in general practice .||NONE
 Winning the war on <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Clinical problem-solving -- where did good old clinical diagnosis go ? ||NONE
 The named nurse : patient and nurse expectations .||NONE
 Genetic testing opens brave new world .||NONE
 Heterologous <TREATONLY> vaccines </TREATONLY> : proponent sparks some interest .||TREATONLY
 Steps still being taken to undo damage of `` America 's Nuremberg '' .||NONE
 Patient-centered ethics reclaiming center stage .||NONE
 Social ties and susceptibility to the <DISONLY> common cold </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Connecting peptide , correcting peptide ? ||NONE
 Winning health victories with community commitment .||NONE
 Telemedicine gets a chance to prove itself .||NONE
 Additional opinions on the mortality of animal research .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Recurrent strokes </DISONLY> in a 34-year-old man .||DISONLY
 A plan for improving outcomes for patients with <DISONLY> chronic renal failure </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Scientific evidence in family and community medicine ||NONE
 Evidence that the expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor by maternal T-lymphocytes is positively correlated with conception .||NONE
 Another use of <TREAT> androgens </TREAT> : treatment of <DIS> anemia of end-stage renal disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Isotopic evidence for extraterrestrial non-racemic amino acids in the Murchison meteorite .||NONE
 The American Medical Association Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services .||NONE
 Classification of <DISONLY> malignant lymphomas </DISONLY> : the updated Kiel classification .||DISONLY
 Rethink on screening for <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Sports-related <DISONLY> ocular injuries </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Fruit juice consumption .||NONE
 The case of the missing <TREATONLY> methylphenidate </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <TO_SEE> <TREAT> Intensive insulin treatment </TREAT> after <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> in <DIS> diabetes mellitus </DIS> .||TO_SEE
Intensive insulin regimens in primary prevention should be assessed .||NONE
 GPs ' perceptions of tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic <TREATONLY> antidepressants </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Research into long term use is needed .||NONE
 Diagnosing and managing <DISONLY> polymyalgia rheumatica </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> temporal arteritis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Sensitivity of temporal artery biopsy varies with biopsy length and sectioning strategy .||NONE
 Obstructive <DISONLY> sleep apnoea </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Authors ' reply .||NONE
 Impact of postmenopausal <TREAT_VAG> hormone therapy </TREAT_VAG> on cardiovascular events and <DIS_VAG> cancer </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
Search for studies was limited .||NONE
 Treating shoulder complaints in general practice .||NONE
Diagnostic criteria must be used and therapeutic regimens standardised .||NONE
 Authorship .||NONE
System acknowledging roles of contributors is best .||NONE
 Authorship .||NONE
New authorship practices are needed in developing countries .||NONE
 Authorship .||NONE
Researchers ' objective is to get the job done .||NONE
 Quality and clinical audit .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Transurethral microwave thermotherapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Management of <DISONLY> ileosigmoid knotting </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Epitome of <DISONLY> myocarditis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Producing consistent estimates of the power spectral density of NN sequences .||NONE
 Environmental tobacco smoke and <DISONLY> coronary heart disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Long-term benefit of one <TREATONLY> thrombolytic </TREATONLY> over another .||TREATONLY
 Coupling of hemodynamic measurements with oxygen during exercise does not improve risk stratification in patients with <DISONLY> heart failure </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Smoking -- good or bad for semen ? ||NONE
 The pruning of Doctor McDonough and the `` humanizing '' of statistics .||NONE
 Violence .||NONE
Prevention in the home health setting .||NONE
 Contempo 1997 : obstetrics and gynecology .||NONE
 Mortality and refusal of ICU admission .||NONE
 Extracorporeal photopheresis in SÃ ( c ) zary syndrome .||NONE
 Attacks on tobacco industry .||NONE
 Does blinding of readers affect results of meta-analyses ? ||NONE
 Consumption of alcohol and mortality in Russia .||NONE
 Presenilin polymorphisms in <DISONLY> Alzheimer 's disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Autoimmune enteropathy </DISONLY> in adults .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Cyclosporiasis </DISONLY> and raspberries .||DISONLY
 Protean agonists .||NONE
Keys to receptor active states ? ||NONE
 Kinetic models of ion channels .||NONE
 Agonist efficacy and allosteric models of receptor action .||NONE
 Receptor Classification : The Integration of Operational , Structural , and Transductional Information .||NONE
Conference proceedings .||NONE
Verona , Italy , September 21-22 , 1995 .||NONE
 Policies for posting biomedical journal information on the Internet .||NONE
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors .||NONE
 Who understands the menopause ? ||NONE
 Comparison of two methods of screening for genital <DISONLY> chlamydial infection </DISONLY> in women attending in general practice : cross sectional survey .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Antimicrobial therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> neutropenia </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 MÃ1/4llerian agenesis : an update .||NONE
 The US attack on Cuba 's health .||NONE
 Patient consent for publication and the health of the public .||NONE
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Brain serotonin neurotoxicity </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and <DIS_SIDE_EFF> primary pulmonary hypertension </DIS_SIDE_EFF> from <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramine </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> and <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> dexfenfluramine </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 Battling <DISONLY> HI </DISONLY> on many fronts .||DISONLY
 Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act : good or bad ? ||NONE
 Fever of unknown origin .||NONE
 <TREAT> Moxonidine </TREAT> for <DIS> hypertension </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Researchers make slow headway in managing <DISONLY> dry mouth </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 A kinder , gentler approach .||NONE
 Putting patients first ? ||NONE
 Managing the anxious and phobic dental patient .||NONE
 Do it or lose it .||NONE
 Assessment of fetal nuchal translucency test for <DISONLY> Down 's syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Amiodarone </TREATONLY> and thyroid function .||TREATONLY
 <TREAT> Chemotherapy with praziquantel </TREAT> has the potential to reduce the prevalence of <DIS> Echinococcus multilocularis </DIS> in wild foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Death rates from <DISONLY> childhood leukaemia </DISONLY> near nuclear sites .||DISONLY
Other studies showed that radiation levels in Newbury area were low .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Haemoptysis </DISONLY> : a rare cause .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Human papillomavirus </DISONLY> types 52 and 58 are prevalent in <DISONLY> cervical cancer </DISONLY> from Chinese women .||DISONLY
 Breastfeeding after early discharge .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Malnutrition </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> microcephaly </DISONLY> in Australian aboriginal children .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> <TREAT_PREV> Probucol and multivitamins </TREAT_PREV> in the prevention of <DIS_PREV> restenosis </DIS_PREV> after coronary angioplasty .||TO_SEE
 Generalised <DISONLY> caseous lymphadenitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Public health approach to activated protein C resistance assay .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Hormone replacement therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Dose-volume histograms can be interpreted in different ways .||NONE
 Addressing needle-stick concerns .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Cervical cancer </DISONLY> screening .||DISONLY
 CyberCHEST .||NONE
 An open future .||NONE
 Keeping us on our toes ! ||NONE
 Thalidomide in oral Crohn 's disease refractory to conventional medical treatment .||NONE
 Mortality and length of stay in teaching vs nonteaching hospitals .||NONE
 Early discharge of newborns .||NONE
 Patient consent for publication .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Flucticasone propionate </TREATONLY> is safe in recommended doses ||TREATONLY
 Fetal nuchal translucency test for <DISONLY> Down 's syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Treatment of <DISONLY> hypertension </DISONLY> in elderly patients .||DISONLY
 Meta-analyses and large randomized , controlled trials .||NONE
 Low-fat diets .||NONE
 Ultrasonographic evaluation of <DISONLY> parathyroid hyperplasia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Misconceptions about <DISONLY> mosaicism </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Are normal hearing thresholds a sufficient condition for click-evoked otoacoustic emissions ? ||NONE
 Structure and in vitro substrate specificity of the murine multidrug resistance-associated protein .||NONE
 ATP-dependent transport of lipophilic cytotoxic drugs by membrane vesicles prepared from MRP-overexpressing HL60/ADR cells .||NONE
 Cellular and in vitro transport of glutathione conjugates by MRP .||NONE
 Dominant negative and cooperative effects of mutant forms of prolactin receptor .||NONE
 Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older .||NONE
 Infection control and contaminated waste disposal practices in Southern Sydney Area Health Service Dental Clinics .||NONE
 Vitamins and minerals : efficacy and safety .||NONE
 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ' infection control requirements : fact or fiction ? ||NONE
 Poppy tea and the baker 's first <DISONLY> seizure </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 ABC of mental health .||NONE
Mental health and the law .||NONE
 Female embryonic lethality in mice nullizygous for both Msh2 and p53 .||NONE
 Tests of the double-strand break , lethal-potentially lethal and repair-misrepair models for mammalian cell survival using data for survival as a function of delayed-plating interval for log-phase Chinese hamster V79 cells .||NONE
 Influence of physician confidentiality assurances on adolescents ' willingness to disclose information and seek future health care .||NONE
A randomized controlled trial .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Fever </DISONLY> in Africa : do patients know when they are hot ? ||DISONLY
 Randomised placebo-controlled trial of <TREAT> granulocyte-colony stimulating factor </TREAT> in <DIS> diabetic foot infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Systemic absorption of sunscreen after topical application .||NONE
 A comparison of <TREAT> continuous infusion of alteplase with double-bolus administration </TREAT> for <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The Continuous Infusion versus Double-Bolus Administration of Alteplase ( COBALT ) Investigators .||NONE
 Evaluation and management of <DISONLY> traumatic lacerations </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Atrial fibrillation </DISONLY> begets trouble .||DISONLY
 Ethics of HIV trials .||NONE
 The ethics industry .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Fever </DISONLY> in Africa and WHO recommendation .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> `` Whiplash '' injury </DISONLY> of the cervical spine : value of modern diagnostic imaging ||DISONLY
 Guidelines and cardiac anaesthetists .||NONE
 <TREAT> Antibiotic management </TREAT> of <DIS> sore throat </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_VAG> Lansoprazole </TREAT_VAG> , H. pylori , and <DIS_VAG> atrophic gastritis </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Help wanted : ultrasonographers .||NONE
 `` Children are not supposed to die .||NONE
'' Combined pediatric and radiation oncology grand rounds addresses severe illness and death .||NONE
 Structure-activity and mechanism studies on silicon phthalocyanines with Plasmodium falciparum in the dark and under red light .||NONE
 The importance of being where ? Balancing the perspective on practice coverage .||NONE
 Effects of <TREAT_VAG> dobutamine </TREAT_VAG> at maximally tolerated dose on myocardial blood flow in humans with <DIS_VAG> ischemic heart disease </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 <TREATONLY> Cholesterol-lowering therapy </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Ion composition of airway surface liquid of patients with <DISONLY> cystic fibrosis </DISONLY> as compared with normal and disease-control subjects .||DISONLY
 Research in Copenhagen hospitals -- a bibliometric evaluation ||NONE
 More on <DISONLY> infertility </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Dermatobia -- <DISONLY> tropical myiasis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Progressive sensorineural <DISONLY> hearing loss </DISONLY> , subjective <DISONLY> tinnitus </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> vertigo </DISONLY> caused by elevated blood lipids .||DISONLY
 Chronic <DISONLY> telogen effluvium </DISONLY> : potential complication for clinical trials in female <DISONLY> androgenetic alopecia </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_PREV> Measles </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> and inflammatory bowel disease .||TO_SEE
 Treatment of suicidal patients .||NONE
 The systemic <TREATONLY> amyloidoses </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <DIS> Cancer </DIS> <TREAT> therapy </TREAT> and tumor physiology .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Mutual relationships based on equality .||NONE
Specialists and nurses : the pillars of hospital care ||NONE
 Disability models in geriatrics : comprehensive rather than competing models should be promoted .||NONE
 Ethical issues in <TREATONLY> interventional radiology </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Taking issue with UK funding priorities .||NONE
 <TREAT> Phototherapeutic keratectomy </TREAT> in <DIS> recurrent corneal erosions </DIS> refractory to other forms of treatment .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Wegener 's granulomatosis </DISONLY> from infancy to adolescence .||DISONLY
 Hormonal responses to restraint in rhesus monkeys .||NONE
 Planned parenthood and artifical selection .||NONE
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Valvular heart disease </DIS_SIDE_EFF> associated with <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> fenfluramine-phentermine </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 The role of procedures in family practice : is there a right answer ? ||NONE
 <TREAT> Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint </TREAT> to salvage <DIS> failed silicone implant arthroplasty </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREATONLY> Methadone maintenance treatment </TREATONLY> : a Canadian perspective .||TREATONLY
 Survey on <DISONLY> rotavirus infections </DISONLY> in a German pediatric hospital .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Stroke </DISONLY> incidence rates among black residents of Harare -- a prospective community-based study .||DISONLY
 Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring : follow up of a randomised controlled trial .||NONE
 The catalytic role of carbon dioxide in the decomposition of peroxynitrite .||NONE
 Unethical trials of interventions to reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries .||NONE
 <TREAT> Ropinirole </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> early Parkinson 's disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The Ropinirole Study Group .||NONE
 DOTS -- are we over-optimistic ? ||NONE
 Activation at the germinal vesicle stage of starfish oocytes produces parthenogenetic development through the failure of polar body extrusion .||NONE
 Female genital mutilation : a contemporary issue , and a Victorian obsession .||NONE
 Early death amongst anaesthetists .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Fluoride treatment </TREATONLY> increased serum IGF-1 , bone turnover , and bone mass , but not bone strength , in rabbits .||TREATONLY
 Retrospective comparison of techniques to prevent <DIS_SIDE_EFF> secondary cataract formation </DIS_SIDE_EFF> after posterior chamber intraocular <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> lens implantation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> in infants and children .||SIDE_EFF
 Serotonin as a regulator of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal activity in teleost fish .||NONE
 Predicting functional appliance treatment outcome in Class II <DISONLY> malocclusions </DISONLY> -- a review .||DISONLY
 Effect of cereal fibre source and processing on rectal epithelial cell proliferation .||NONE
 Update : <DISONLY> influenza </DISONLY> activity -- worldwide , March-August 1997 .||DISONLY
 A drop in pediatric subject examination scores after curriculum changes that emphasize general pediatric topics .||NONE
 Paradigms and the rise ( or fall ? ) of molecular biology .||NONE
 Water fluoridation , <DISONLY> tooth decay </DISONLY> in 5 year olds , and social deprivation measured by the Jarman score : analysis of data from British dental surveys .||DISONLY
 The <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> audit and research in Tayside Scotland ( DARTS ) study : electronic record linkage to create a diabetes register .||DISONLY
DARTS/MEMO Collaboration .||NONE
 Pharmaceutical industry is invited to respond to amnesty for unreported trials .||NONE
 Should we screen for <DISONLY> gestational diabetes </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Vesico-uterine fistula </DIS_SIDE_EFF> -- a rare complication of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> vacuum extraction </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> in a patient with previous <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> caesarean section </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 Managing <DISONLY> endophthalmitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The plug and patch repair for managing the inguinal hernia of the adult ||NONE
 Human herpesvirus 8 variants in sarcoid tissues .||NONE
 Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with <DISONLY> schizophrenia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry .||NONE
 Practice parameters for the psychiatric assessment of infants and toddlers ( 0-36 months ) .||NONE
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry .||NONE
 Practice parameters for the forensic evaluation of children and adolescents who may have been physically or sexually abused .||NONE
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry .||NONE
 Practice parameters for the psychiatric assessment of children and adolescents .||NONE
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry .||NONE
 Alternative medicine .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Leprosy </DISONLY> beyond the year 2000 .||DISONLY
 Effect of <TREAT_VAG> danaparoid sodium </TREAT_VAG> on hard exudates in <DIS_VAG> diabetic retinopathy </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Lead based paint hazards in early childhood centres in the Wellington region .||NONE
 Gene technology and democracy .||NONE
 Use of <TREATONLY> statins </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Adequacy of SMAC 's statement should be judged by clinicians , not health economists .||NONE
Glasgow has already produced strategy for treatment .||NONE
Evidence on effectiveness is stronger for <TREATONLY> statins </TREATONLY> than for other treatments .||TREATONLY
 Evidence based advertising ? Half of drug advertisements in BMJ over six months cited no supporting evidence .||NONE
 <TREAT> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> bronchial asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Drugs for the Third World .||NONE
 Getting a handle on the molecules that guide axons .||NONE
 The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory retrieval .||NONE
 Re : `` Biologic synergism and parallelism '' .||NONE
 Shifting medical education from the icebox to the refrigerator .||NONE
 Reattendance and complications in a randomised trial of prescribing strategies for sore throat : the medicalising effect of prescribing antibiotics .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Pure alexia </DISONLY> could not be a disconnection syndrome .||DISONLY
 A randomized , double-blind , dose-response comparison of <TREATONLY> epidural fentanyl </TREATONLY> versus <TREATONLY> sufentanil analgesia </TREATONLY> after <TREATONLY> cesarean section </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <TO_SEE> Coronary artery problems during homograft aortic valve replacement : role of transesophageal echocardiography .||TO_SEE
 Spontaneous <DIS_SIDE_EFF> splenic rupture </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following administration of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> : occurrence in an allogeneic donor of peripheral blood stem cells .||SIDE_EFF
 Evidence-based medicine and general practice .||NONE
 Koch 's or Crohn 's ? ||NONE
 Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Clinical Guidelines Panel summary report on <TREAT> surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> female stress urinary incontinence </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The American Urological Association .||NONE
 Haemodynamic performance of a 16-mm Carbomedics aortic prosthesis .||NONE
 Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital .||NONE
Weekly clinicopathological exercises .||NONE
Case 30-1997 .||NONE
A preterm newborn female triplet with diffuse cystic changes in the left lung .||NONE
 Cure of <DISONLY> Helicobacter pylori infection </DISONLY> improves gastric acid secretion in patients with <DISONLY> corpus gastritis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> Increased incidence of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> preeclampsia </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in women conceiving by <TREAT> intrauterine insemination with donor versus partner sperm </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> primary infertility </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 <DISONLY> Pediatric cervical spine injury </DISONLY> sustained in falls from low heights .||DISONLY
 Prophylaxis after occupational exposure to HIV .||NONE
 How critical are critical values ? ||NONE
 Back from the dead : <TREAT> extracorporeal rewarming </TREAT> of <DIS> severe accidental hypothermia </DIS> victims in accident and emergency .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A classification of nucleotide-diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases based on amino acid sequence similarities .||NONE
 EU directive on <DISONLY> bovine spongiform encephalopathy </DISONLY> will not affect drugs .||DISONLY
 Management of patients with <DISONLY> HIV/AIDS </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Who should care ? ||NONE
 Anesthesiology .||NONE
Second of two parts .||NONE
 Overdrugging and undertreatment in primary health care .||NONE
 Transesophageal echocardiography probe holder .||NONE
 Pregnancy outcomes in women with <DISONLY> gestational diabetes </DISONLY> compared with the general obstetric population .||DISONLY
 Confidentiality as a barrier to treatment .||NONE
 Recombinant human DNase ( rhDNase ) influences phospholipid composition , surface activity , rheology and consecutively clearance indices of <DISONLY> cystic fibrosis </DISONLY> sputum .||DISONLY
 Palliative options of last resort : a comparison of voluntarily stopping eating and drinking , terminal sedation , physician-assisted suicide , and voluntary active euthanasia .||NONE
 Automation in cervical cytology : whose cost and whose benefit ? ||NONE
 Losing weight -- an ill-fated New Year 's resolution .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Lumbar puncture </DISONLY> need n't be a headache .||DISONLY
 Profiting from closure : the private finance initiative and the NHS .||NONE
 Incidence of <DISONLY> dog bite injuries </DISONLY> treated in emergency departments .||DISONLY
 Use of rotational movements to remove mandibular molars .||NONE
 Comparison of three methods used for assessment of <DISONLY> pain </DISONLY> in dogs .||DISONLY
 Randomised controlled trial of <TREAT> magnetic-resonance pelvimetry </TREAT> in <DIS> breech presentation at term </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Single-breath diffusing capacities for NO , CO and C18O2 in rabbits .||NONE
 Improved control will provide better quality .||NONE
Interview by Tom Heinemann .||NONE
 Case of the month .||NONE
Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists .||NONE
Cor pulmonale .||NONE
 Human papillomavirus in the woman with HIV .||NONE
Reducing risk is best strategy .||NONE
 The realpolitik of a new National Health Service for the UK .||NONE
 What is your diagnosis ? Foreign body in the abdomen .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Septic arthritis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Brain tumours </DISONLY> and mobile phones ? ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Lung cancer </DISONLY> , tobacco smoking and environmental factors in Denmark ||DISONLY
 Emergency department use as a component of total ambulatory care : a population perspective .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Occupational therapy </TREATONLY> and outcomes for older adults .||TREATONLY
 Anesthesiology .||NONE
 Low-molecular-weight heparins .||NONE
 Case 30-1997 : <DISONLY> pulmonary interstitial emphysema </DISONLY> in infancy .||DISONLY
 The tobacco settlement .||NONE
 Two actions are possible for doctors wanting to promote human welfare in Africa .||NONE
 Carcinogenesis in transgenic mouse models .||NONE
 Trouble in paradise .||NONE
 Atomic legacy in the Marshall Islands .||NONE
 The road to justice .||NONE
 Solvent solution .||NONE
 Role of free radicals , telomeres , and telomerases in aging and cancerogenesis ||NONE
 The effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium .||NONE
 Antibody class switch recombinase activity is B cell stage specific and functions stochastically in the absence of 'targeted accessibility ' control .||NONE
 Systematic review of prophylactic vs rescue surfactant .||NONE
 The safety-net role of international medical graduates .||NONE
 The prevalence of chemical substance and alcohol abuse in an obstetric population in Dublin .||NONE
 <DISONLY> schizophrenia </DISONLY> as failure of hemispheric dominance for language .||DISONLY
 Late prenatal ultrasound features of hydrometrocolpos secondary to <DISONLY> cloacal anomaly </DISONLY> : case reports and review of the literature .||DISONLY
 Familial and primary ( AL ) <DISONLY> cardiac amyloidosis </DISONLY> : echocardiographically similar diseases with distinctly different clinical outcomes .||DISONLY
 Diabetic retinopathy , promoter ( 4G/5G ) polymorphism of PAI-1 gene , and PAI-1 activity in Pima Indians with type 2 <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Evaluation of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in stable patients with <DISONLY> gunshot wounds </DISONLY> to the abdomen .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Cerebral abscesses </DISONLY> in a patient with <DISONLY> AIDS </DISONLY> caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) ||DISONLY
 A randomised comparison of the EuroQol and Short Form-36 after <DISONLY> stroke </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
United Kingdom collaborators in the International Stroke Trial .||NONE
 Clinical significance of <DISONLY> Blastocystis hominis infection </DISONLY> : epidemiologic study ||DISONLY
 Karolinska Institute rocked by research misconduct .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> Hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency in fatal hyperammonemia after lung transplantation .||TO_SEE
 Where next in the treatment of <DISONLY> rectal cancer </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 GAPS ( AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services ) ||NONE
 Protocols for wound management .||NONE
 Chronic <DISONLY> leg ulcers </DISONLY> : beware the 'wolf in sheep 's clothing ! '. ||DISONLY
 Role of <TREAT> fine needle aspiration cytology </TREAT> in the management of the <DIS> discrete parotid lump </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 More than 20 years second-look <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> in <DIS> advanced epithelial ovarian cancer </DIS> : what did we learn ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Evaluating <TREATONLY> prostate needle biopsy </TREATONLY> : therapeutic and prognostic importance .||TREATONLY
 Sudden <DISONLY> cryptococcal deafness </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced <TREATONLY> vancomycin </TREATONLY> susceptibility .||TREATONLY
 HIV and <DISONLY> AIDS </DISONLY> awareness : an evaluation of a short training programme for midwives .||DISONLY
 What investigations and procedures do patients in hospices want ? Interview based survey of patients and their nurses .||NONE
 Occupational <DISONLY> asthma </DISONLY> due to porcine pancreatic amylase .||DISONLY
 Double-blind study of <TREAT_VAG> pulsing magnetic field </TREAT_VAG> effects on <DIS_VAG> multiple sclerosis </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 CDA opposes proposed HBV recommendations .||NONE
 The influence of <DISONLY> allergy </DISONLY> and smoking on the sulphation of nasal mucins .||DISONLY
 Clinical problem-solving .||NONE
A hidden agenda .||NONE
 A comparison of the early outcome of acute <DISONLY> myocardial infarction </DISONLY> in women and men .||DISONLY
The Third International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group .||NONE
 Management of life-threatening <DISONLY> acid-base disorders </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Second of two parts .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> Freeze-dried cortical allograft in posterior spinal arthrodesis : use with segmental instrumentation for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis .||TO_SEE
 Removal of a broken solid-core intramedullary femoral nail using both antegrade and retrograde starting points .||NONE
 Do no harm .||NONE
<TREATONLY> Thalidomide </TREATONLY> , laser cavity preparation and oral hydrogen peroxide .||TREATONLY
 Emergency ! <DISONLY> Meningococcal disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 First the bad news ... .||NONE
 Does <DISONLY> hyperglycemia </DISONLY> really cause <DISONLY> coronary heart disease </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 Diagnosis and therapy of primary <DISONLY> stomach lymphoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Consensus of the Surgical Working Group for Oncology , the Working Group for Medical Oncology and the Working Group for Radiologic Oncology ||NONE
 Rate of RhD sensitisation before and after implementation of a community based antenatal prophylaxis programme .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Ovine Johne 's disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Effect of HAART on natural history of <DISONLY> AIDS-related opportunistic disorders </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Psoas abscess </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Diagnosed if suspected .||NONE
 Breastfeeding and catch-up growth in infants born small for gestational age .||NONE
 Health practices of critical care nurses : are these nurses good role models for patients ? ||NONE
 Testing for <DIS_VAG> Helicobacter pylori infection </DIS_VAG> after <TREAT_VAG> antibiotic treatment </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Bullous eruption in a patient with <DISONLY> systemic lupus erythematosus </DISONLY> : <DISONLY> mite dermatitis </DISONLY> caused by Cheyletiella blakei .||DISONLY
 A case-control study of cytochrome P450 1A1 , glutathione S-transferase M1 , cigarette smoking and lung cancer susceptibility ( Massachusetts , United States ) ||NONE
 Association between <TREAT_VAG> thrombolytic treatment </TREAT_VAG> and the prognosis of hemodynamically stable patients with <DIS_VAG> major pulmonary embolism </DIS_VAG> : results of a multicenter registry . ||VAGUE
 <DISONLY> Metastatic malignant mesothelioma </DISONLY> presenting as colonic polyps .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Microelectrode-guided posteroventral pallidotomy </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> Parkinson 's disease </DIS> : postoperative magnetic resonance imaging analysis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A positive cannabinoids workplace drug test following the ingestion of commercially available hemp seed oil .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Congenital diaphragmatic hernia </DISONLY> : what happens after discharge ? ||DISONLY
 Goldilocks and Mrs .||NONE
Ilych : a critical look at the `` philosophy of hospice '' .||NONE
 Sensitivity and specificity of the neonatal brain-stem auditory evoked potential for hearing and language deficits in survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation .||NONE
 The Federated Council of Internal Medicine 's resource guide for residency education : an instrument for curricular change .||NONE
 A reluctant doctor shopper .||NONE
 Frequent users of emergency services ||NONE
 Localized <DISONLY> Darier disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Implications for genetic studies .||NONE
 Follow up after potential curative <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> of <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Guidelines from the Norwegian Gastrointestinal Cancer Group ||NONE
 The prison patient .||NONE
 Fulminant <DISONLY> hepatic failure </DISONLY> in <DISONLY> murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection </DISONLY> : tissue-specific expression of a novel fgl2 prothrombinase .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Lung volume reduction surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> emphysema </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The use and effects of postcoital contraception ||NONE
 Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : apocalypse now ? ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Reflex sympathetic dystrophy </DISONLY> : fact and fiction .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Acute hydrocephalus </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> brain abscess </DISONLY> in <DISONLY> Listeria monocytogenes meningitis </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Antisense suppression of 4-coumarate : coenzyme A ligase activity in Arabidopsis leads to altered lignin subunit composition .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> Alopecia as a consequence of tacrolimus therapy in renal transplantation ? ||TO_SEE
 Implementation of pharmaceutical practice guidelines .||NONE
 In vitro interactions of oxidatively modified LDL with type I , II , III , IV , and V collagen , laminin , fibronectin , and poly-D-lysine .||NONE
 Factors influencing blood flow in the optic nerve head .||NONE
 Mutations of the Drosophila dDP , dE2F , and cyclin E genes reveal distinct roles for the E2F-DP transcription factor and cyclin E during the G1-S transition .||NONE
 SYT-SSX gene fusion as a determinant of morphology and prognosis in synovial sarcoma .||NONE
 A rapid molecular method ( polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers ) to genotype for ABO blood group and secretor status and its potential for <TREATONLY> organ transplants </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 A population-based registry on <DISONLY> paraproteinaemia </DISONLY> in The Netherlands .||DISONLY
Comprehensive Cancer Centre West , Leiden , The Netherlands .||NONE
 Intra- and inter-individual biological variability data bank .||NONE
 Genetic testing for <DISONLY> cancer </DISONLY> risk : how to reconcile the conflicts .||DISONLY
 Run-in periods in randomized trials : implications for the application of results in clinical practice .||NONE
 Rapid and ultrarapid <TREATONLY> opioid detoxification </TREATONLY> techniques .||TREATONLY
 Fulminant <TREATONLY> hepatitis </TREATONLY> associated with <TREATONLY> hepatitis A virus superinfection </TREATONLY> in patients with chronic <TREATONLY> hepatitis C </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 The <TREATONLY> Overactive Bladder </TREATONLY> : From Basic Science to Clinical Management Consensus Conference .||TREATONLY
Proceedings .||NONE
London , England , June 29 , 1997 .||NONE
 Techniques for <TREATONLY> erbium : YAG laser skin resurfacing </TREATONLY> : initial pearls from the first 100 patients .||TREATONLY
 Predicting changes in the distribution of <DIS_VAG> sweating </DIS_VAG> following <TREAT_VAG> thoracoscopic sympathectomy </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 The AACC Lectureship Award Address .||NONE
The market for health care : where is the patient ? ||NONE
 Human fetal pituitary expresses functional growth hormone-releasing peptide receptors .||NONE
 The Bizarro world of <TREATONLY> osteodistraction </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 A piece of my mind .||NONE
Leaders or lemmings ? ||NONE
 Sales of food aid as sign of distress , not excess .||NONE
 Gastrointestinal absorption of metals .||NONE
 Embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cell biology .||NONE
 <TREAT> Shark cartilage </TREAT> for <DIS> cancer </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The role of the school in the management of <DISONLY> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Photorepair mutants of Arabidopsis .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Toxic shock syndrome </DISONLY> without <DISONLY> rash </DISONLY> in a young child : link with syndrome of <DISONLY> hemorrhagic shock </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> encephalopathy </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 Mediastinal growing <DISONLY> teratoma syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Structure and expression of the chicken calmodulin I gene .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Fibromyalgia </DISONLY> -- out of control ? ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Fibromyalgia </DISONLY> : La Maladie est Morte .||DISONLY
Vive le Malade ! ||NONE
 Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events : comparison of two protocols .||NONE
 The ethics of genetic research on sexual orientation .||NONE
 <TREAT> Testicular sperm retrieval by percutaneous fine needle sperm aspiration </TREAT> compared with <TREAT> testicular sperm extraction by open biopsy </TREAT> in men with <DIS> non-obstructive azoospermia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Cyclin D1 overexpression in <DISONLY> malignant lymphomas </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Patient safety and scented pediatric anesthesia facemasks .||NONE
 Ion channels .||NONE
 SHARPs : mammalian enhancer-of-split- and hairy-related proteins coupled to neuronal stimulation .||NONE
 Complementary and alternative medicine : friend , foe , or OWA ? ||NONE
 <TREATONLY> Ondansetron </TREATONLY> is not a panacea ||TREATONLY
 Masking , blinding , and peer review : the blind leading the blinded .||NONE
 Human cervico-facial morphogenesis .||NONE
Evaluation of acquired data and current outlook .||NONE
( Part 1 : facial morphogenesis ) ||NONE
 The effect of <TREAT> TRK-530 </TREAT> on experimental <DIS> arthritis </DIS> in mice .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Spontaneous exfoliation of teeth following severe elemental <DISONLY> mercury poisoning </DISONLY> : case report and histological investigation for mechanism .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Small cell lung cancer </DISONLY> can express CD34 antigen .||DISONLY
 X inactivation in females with <DISONLY> X-linked disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Report of spores of Henneguya salminicola ( Myxozoa ) in human stool specimens : possible source of confusion with human spermatozoa .||NONE
 Evaluation of a <TREAT_PREV> ventilation strategy </TREAT_PREV> to prevent <DIS_PREV> barotrauma </DIS_PREV> in patients at high risk for <DIS_PREV> acute respiratory distress syndrome </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
Pressure- and Volume-Limited Ventilation Strategy Group .||NONE
 Audit commission tackles anaesthetic services .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Abdominal tuberculosis </DISONLY> involving hepatic hilar lymph nodes .||DISONLY
A cause of <DISONLY> portal vein thrombosis </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> portal hypertension </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Treatment of men with <DIS> paraphilia </DIS> with a long-acting <TREAT> analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Analgesic nephropathy </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Translocations of 11q13 in <DISONLY> mantle cell lymphoma </DISONLY> fail to disrupt the S mu bp-2 gene .||DISONLY
 Variation in proficiency testing performance by testing site .||NONE
 <TREATONLY> The `` H '' graft </TREATONLY> : an alternative approach for performing minimally invasive <TREATONLY> direct coronary artery bypass </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Effect of <TREAT_VAG> interferon </TREAT_VAG> on <DIS_VAG> hepatitis B </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Health insurance for children -- a model for incremental health reform ? ||NONE
 Distinction awards and racial discrimination .||NONE
 Potential biases were not taken into account in study of waiting times .||NONE
 Factors affecting uptake of antenatal HIV testing in London : results of a multicentre study .||NONE
 Coronary arterioluminal communications in routine angiography .||NONE
 Peptide nucleic acid ( PNA ) from DNA recognition to antisense and DNA structure .||NONE
 <TREAT> Homeopathy </TREAT> for <DIS> postoperative ileus </DIS> ? A meta-analysis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DISONLY> postmenopausal osteoporosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Fascioloidiasis </DISONLY> in game-ranched elk from Montana .||DISONLY
 Connexin-26 mutations in sporadic <DISONLY> non-syndromal sensorineural deafness </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Lyme disease </DISONLY> presenting as <DISONLY> Tourette 's syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The screening muddle .||NONE
 Treatment of hypertensive patients with <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 China 's human-organ trade highlighted by US arrest of `` salesman '' .||NONE
 Dimension in defining <DISONLY> tumor </DISONLY> response .||DISONLY
 Administration of <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> dexamethasone </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> induces <DIS_SIDE_EFF> proteinuria </DIS_SIDE_EFF> of glomerular origin in mice .||SIDE_EFF
 Preoperative thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor activity predicts early <DISONLY> graft thrombosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Hypertension </DISONLY> treatment and control in sub-Saharan Africa : the epidemiological basis for policy .||DISONLY
 Needle-exchange programmes in the USA .||NONE
 A discriminant function for <DISONLY> preeclampsia </DISONLY> : case-control study of minor hemoglobins , red cell enzymes , and clinical laboratory values .||DISONLY
 Patterning of immobilized antibody layers via photolithography and oxygen plasma exposure .||NONE
 A cell-based immunobiosensor with engineered molecular recognition -- Part II : Enzyme amplification systems .||NONE
 Evanescent wave fibre optic sensor for detection of L. donovani specific antibodies in sera of kala azar patients .||NONE
 Multianalyte biosensors on optical imaging bundles .||NONE
 Specific binding of low molecular weight ligands with direct optical detection .||NONE
 Amperometric lactate oxidase catheter for real-time lactate monitoring based on thin film technology .||NONE
 Dual-fractal analysis for antigen -- antibody binding kinetics for biosensor applications .||NONE
 Dipstick only urinalysis screen for the pediatric emergency room .||NONE
 Cytoplasmic transport in Drosophila ovarian follicles : the migration of microinjected fluorescent probes through intercellular bridges depends neither on electrical charge nor on external osmolarity .||NONE
 Further evidence for the importance of an androgen response element in the factor IX promoter .||NONE
 The obstetric experience of carriers of <DISONLY> haemophilia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Acquired <DISONLY> haemophilia </DISONLY> , an unusual cause of severe <DISONLY> postpartum haemorrhage </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Zoonotic and <DISONLY> viral infection </DISONLY> in fetal loss after 12 weeks .||DISONLY
 High-affinity binding of the neonatal Fc receptor to its IgG ligand requires receptor immobilization .||NONE
 Molecular distances from dipolar coupled spin-labels : the global analysis of multifrequency continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance data .||NONE
 Computer science and biology -- the German Conference on Bioinformatics ( GCB'96 ) .||NONE
 Surface plasmon resonance analysis of topoisomerase I-DNA binding : effect of Mg2+ and DNA sequence .||NONE
 The 1996 list .||NONE
Proposed new bacterial taxa and proposed changes of bacterial names published during 1996 and considered to be of interest to medical or veterinary bacteriology .||NONE
An informational note .||NONE
 The 1995 list .||NONE
Proposed new bacterial taxa and proposed changes of bacterial names published during 1995 and considered to be of interest to medical or veterinary bacteriology .||NONE
An informational note .||NONE
 Biobehavioral <DISONLY> pain </DISONLY> research : a multi-institute assessment of cross-cutting issues and research needs .||DISONLY
 Use of surface plasmon resonance to probe the equilibrium and dynamic aspects of interactions between biological macromolecules .||NONE
 ABC of mental health .||NONE
<DISONLY> Psychosexual problems </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Hazards of running a marathon .||NONE
Troponin-T concentrations should be measured .||NONE
 Second Strang International Cancer Conference : genetics and the environment New York , USA , 15-16 November 1996 .||NONE
 Use of a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale in the measurement and assessment of aggressive behaviours following <DISONLY> brain injury </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Ectopic pregnancy </DISONLY> recurrence : role of gynecologic , obstetric , contraceptive and smoking history ||DISONLY
 AIDS : a world , a desire ||NONE
 Urogynaecology proceedings of the joint RCOG/BAUS urogynaecology meeting .||NONE
19 September 1996 .||NONE
 The naming of a syndrome .||NONE
 The use of implantable venous access devices ( IVADs ) in children with <DISONLY> hemophilia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Nephrotic syndrome </DISONLY> associated with <DISONLY> hypocomplementemia </DISONLY> in a 4-year-old boy with <DISONLY> hemophilia B </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Growth hormone secretion in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative hemophilic males with abnormal growth and pubertal development .||NONE
The Hemophilia Growth and Development Study .||NONE
 Trends in HIV counseling and testing of clients attending a public sexually transmitted disease clinic in Portland , Oregon , 1989-1995 .||NONE
 Risk factors for <DISONLY> HIV-1 infection </DISONLY> among pregnant women in French Guiana .||DISONLY
 Angiogenesis in <DISONLY> inflammatory disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Epidemiology and association with <DISONLY> extra-gastrointestinal diseases </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Extra-gastrointestinal diseases </DISONLY> and Helicobacter pylori .||DISONLY
 Update on Helicobacter pylori research .||NONE
Diagnosis .||NONE
 Uptake on Helicobacter pylori research .||NONE
Pathogenesis and host response .||NONE
 Update on Helicobacter pylori research .||NONE
Malignancies .||NONE
 Update on Helicobacter pylori research .||NONE
<DISONLY> Dyspepsia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Update on Helicobacter pylori research .||NONE
Eradication .||NONE
 Sequence analysis of the 36-kb region between gntZ and trnY genes of Bacillus subtilis genome .||NONE
 A review of interferon immunogenicity .||NONE
Based on a roundtable workshop held in London , United Kingdom , 9 February 1996 .||NONE
 Histologic diagnosis of <DISONLY> chronic hepatitis </DISONLY> , grading and staging ||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Inositol </TREAT> treatment of <DIS> autism </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Current progress in early pregnancy investigation .||NONE
 Truncated-gene reporter system for studying the regulation of manganese peroxidase expression .||NONE
 Disparate sequence characteristics of the Erysiphe graminis f.sp .||NONE
hordei glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene .||NONE
 The Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation .||NONE
Proceedings of a conference .||NONE
Washington , DC , USA .||NONE
March 14-17 , 1996 .||NONE
 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on the Pharmacology of Thermoregulation .||NONE
Memphis , Tennessee , USA .||NONE
August 17-22 , 1996 .||NONE
 Neuropeptides in Development and Aging .||NONE
Proceedings of a conference .||NONE
Breckenridge , Colorado , USA .||NONE
February 3-6 , 1996 .||NONE
 Receptor Classification : The Integration of Operational , Structural , and Transductional Information .||NONE
Proceedings of a conference .||NONE
Verona , Italy , September 21-22 , 1995 .||NONE
 Psychobiology of <DISONLY> Postraumatic Stress Disorder </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Proceedings of a conference .||NONE
New York , New York , USA .||NONE
September 7-10 , 1996 .||NONE
 Adolescent Gynecology and Endocrinology : Basic and Clinical Aspects .||NONE
Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress .||NONE
Athens , Greece , December 6-9 , 1995 .||NONE
 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents : Clinical and Experimental Aspects .||NONE
Lake Como , Italy , September 9-12 , 1996 .||NONE
 Exon/intron structure of the human AF-4 gene , a member of the AF-4/LAF-4/FMR-2 gene family coding for a nuclear protein with structural alterations in acute <DISONLY> leukaemia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Cloning and characterization of a neural cell recognition molecule on axons of the retinotectal system and spinal cord .||NONE
 Identification , localization , and expression of two novel human genes similar to deoxyribonuclease I. ||NONE
 Drug resistance during <TREATONLY> indinavir therapy </TREATONLY> is caused by mutations in the protease gene and in its Gag substrate cleavage sites .||TREATONLY
 A protein with a novel calcium-binding domain associated with calcareous corpuscles in <DISONLY> Echinococcus granulosus </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Oncogenic raf-1 induces the expression of non-histone chromosomal architectural protein HMGI-C via a p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway in salivary epithelial cells .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Pendred syndrome </DISONLY> is caused by mutations in a putative sulphate transporter gene ( PDS ) .||DISONLY
 Meis2 , a novel mouse Pbx-related homeobox gene induced by retinoic acid during differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells .||NONE
 Proceedings of the VIIIth International Conference on the Na/K-ATPase and Related Transport ATPases .||NONE
Mar del Plata , Argentina , August 26-30 , 1996 .||NONE
 Targeted development of microsatellite markers from the defined region of bovine chromosome 6q21-31 .||NONE
 Genetic population structure in the yellow mongoose , Cynictis penicillata .||NONE
 ETTIN patterns the Arabidopsis floral meristem and reproductive organs .||NONE
 Ancient DNA from amber fossil bees ? ||NONE
 The histone H1 genes of the dipteran insect , Chironomus thummi , fall under two divergent classes and encode proteins with distinct intranuclear distribution and potentially different functions .||NONE
 Characterization of the orf31-petG gene cluster from the plastid genome of Populus deltoides .||NONE
 Xenopus Pax-2 displays multiple splice forms during embryogenesis and pronephric kidney development .||NONE
 International Workshop on Bone Research in Space .||NONE
Tokyo , Japan , November 11-13 , 1996 .||NONE
Proceedings .||NONE
 Joint meeting of the Benelux Society for Microcirculation and the Gesellschaft fÃ1/4r Mikrozirkulation e.V .||NONE
Mainz , Germany , October 23-25 , 1997 .||NONE
Abstracts .||NONE
 3rd Congress of the French Society of <TREATONLY> Blood Transfusion </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
Marseille , France , 28-30 April 1998 ||NONE
 Central and East European Regional INTERASMA Conference .||NONE
Budapest , Hungary , August 24-27 , 1997 .||NONE
 Summary of symposium , antisense oligonucleotides : strategies and successes .||NONE
Sarasota , Florida , USA .||NONE
April 21 , 1995 .||NONE
 International forensic science and justice .||NONE
 Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the Socià ( c ) tà ( c ) de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Cellulaire and the Socià ( c ) tà ( c ) Française de Toxicologie Gà ( c ) nà ( c ) tique .||NONE
Paris , France , March 6-7 , 1997 .||NONE
 The Italian Association for the Study of <DISONLY> Glaucoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Proceedings of the 12th annual general meeting .||NONE
Rapallo , Italy , 14-15 March 1997 .||NONE
 Report of the 61st National Scientific Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology , Washington DC , 8-12 November 1997 .||NONE
 Topical dictionary ||NONE
 USAN Council .||NONE
List No .||NONE
404 .||NONE
New names .||NONE
Nagrestipen .||NONE
 Proposed genetic nomenclature rules for Tetrahymena thermophila , Paramecium primaurelia and Paramecium tetraurelia .||NONE
The Seventh International Meeting on Ciliate Molecular Biology Genetics Nomenclature .||NONE
 Joint annual session of the North German Society of Radiology and the Radiology Society of Lower Saxony and Sachsen Anhalt .||NONE
Kiel , 20-21 February 1998 .||NONE
Abstracts ||NONE
 Neurone development and death , from a cell biologist 's perspective .||NONE
 3rd Neurotrauma/Polytrauma Symposium .||NONE
Cologne , Germany , March 14-15 , 1998 .||NONE
Abstracts ||NONE
 Neuroimmunomodulation : Molecular Aspects , Integrative Systems , and Clinical Advances .||NONE
Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the International Society of NeuroImmunoModulation ( ISNIM ) .||NONE
Bethesda , Maryland , USA .||NONE
November 13-15 , 1996 .||NONE
 8th European Meeting on Dysmorphology .||NONE
Strasbourg , France , 3-6 September 1997 .||NONE
Abstracts .||NONE
 EU Working Group on Tobacco and Oral Health Consensus Meeting .||NONE
Copenhagen , 23-26 October 1997 .||NONE
Abstracts .||NONE
 Presentations from the 2nd NIH Symposium on Therapeutic Oligonucleotides : Targeting Transcription Factors and Signaling Pathways .||NONE
Bethesda , Maryland , USA .||NONE
December 5 , 1997 .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Infectious diseases </DISONLY> : their impact on dentistry .||DISONLY
 What 's new in protein folding ? EMBO workshop : protein folding and misfolding inside and outside the cell .||NONE
 Meeting of the European forum of nurses .||NONE
 17th European Workshop on the Cell Biology of Phagocytes .||NONE
Catania , Italy , May 27-31 , 1998 .||NONE
Abstracts .||NONE
 Onset of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge : diurnal timing and critical follicular prerequisites .||NONE
 Municipal animal control ordinances -- some legal issues .||NONE
 Psychosexual care in a multi-ethnic society .||NONE
 Serologic evidence for mother-to-child transmission of <DISONLY> Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Brandon/Hill selected list of nursing books and journals .||NONE
 Retraction .||NONE
The TSG101 tumor susceptibility gene is located in chromosome 11 band p15 and is mutated in human <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 An omission .||NONE
 Indoor pollution and health ||NONE
 Dioxins : current knowledge about health effects ||NONE
 Influence of environmental factors on fertility : example of the diminution of sperm quality ||NONE
 New developments in the treatment of <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> hyperlipidemias </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Role of <TREAT> beta-blockers </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> cardiac insufficiency </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Which <TREAT> calcium antagonists </TREAT> for <DIS> hypertension </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Correct use of <TREAT> serotonin agonists </TREAT> in <DIS> migraine </DIS> : oral or injectable form ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Overtraining and recovery .||NONE
A conceptual model .||NONE
 Saliva composition and exercise .||NONE
 Lipid metabolism during exercise .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Golf injuries </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
An overview .||NONE
 Prevention of <DISONLY> ankle injuries </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Academic medicine -- alternative medicine from the viewpoint of public health public health directors ||NONE
 Academic medicine and complementary medicine -- campaign for the truth in medical theories ||NONE
 The academic medicine -- alternative medicine tension field ||NONE
 Are academic medicine-alternative medicine incompatible , compatible , complementary ? ||NONE
 Research in complementary medicine : results and problems ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Subcutaneous hematomas </DISONLY> , reduced Quick value .||DISONLY
<DISONLY> Factor VII deficiency </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Mononucleosis infectiosa </DISONLY> ( <DISONLY> Epstein-Barr virus infection </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Morphology and molecular biology of malignant <DISONLY> soft tissue sarcomas </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Surgical aspects in the multidisciplinary treatment of <DISONLY> soft tissue sarcomas </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> soft tissue sarcomas </DIS> : principles of <TREAT> resection </TREAT> and reconstructive plastic procedures ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Adjuvant chemotherapy </TREAT> in early <DIS> soft tissue sarcoma </DIS> and <TREAT> palliative chemotherapy </TREAT> in advanced <DIS> soft tissue sarcoma </DIS> in adults ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Radiotherapy </TREAT> of <DIS> soft tissue sarcomas </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Spinal muscular atrophy </DISONLY> : where are we in 1998 ? ||DISONLY
 Diseases transmitted by non-conventional agents ( `` prions '' ) : nosology and diagnosis ||NONE
 A note on the epidemiology of <DISONLY> Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Biology of non-conventional transmissible agents or prions ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Cerebral hemosiderosis </DISONLY> related to hereditary <DISONLY> ceruloplasmin deficiency </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Clinical familial case study ||NONE
 Intramedullary metastases of <DISONLY> bronchogenic carcinoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Two cases ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Nervous system borreliosis </DISONLY> with pseudo-lymphoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid ||DISONLY
 Epidural and intramedullary abscess of acute onset ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Cranial nerve injuries </DISONLY> during multifocal neuropathies with persistent conduction blocks ||DISONLY
 Cytokines and peripheral neuropathies ||NONE
 Clinical diagnosis of <DISONLY> frontotemporal dementia </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Study of <DISONLY> cortical atrophy </DISONLY> with magnetic resonance imaging in <DISONLY> corticobasal degeneration </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe <DISONLY> epilepsy </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Eosinophilic meningitis </DISONLY> due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis ||DISONLY
 Case of <DIS> superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system </DIS> treated with <TREAT> trientine </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Germinal tumor metastases </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Case report ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Bradycardia </DISONLY> : an unrecognized complication of some epileptic crises ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Facial </DISONLY> palsy relevant to HIV seropositivity ||DISONLY
 Pneumosinus dilatans : a little-known diagnostic tool ||NONE
 Current status of <DISONLY> mitochondrial diseases </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Vascular Parkinson syndromes </DISONLY> : a controversial concept ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Epilepsy </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> psychiatric disorders </DISONLY> : epidemiological data ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Auditory perception disorders </DISONLY> due to <DISONLY> bilateral cortical lesions </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
An electrophysiology study ||NONE
 <TREAT> Zinc gluconate lozenges </TREAT> for treating the <DIS> common cold </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Body weight and mortality among women .||NONE
 Survey and assessment of the actual state of routine measurement of glycohaemoglobin/GHb by commercial methods : warning to the users and the providers .||NONE
 The radiological investigation of suspected lower limb <DISONLY> deep vein thrombosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 p53 mutations in BRCA1-associated familial <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Metronidazole </TREATONLY> ( Flagyl ) ||TREATONLY
 The Preterm Prediction Study : association of <TREATONLY> cesarean delivery </TREATONLY> with increases in maternal weight and body mass index .||TREATONLY
 Controversies in hydrating the terminally ill patient .||NONE
 Frequency and significance of antinuclear antibodies in <DISONLY> multiple sclerosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in <DISONLY> hematologic malignancies </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Generation of diversity in mammalian gut-associated lymphoid tissues : restricted V gene usage does not preclude complex V gene organization .||NONE
 A major non-LTR retrotransposon of Bombyx mori , L1Bm .||NONE
 Algae or protozoa : phylogenetic position of euglenophytes and dinoflagellates as inferred from mitochondrial sequences .||NONE
 Structure and function of the long terminal repeats of feline leukemia viruses derived from naturally occurring <DISONLY> acute myeloid leukemias </DISONLY> in cats .||DISONLY
 Use of <TREAT> protein-C concentrate , heparin , and haemodiafiltration </TREAT> in <DIS> meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Satellite DNA repeat sequence variation is low in three species of burying beetles in the genus Nicrophorus ( Coleoptera : Silphidae ) .||NONE
 The importance of patient registration and processing .||NONE
 Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on glucose regulation .||NONE
 Genomic sequence of a <DISONLY> Lyme disease </DISONLY> spirochaete , Borrelia burgdorferi .||DISONLY
 Interaction between electronic article surveillance systems and implantable defibrillators : insights from a fourth generation ICD .||NONE
 Human bodily health and the common good .||NONE
Proposals for action by individuals and the Catholic Church .||NONE
 Invited commentary : le mystère de Montrà ( c ) al. ||NONE
 Why Oedipus and not Christ ? : a psychoanalytic inquiry into innocence , human sacrifice , and the sacred -- Part I : Innocence , spirituality , and human sacrifice .||NONE
 Equine dinucleotide repeat loci LEX049-LEX063 .||NONE
 Molecular systematics of tanagers ( Thraupinae ) : evolution and biogeography of a diverse radiation of neotropical birds .||NONE
 Expression of cytokeratin 20 in urinary cytology of patients with <DISONLY> bladder carcinoma </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 A family of highly repetitive DNAs from `` ginbuna '' ( Carassius auratus langsdorfi ) genome common to Carassius auratus populations .||NONE
 Characterization of cDNA clones in size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain .||NONE
 <TO_SEE> Respiratory arrest following peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery : case report and review of the literature .||TO_SEE
 Mouse LIM-kinase 2 gene : cDNA cloning , genomic organization , and tissue-specific expression of two alternatively initiated transcripts .||NONE
 A gross and microscopic study of <DISONLY> cerebral injuries </DISONLY> accompanying maxillofacial high-velocity <DISONLY> projectile wounding </DISONLY> in dogs .||DISONLY
 Does this patient have a mole or a <DISONLY> melanoma </DISONLY> ? ||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Methotrexate </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> trimethoprim </TREATONLY> : a fatal interaction .||TREATONLY
 <DISONLY> Pellagra </DISONLY> and the origin of a myth : evidence from European literature and folklore .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Absorbable suture technique </TREATONLY> : solution to the growth problem in pediatric pacing with endocardial leads .||TREATONLY
 Undergraduate orthodontic education : what should we teach rather than what can we teach ? ||NONE
 Genetic variation in the dimorphic regions of RAP-1 genes and rap-1 loci of <DISONLY> Babesia bigemina </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 History -- a living museum .||NONE
Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard .||NONE
 Gastric site of <DISONLY> epidermoid carcinoma </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Hypodermic needles in the neuropathic foot of a patient with <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Helicobacter pylori -- more light , less heat .||NONE
 A national survey of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in the United States .||NONE
 Death is a journey to be undertaken .||NONE
 Replicated declines in assault rates after implementation of the Assaulted Staff Action Program .||NONE
 Positive patch test to cocamidopropyl betaine in a hairdresser .||NONE
 Management of <DISONLY> dyslipidemia </DISONLY> in adults with <DISONLY> diabetes </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
American Diabetes Association .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Acute diverticulitis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Investigation of the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel in intact and permeabilized spheroplasts .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Acute sciatica </DISONLY> with an infective cause .||DISONLY
 An ecologic analysis of <DISONLY> psychosocial stress </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> heart disease </DISONLY> in British Columbia .||DISONLY
 Human leukocyte antigen frequencies in a selected group of Lebanese Greek Orthodox .||NONE
 Alcohol and the heart .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome </DISONLY> with pregnancy .||DISONLY
 Will the real plastic surgeon please stand up ? ||NONE
 Modulation of ultraviolet light-induced <DIS> epidermal damage </DIS> : beneficial effects of <TREAT> tocopherol </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A survey of the attitudes of chronic psychiatric patients living in the community toward their medication .||NONE
 Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin : II .||NONE
Effects on the pup and the adult .||NONE
 Renal ultrasonography : a procedure for nephrologists .||NONE
 Use of <TREAT> cisapride </TREAT> in treatment of <DIS> constipation </DIS> in children .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Bilateral sampling of the internal jugular vein to distinguish between mechanisms of adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent <DISONLY> Cushing syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The influence of patients ' hopes of receiving a prescription on doctors ' perceptions and the decision to prescribe : a questionnaire survey .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Coronary endothelial dysfunction </DISONLY> in humans is associated with <DISONLY> myocardial perfusion defects </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Medical devices and the year 2000 problem .||NONE
 Internists ' and surgeons ' attitudes toward guns and firearm injury prevention .||NONE
 Firearm injury prevention .||NONE
American College of Physicians .||NONE
 Management of <DISONLY> vaginal vault prolapse </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Death rates of characters in soap operas on British television : is a government health warning required ? ||NONE
 Child sexual abuse : when a doctor 's duty to report abuse conflicts with a duty of confidentiality to the victim .||NONE
 Tissue adhesives -- revisited .||NONE
 Racial discrimination in the allocation of distinction awards ? Analysis of list of award holders by type of award , specialty and region .||NONE
 Multicenter study of <TREAT> surfactant ( beractant ) </TREAT> use in the treatment of term infants with <DIS> severe respiratory failure </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Survanta in Term Infants Study Group .||NONE
 Consultation section .||NONE
<DISONLY> Cataract </DISONLY> surgical problem .||DISONLY
 Changing the law on decision making for mentally incapacitated adults .||NONE
 The coding audit .||NONE
 Providing primary care in the accident and emergency department .||NONE
 Challenges to Native American health care .||NONE
 Federal programs and Indian country : a time for reinvention .||NONE
 Chicago report profiles .||NONE
Big city health .||NONE
 College-age drinking problems .||NONE
 Using YPLL in health planning .||NONE
 WHO decides : food irradiation safe at any level .||NONE
 Genetic sampling : big brother or big science ? ||NONE
 Physician assistants and nurse practitioners in hospital outpatient departments , 1993-1994 .||NONE
 Laying the foundation for Healthy People 2010 .||NONE
The first year of consultation .||NONE
 The veracious etiology of <DISONLY> ectopic pregnancy </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Is dietary fat a major determinant of body fat ? ||NONE
 Factors involved in the rate of fall of thyroid stimulating hormone in treated <DISONLY> hypothyroidism </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Case complexity .||NONE
 Imaging <DISONLY> pulmonary embolism </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Early inpatient rehabilitation after elective hip and knee <TREATONLY> arthroplasty </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Inpatient rehabilitation after total <TREATONLY> joint replacement </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Delayed healing of <TREATONLY> rhytidectomy </TREATONLY> flap resurfaced with CO2 laser .||TREATONLY
 The <DISONLY> SAPHO syndrome </DISONLY> : an evolving concept for unifying several idiopathic disorders of bone and skin .||DISONLY
 Beverage use and risk for <DISONLY> kidney stones </DISONLY> in women .||DISONLY
 Use of a Foley catheter in the removal of a <DISONLY> substernal goiter </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Early identification of variant <DISONLY> Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Slater revisited : 6 year follow up study of patients with medically unexplained <DISONLY> motor symptoms </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Re : Intermediate term assessment of the reliability , function and patient satisfaction with the AMS700 ultrex penile prosthesis .||NONE
 Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries : a sentinel health indicator ? ||NONE
 Should we accept mediocrity ? ||NONE
 Resolution of <DIS> recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum virus lesions </DIS> in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with <TREAT> cidofovir </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Colonoscopic removal of chicken bones impacted in the sigmoid in two patients .||NONE
 `` Pull '' or `` push '' PEG : the reinsertion of the gastroscope is often unnecessary .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Clear cell papulosis </DISONLY> : case report and literature review .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Malignant melanoma </DISONLY> in situ : an oxymoron whose time has come .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> External beam radiation therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> choroidal neovascularization </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Somatic mesoderm differentiation and the development of a subset of pericardial cells depend on the not enough muscles ( nem ) locus , which contains the inscuteable gene and the intron located gene , skittles .||NONE
 Hemodynamic effects of acute tetrandrine and terlipressin administration on portal hypertensive rats .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma insulin levels in <DISONLY> Alzheimer 's disease </DISONLY> : relationship to severity of <DISONLY> dementia </DISONLY> and apolipoprotein E genotype .||DISONLY
 Isolated <DISONLY> internal ophthalmoplegia </DISONLY> associated with IgG anti-GQ1b antibody .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Bolus thrombolytic infusions </TREAT> during CPR for patients with <DIS> refractory arrest rhythms </DIS> : outcome of a case series .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DISONLY> Enthesopathy </DISONLY> in a case of <DISONLY> primary biliary cirrhosis </DISONLY> with positive HLA-B27 .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Remifentanil </TREATONLY> in the critically ill .||TREATONLY
 <DIS_VAG> Hyponatremia </DIS_VAG> with <TREAT_VAG> venlafaxine </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Use of a <TREAT> nerve stimulator </TREAT> for <DIS> phrenic nerve block </DIS> in treatment of <DIS> hiccups </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Anaesthesia for <TREAT> laparoscopic cholecystectomy </TREAT> in a patient with <DIS> Eisenmenger 's syndrome </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> Micronutrients </TREAT_PREV> and human <DIS_PREV> cancer risks </DIS_PREV> -- prospects for prevention .||PREVENT
Joint International Symposium of the Danish Cancer Society , European Cancer Prevention Organization and National Food Agency of Denmark .||NONE
Aarhus , Denmark , 21-24 May 1997 .||NONE
Abstracts .||NONE
 Vitamin K2 and serum cholesterol in patients on continuous ambulatory <TREATONLY> peritoneal dialysis </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Income inequality and population health .||NONE
 <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> Naloxone </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> -precipitated <DIS_SIDE_EFF> acute opioid withdrawal syndrome </DIS_SIDE_EFF> after <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> epidural morphine </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 <DISONLY> Idiopathic atrial flutter </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Munchausen 's syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Clinical evaluation of <TREAT> adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with CDDP , 5-FU , and VP-16 </TREAT> for <DIS> advanced esophageal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> New drug treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> Alzheimer 's disease </DIS> : lessons for healthcare policy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Development of <TREATONLY> neurosurgery </TREATONLY> in Greece : past , present , and future .||TREATONLY
 <DISONLY> Intravascular-catheter-related infections </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The effect of a social support boosting intervention on stress , coping , and social support in caregivers of children with <DISONLY> HIV/AIDS </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Point-counterpoint .||NONE
Mass population <DISONLY> skin cancer </DISONLY> screening is not worthwhile .||DISONLY
 Persons successful at long-term weight loss and maintenance continue to consume a low-energy , low-fat diet .||NONE
 Ultrasound measurements of the newborn hip .||NONE
Comparison of two methods in 657 newborns .||NONE
 Inferences from <TREATONLY> symphysiotomy </TREATONLY> experience .||TREATONLY
 1995 <TREATONLY> coronary artery bypass </TREATONLY> risk model : The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac National Database .||TREATONLY
 Informed consent : edging forwards ( and backwards ) ||NONE
 Online medical surveys : using the Internet as a research tool .||NONE
 US-guided puncture of the internal jugular vein : complications and anatomic considerations .||NONE
 Mouth care and skin care in palliative medicine .||NONE
Simple <TREAT> antiseptic mouthwashes </TREAT> are best for <DIS> infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effect of melatonin administration on ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats .||NONE
 A comparison of <TREAT> aspirin plus tirofiban </TREAT> with <TREAT> aspirin plus heparin </TREAT> for <DIS> unstable angina </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management ( PRISM ) Study Investigators .||NONE
 Mike Grace talks to Mike Joy .||NONE
Interview by Mike Grace .||NONE
 Multivalent cations depress ligand affinity of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-3 and -5 on human GM-10 fibroblast cell surfaces .||NONE
 Effect of continuous spinal remifentanil infusion on behaviour and spinal glutamate release evoked by subcutaneous formalin in the rat .||NONE
 How long should suction drains stay in after <TREATONLY> breast surgery </TREATONLY> with <TREATONLY> axillary dissection </TREATONLY> ? ||TREATONLY
 Physicians disciplined for sex-related offenses .||NONE
 Something from nothing : the evolution and utility of satellite repeats .||NONE
 Sudden death in young athletes : screening for the needle in a haystack .||NONE
 <TREAT> Chemotherapy alone </TREAT> compared with <TREAT> chemotherapy plus radiotherapy </TREAT> for localized intermediate- and high-grade <DIS> non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> Prevention of a first <DIS_PREV> stroke </DIS_PREV> by <TREAT_PREV> transfusions </TREAT_PREV> in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography .||TO_SEE
 <TREATONLY> HIV vaccines </TREATONLY> : prospects and challenges .||TREATONLY
 Occupation : the keystone of a curriculum for a self-defined profession .||NONE
 Touch sensibility in the breast after <TREATONLY> subcutaneous mastectomy </TREATONLY> and immediate reconstruction with a prosthesis .||TREATONLY
 <TREATONLY> Iatrogenic ruptures </TREATONLY> of the tracheobronchial tree .||TREATONLY
 <TREAT> Endoscopic hemostasis </TREAT> of <DIS> bleeding duodenal ulcer </DIS> in a child with <DIS> Henoch-Schönlein purpura </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Classification of primary <DISONLY> gastric lymphomas </DISONLY> according to histologic features .||DISONLY
 SCIM -- spinal cord independence measure : a new disability scale for patients with <DISONLY> spinal cord lesions </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Molecular analysis of cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis .||NONE
 Users ' guides to the medical literature : XIV .||NONE
How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial results to your patient .||NONE
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group .||NONE
 Hemispheric difference in human skin color .||NONE
 Limitations of diagnostic criteria and assessment instruments for <DISONLY> mental disorders </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Implications for research and policy .||NONE
 Causing death or allowing to die ? Developments in the law .||NONE
 Albumin synthesis rates are not decreased in <DISONLY> hypoalbuminemic cachectic cancer </DISONLY> patients with an ongoing acute-phase protein response .||DISONLY
 Brain-gut axis in health and disease .||NONE
 Pins and Rubbers Traction System .||NONE
 A specialist nurse can replace pre-registration house officers in the surgical pre-admission clinic .||NONE
 Voluntary death : a comparison of terminal <DISONLY> dehydration </DISONLY> and physician-assisted suicide .||DISONLY
 Ionized magnesium in serum and ultrafiltrate : pH and bicarbonate effect on measurements with the AVL 988-4 electrolyte analyzer .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Anterior glenohumeral dislocations </DISONLY> : what to do and how to do it .||DISONLY
 Relationship between <TREATONLY> topotecan </TREATONLY> systemic exposure and tumor response in human <DISONLY> neuroblastoma xenografts </DISONLY> .||TREATONLY
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Cerebral infarct </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> central venous cannulation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> ||SIDE_EFF
 The Gram stain .||NONE
 Heavy caffeine intake in pregnancy and <DISONLY> sudden infant death syndrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
New Zealand Cot Death Study Group .||NONE
 When can odds ratios mislead ? ||NONE
 Treatment of <DIS> renal failure </DIS> in <DIS> idiopathic membranous nephropathy </DIS> with <TREAT> azathioprine and prednisolone </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Enzyme structure with two catalytic sites for double-sieve selection of substrate .||NONE
 Role of the <TREAT_VAG> ketogenic diet </TREAT_VAG> in children with <DIS_VAG> intractable seizures </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Building-associated <DISONLY> pulmonary disease </DISONLY> from exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus versicolor .||DISONLY
 Interleukin-8 participates in angiogenesis in non-small cell , but not small cell <DISONLY> carcinoma </DISONLY> of the lung .||DISONLY
 <TREATONLY> Antenatal indomethacin </TREATONLY> -- adverse fetal effects confirmed .||TREATONLY
 Evaluation of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay Abbott IMx Select Chlamydia and the importance of urethral site sampling to detect <DISONLY> Chlamydia trachomatis </DISONLY> in women .||DISONLY
 The persistent vegetative state after <DISONLY> closed head injury </DISONLY> : clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 42 patients .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Wegener 's granulomatosis </DISONLY> of the head and neck .||DISONLY
 Chromosomal abnormalities of a new <DISONLY> nasopharyngeal carcinoma </DISONLY> cell line ( NPC-BM1 ) derived from a <DISONLY> bone marrow metastatic lesion </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Relation between <DISONLY> intellectual dysfunctioning </DISONLY> and mortality in community-residing older people .||DISONLY
 Anxiety and autonomic flexibility : a cardiovascular approach .||NONE
 Cross-reactivity of specific antibodies directed to heat shock proteins from periodontopathogenic bacteria and of human origin ( corrected ) ||NONE
 Immunogenicity of <DIS_PREV> hepatitis B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> in term and preterm infants .||PREVENT
 Secondary prevention for <DIS_SIDE_EFF> stroke </DIS_SIDE_EFF> after <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> CAPRIE and ESPS-2 </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 <TO_SEE> New-onset angina preceding acute myocardial infarction is associated with improved contractile recovery after thrombolysis .||TO_SEE
 Magnetic resonance imaging in <DISONLY> focal myositis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Concomitant alveolitis </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> asthma </DISONLY> following exposure to triphenylmethane triisocyanate .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Gorlin syndrome </DISONLY> : identification of 4 novel germ-line mutations of the human patched ( PTCH ) gene .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
137 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Genetic findings in <DISONLY> congenital bilateral aplasia </DISONLY> of vas deferens patients and identification of six novel mutatations .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
138 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 A novel point mutation in a splice acceptor site of intron 1 of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene which causes severe <DISONLY> hypercholesterolemia </DISONLY> : an unexpected absence of exon skipping .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
139 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 A de novo missense mutation ( R1623Q ) of the SCN5A gene in a Japanese girl with <DISONLY> sporadic long QT sydrome </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
140 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Missense mutation in exon 11 ( Codon 378 ) of the presenilin-1 gene in a French family with early-onset <DISONLY> Alzheimer 's disease </DISONLY> and transmission study by mismatch enhanced allele specific amplification .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
141 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
besancon @ rockefeller1.univ.lyon1.fr .||NONE
 Mutation sharing , predominant involvement of the MLH1 gene and description of four novel mutations in <DISONLY> hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
144 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 A new informative Alw 26 I polymorphism in exon 10 of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene .||NONE
Application to prenatal diagnosis .||NONE
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
145 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Novel acceptor splice site mutation in the invariant AG of intron 6 of alpha-galactosidase A gene , causing <DISONLY> Fabry disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
146 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Meta-analysis of trials comparing <TREATONLY> antidepressants </TREATONLY> with active placebos .||TREATONLY
 Evidence-based guidelines for universal counselling and offering of HIV testing in pregnancy in Canada .||NONE
 <TREAT> Chelation therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> peripheral arterial occlusive disease </DIS> : a systematic review .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <TREAT_PREV> Sodium channel block with mexiletine </TREAT_PREV> is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing <DIS_PREV> torsade des pointes </DIS_PREV> in LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome .||TO_SEE
 Simultaneous <TREATONLY> microsurgical vasal reconstruction </TREATONLY> and <TREATONLY> varicocele ligation </TREATONLY> : safety profile and outcomes .||TREATONLY
 A predetermined design for easier <TREATONLY> aesthetic abdominoplasty </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Significance of revision of the occupational illness legislation for evaluating <DISONLY> intervertebral disk damage </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Serum urate during bouts of <DISONLY> acute gouty arthritis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Isolated axial lateral pulse as a sign of <DISONLY> latero-bulbar ischemia </DISONLY> : clinical topographic correlation ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Microalbuminuria </DISONLY> is positively associated with usual dietary saturated fat intake and negatively associated with usual dietary protein intake in people with <DISONLY> insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TREAT> Endoscopic ultrasound miniprobe-guided steroid injection </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> refractory esophageal strictures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Purification and characterization of an acetyl xylan esterase from Bacillus pumilus .||NONE
 The Stresst'er ergometer as an alternative to treadmill testing in patients with <DISONLY> claudication </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Renal trauma </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and the risk of long-term complications in <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> shock wave lithotripsy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||SIDE_EFF
 Current management of <DISONLY> corneal abrasions </DISONLY> : evidence based practice ? ||DISONLY
 Placebo in drug clinical trials ||NONE
 Chromosome 22qII deletions .||NONE
An under-recognised cause of <DISONLY> idiopathic learning disability </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Serial magnetic resonance imaging findings for a spontaneously resolving <DISONLY> spinal subdural hematoma </DISONLY> : case report .||DISONLY
 A simple technique for correction of <DISONLY> mucosal irregularities of the lip </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Cancer </DISONLY> risk in the rubber industry : a review of the recent epidemiological evidence .||DISONLY
 HIV treatment strategies : planning for the long term .||NONE
 The project of a national control program for <DISONLY> tuberculosis </DISONLY> in Spain ||DISONLY
 Decrease in antibiotic susceptibility or increase in resistance ? ||NONE
 Helicobacter pylori and abdominal symptoms : a population-based study among preschool children in southern Germany .||NONE
 Have we treated <DISONLY> AIDS </DISONLY> too well ? Rationing and the future of AIDS exceptionalism .||DISONLY
 Recommendations on <TREATONLY> antiretroviral treatment </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
The AIDS Study Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology ||NONE
 Requirements for training to ensure competence of endoscopists performing invasive procedures in children .||NONE
 Safe motherhood : can we make a difference ? ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Lumbar spine stenosis </DISONLY> : a common cause of back and leg <DISONLY> pain </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Myoepithelial carcinoma </DISONLY> with predominance of plasmacytoid cells arising in a <DISONLY> pleomorphic adenoma </DISONLY> of the parotid gland .||DISONLY
 Lonomia obliqua caterpillar spicules trigger human blood coagulation via activation of factor X and prothrombin .||NONE
 Doing everything .||NONE
 Successful replantation of an amputated tongue .||NONE
 Morbidity and healthcare utilisation of children in households with one adult : comparative observational study .||NONE
 A novel frameshift mutation 840delA and a novel polymorphism D203A in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene in a Japanese patient with <DISONLY> congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
117 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Identification of five new mutations and three novel polymorphisms in the muscle chloride channel gene ( CLCN1 ) in 20 Italian patients with dominant and recessive <DISONLY> myotonia congenita </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
118 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Identification of a large insertion and two novel point mutations ( 3671del8 and S1221X ) in <DISONLY> tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC ) </DISONLY> patients .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
119 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Mutational analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene : a splicing mutation , two missense mutations and an insertion in patients with <DISONLY> homocystinuria </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
120 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Analysis of five mutations in 20 <DISONLY> mucopolysaccharidois </DISONLY> type 1 patients : high prevalence of the W402X mutation .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
121 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 A novel missense mutation Ile538Val in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in <DISONLY> hypochondroplasia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
122 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Detection of four novel mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene .||NONE
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
123 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Polymorphisms in the coding exons of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene .||NONE
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
124 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Independent occurrence of the novel Arg2163 to His mutation in the factor VIII gene in three unrelated families with <DISONLY> haemophila A </DISONLY> with different phenotypes .||DISONLY
Mutations in brief no .||NONE
126 .||NONE
Online .||NONE
 Are Japanese researchers exploiting Thai HIV patients ? ||NONE
 Underutilization of <TREAT_VAG> aspirin </TREAT_VAG> in older patients with <DIS_VAG> prior myocardial infarction </DIS_VAG> at the time of admission to a nursing home . ||VAGUE
 Distinguishing <DISONLY> silent lacunar infarction </DISONLY> from <DISONLY> enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces </DISONLY> : a magnetic resonance imaging and pathological study .||DISONLY
 Correlation is not causation .||NONE
 Inhalation of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive ( ANFO ) ||NONE
 Management of <DISONLY> polycythaemia </DISONLY> in adults with <DISONLY> cyanotic congenital heart disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Bolstering Sisyphus .||NONE
 Use of public performance reports : a survey of patients undergoing <TREATONLY> cardiac surgery </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Role of a p53 polymorphism in the development of <DISONLY> human papillomavirus-associated cancer </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 The use of nurses in alternative dispute resolution .||NONE
 Re : Friday afternoon <TREATONLY> pulmonary arteriography ( FAPA ) </TREATONLY> : are Fridays good for your health ? ||TREATONLY
 <TREAT_VAG> Hormone replacement therapy </TREAT_VAG> and <DIS_VAG> breast cancer </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Physician heal thyself : are <TREATONLY> antibiotics </TREATONLY> the cure or the disease ? ||TREATONLY
 <DISONLY> Primary biliary cirrhosis </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Polymorphism in promoter region of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protection against <DISONLY> malaria </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Ventilatory responses to acute and sustained hypoxia during isoflurane anesthesia .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Leprosy type 1 </DISONLY> reaction as the first manifestation of borderline <DISONLY> lepromatous leprosy </DISONLY> in a young native German .||DISONLY
 A systematic review of five <TREAT> systemic treatments </TREAT> for <DIS> severe psoriasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Trisomy 10 in <DISONLY> leukemia </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Receptive properties of primary afferent fibres from rabbit pleura , in vitro .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Congenital anomalies of tracheobronchial branching patterns </DISONLY> : spiral CT aspects in adults .||DISONLY
 American Heart Association urges caution on new diet drug .||NONE
 Absence of renal and hepatic toxicity after four hours of 1.25 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration sevoflurane anesthesia in volunteers .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Linear lichen planopilaris </DISONLY> of the face .||DISONLY
 Electrolyte abnormalities in patients with <DISONLY> chronic renal failure </DISONLY> receiving parenteral nutrition .||DISONLY
 Risk factors for <DISONLY> hemiretinal vein occlusion </DISONLY> : comparison with risk factors for <DISONLY> central and branch retinal vein occlusion </DISONLY> : the eye disease case-control study .||DISONLY
 The psychological profiles of patients with <DISONLY> whiplash-associated headache </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 <TO_SEE> Fatal spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolysis for myocardial infarction .||TO_SEE
 Bifid T waves induced by <TREAT_VAG> isoprenaline </TREAT_VAG> in a patient with <DIS_VAG> Brugada syndrome </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Quo vadis `` suprema lex '' ? ||NONE
 Death in springtime .||NONE
 <TREAT> Clinical management </TREAT> and treatment outcomes of <DIS> Merkel cell carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Relatives in the resuscitation room : their point of view .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Large airway disease </DISONLY> associated with <DISONLY> inflammatory bowel disease </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 Autonomy in the face of a devastating diagnosis .||NONE
 Advanced practice nursing : is the physician 's assistant an accident of history or a failure to act ? ||NONE
 <DISONLY> Acute obstructive hydrocephalus </DISONLY> complicating <DISONLY> bacterial meningitis </DISONLY> in childhood .||DISONLY
 Subcutaneous autologous ovarian transplantation in Wistar rats maintains hormone secretion .||NONE
 Teaching <DISONLY> irritable bowel syndrome </DISONLY> patients to care for themselves .||DISONLY
 Nonanesthetic volatile drugs obey the Meyer-Overton correlation in two molecular protein site models .||NONE
 <TREAT> Inhaled sodium cromoglycate </TREAT> in young children with moderate <DIS> asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Directly observed therapy and treatment completion for <DISONLY> tuberculosis </DISONLY> in the United States : is universal supervised therapy necessary ? ||DISONLY
 Investigation of <TREATONLY> antibiotic prophylaxis </TREATONLY> usage for vascular and nonvascular interventional procedures .||TREATONLY
 Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors on cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning depends on the number of preconditioning episodes .||NONE
 How do you treat <DISONLY> refractory pouchitis </DISONLY> and when do you decide to remove the pouch ? ||DISONLY
 Filter paper blood spot assay of human insulin-like growth factor I ( IGF-I ) and IGF-binding protein-3 and preliminary application in the evaluation of growth hormone status .||NONE
 Effect of <DIS_VAG> iodixanol </DIS_VAG> on renal function immediately after <TREAT_VAG> abdominal angiography </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Clinical comparison with <DISONLY> iomeprol </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> ioxaglate </DISONLY> .||DISONLY
 A new modified technique for harvest of calcaneal bone grafts in <TREATONLY> surgery </TREATONLY> on the foot and ankle .||TREATONLY
 Is prevaccination screening for <DISONLY> hepatitis B </DISONLY> among sexually active adolescents cost-effective ? ||DISONLY
 <DISONLY> Epilepsy </DISONLY> -- a guide to medical treatment .||DISONLY
1 : <TREATONLY> Antiepileptic drugs </TREATONLY> .||TREATONLY
 Adolescent pregnancy and sexual abuse .||NONE
 <TREAT> Normoxic cardiopulmonary bypass </TREAT> reduces <DIS> oxidative myocardial damage and nitric oxide </DIS> during cardiac operations in the adult .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A multidimensional study of preference judgements for excerpts of music .||NONE
 Extending the benefits of <DISONLY> breast cancer </DISONLY> screening .||DISONLY
Still hard to know how large the benefits will really be .||NONE
 <DISONLY> Rhabdomyolysis </DISONLY> and <DISONLY> carbon monoxide poisoning </DISONLY> ||DISONLY
 Effect of <TREAT_VAG> dental treatment </TREAT_VAG> on the lung function of children with <DIS_VAG> asthma </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
conclusions : <TREAT> apc </TREAT> is effective for the treatment of <DIS> endoluminal hemoptysis </DIS> and <DIS> airway obstruction </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> induction chemotherapy ( cisplatin + vinorelbine ) </TREAT> is found to be markedly effective for <DIS> squamous cell lung carcinoma with sarcoidosis </DIS> -- a case report ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> in conclusion , 3d computer-assisted analysis of the internal structure of small pulmonary nodules using contrast-enhanced dh-ct was found to be effective for differentiating between benign and malignant nodules ||TO_SEE
the patient was a 62-year-old man with <DIS> squamous cell lung cancer </DIS> , which was first successfully treated by a <TREAT> combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy </TREAT> , but showed local recurrence after 8 months .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the <TREAT> combination of txt , gem and cddp </TREAT> may be effective for <DIS> recurrent non-small-cell lung carcinoma </DIS> , even in patients that have failed to respond to more than one chemotherapy regimen .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 the aim of the current study was to compare the objective response and survival rates of patients with <DIS> mrcc </DIS> treated with <TREAT> il-2 </TREAT> administered either systemically ( syst , subcutaneously ) or via inhalation ( inh ) , using relatively large sample sizes to afford a more meaningful comparison .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : as expected , the type of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> we used , to treat <DIS> non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors </DIS> proved to be highly effective for <DIS> seminomatous types </DIS> , as well .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> carboplatin and ifosfamide </TREAT> performed well and safe , in the treatment of <DIS> non-bulky metastatic seminoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
these results suggested that the <TREAT> sp1 decoy strategy </TREAT> would be effective for regulating <DIS> tumor growth </DIS> by simultaneously reducing cancer cell ( a ) angiogenic growth factor expression , ( b ) proliferation , and ( c ) invasiveness .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
considering that hamsters had a lung metastasis rate of 50 % before mdp-lys treatment , <TREAT> liposomal mdp-lys </TREAT> given at a dose of 20 microg twice/week was effective for inhibiting <DIS> lung metastasis </DIS> at a far lower dose of mdp-lys than that given as a solution ( 40 microg vs. 350 microg per week ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 we have documented previously that <TREAT> adenovirus-mediated interleukin 12 ( il-12 ) gene therapy </TREAT> is effective for <DIS> orthotopic tumor </DIS> control and suppression of <DIS> pre-established metastases in a preclinical prostate cancer model </DIS> ( y. nasu et al. , gene ther .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we further developed a vaccine model based on s.c.injection of infected , irradiated rm-9 cells and found that both <TREAT> admil-12 and admil-12/b7 </TREAT> are effective at suppressing the development and growth of <DIS> challenge orthotopic tumors </DIS> using this protocol .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
despite the marked toxicity of the initial <TREAT> intensive chemotherapy </TREAT> , the treatments are tolerable and effective in the control of <DIS> extra-thoracic micrometastases </DIS> , whereas they are less effective for thoracic primary tumor .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> is effective for palliation of <DIS> symptoms associated with sblc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
clinically , <TREAT> oral administration of uft </TREAT> has proved to be effective as an <TREAT> adjuvant therapy </TREAT> after surgery for some <DIS> malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
moreover , <TREAT> uft </TREAT> has proved to be effective for <DIS> inoperable advanced malignancies such as colorectal cancer </DIS> , especially in combination with <TREAT> leucovorin or cisplatin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 a phase ii study of fractionated administration of <TREAT> irinotecan ( cpt-11 ) and cisplatin ( cddp ) </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> was conducted .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in conclusion , fractionated administration of <TREAT> cpt-11 and cddp </TREAT> was highly effective for <DIS> advanced nsclc </DIS> with manageable toxicities .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 we report the use of <TREAT> paclitaxel </TREAT> in the successful treatment of a patient with <DIS> recurrent adenocarcinoma of the cervix </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
weekly <TREAT> paclitaxel </TREAT> was very well tolerated , yet was effective for <DIS> recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : our results suggest that <TREAT> pseudoephedrine plus acetaminophen </TREAT> is effective for relief of <DIS> symptoms attributable to the paranasal sinuses </DIS> that may develop early in the course of a cold .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
reviewer 's conclusions : a single dose of <TREAT> nasal decongestant </TREAT> in the common cold is moderately effective for the short term relief of <DIS> congestion </DIS> in adults , while there is no evidence available to show benefit after repeated use over several days .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : members of an ethnically diverse community believe <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> are effective for <DIS> colds </DIS> , are very likely to seek care for colds , and often obtain antibiotics without a prescription .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the available inactivated <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> is effective for preventing <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> and the serious disease and death that can accompany it .||PREVENT
<TO_SEE> <TREAT> amantadine </TREAT> , <TREAT> rimantadine </TREAT> , and the newly available drugs <TREAT> zanamivir </TREAT> and <TREAT> oseltamivir </TREAT> are effective for <DIS> influenza prevention and treatment </DIS> ( the former two for influenza a only ) .||TO_SEE
<TO_SEE> the availability of four <TREAT> antiviral agents </TREAT> that effectively prevent and treat <DIS> influenza </DIS> provides the physician with considerable flexibility for their use in influenza control .||TO_SEE
<TO_SEE> thus <DIS> influenza </DIS> <TREAT> vaccination </TREAT> is effective for preventing <DIS> influenza disease </DIS> in persons aged 65 years and over , and should be an integral part of the care of this population residing in nursing homes .||TO_SEE
<TREAT> intravenous injection of pb2-as , as a complex with dmrie-c , a cationic liposome </TREAT> , was most effective for prolonging the mean survival time in days ( msds ) and increasing the survival rates of mice infected with the <DIS> influenza a virus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background and objectives : <TREAT> thoracic paravertebral block ( tpvb ) </TREAT> is a unilateral analgesic technique that has been advocated in both <DIS> acute and chronic thoracic and abdominal pain </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> other blocks such as interpleural and epidural </TREAT> can be effectively used in <DIS> pleuritic pain </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
this report illustrates that <TREAT> tpvb </TREAT> could also be effective for this kind of <DIS> pain </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : this case report supports the notion that , in practice , <TREAT> the paravertebral block </TREAT> could be an effective and safe alternative to relief of <DIS> pleuritic pain </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> mr-guided rfa using single cooled tip electrodes </TREAT> is safe and technically effective for treatment of <DIS> hepatic neoplasms </DIS> up to 3 cm in size , however further improvements are necessary .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 a 68-year-old man underwent <TREAT> curative pancreaticoduodenectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> bile duct cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
one course of <TREAT> chronochemotherapy </TREAT> was effective for <DIS> lymph node and peritoneum metastases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the only specific antidote for <DIS> dosage-dependent hepatotoxicity </DIS> is <TREAT> n-acetylcysteine ( and some other sulfhydryl donors ) </TREAT> , which is highly effective for the prevention of significant hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> corticosteroids </TREAT> can be considered for cases of <DIS> drug-induced hepatitis </DIS> , especially those with evidence of immune hypersensitivity , if no improvement is seen in 8 to 12 weeks .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
our conclusion was that the <TREAT> covered-ems </TREAT> can be effective for the palliation of <DIS> esophagorespiratory fistulas </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the food and drug administration ( fda ) recently approved the first <TREAT_PREV> protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine </TREAT_PREV> to prevent <DIS_PREV> invasive pneumococcal diseases </DIS_PREV> in infants and toddlers < 2 years of age .||PREVENT
this <TREAT_PREV> conjugated vaccine </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> pneumococcus </DIS_PREV> uses the same technology as the successful <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> haemophilus influenzae type b </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
the most recent study , involving over 37 , 000 young children , also evaluated the vaccine 's efficacy , and reported that the <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> is highly effective in preventing <DIS_PREV> invasive disease </DIS_PREV> and has had an impact on <DIS_PREV> otitis media </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
conclusions : the <TREAT_PREV> heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine </TREAT_PREV> is safe and highly effective in preventing <DIS_PREV> pneumococcal meningitis and bacteremic pneumonia </DIS_PREV> in young children < 2 years of age ; it is less effective in preventing otitis media .||PREVENT
based on the results of three well-designed studies demonstrating the vaccine 's safety , immunogenicity , and efficacy , the <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> is safe and effective for active immunization of children < 2 years of age against <DIS_PREV> invasive disease caused by seven streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes </DIS_PREV> included in the vaccine .||PREVENT
<TO_SEE> i concluded that 6-month regimen containing <TREAT> pyrazinamide </TREAT> was effective for the patients with <DIS> isoniazid-rifampicin susceptible tuberculosis </DIS> patients except the patients complicated with <DIS_NO> diabetes mellitus </DIS_NO> .||TO_SEE
only the <TREAT> combination of a cell wall-active antibiotic to which the enterococcus is susceptible ( ie , certain beta-lactams or vancomycin ) plus an aminoglycoside ( ie , gentamicin or streptomycin ) </TREAT> is bactericidal , and is required for cure of <DIS> endocarditis , meningitis and probably infection in neutropenic patients </DIS> ; bacteriostatic activity is sufficient to treat most other infections .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> two triazole antifungal agents , fluconazole and itraconazole </TREAT> , were introduced over a decade ago and since then have been used extensively for the prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of <DIS> fungal infections </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 the use of <TREAT> topical corticosteroids </TREAT> has revolutionised the treatment of <DIS> inflammatory skin diseases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in particular , <TREAT> tacrolimus and ascomycin derivatives </TREAT> have been shown to be effective for treating <DIS> atopic dermatitism </DIS> with a surprising lack of side effects .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> cyclophosphamide therapy </TREAT> is effective for <DIS> bronchiolitis obliterans occurring as a late manifestation of lupus erythematosus </DIS> ( letter ) ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in summary , <TREAT> gemifloxacin </TREAT> was found to be well tolerated and effective for the treatment of <DIS> aecb </DIS> , suggesting it is well suited for empirical treatment of this common respiratory condition in the current clinical environment .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> d-penicillamine ( 2-amino-3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoic acid ) , a well-known heavy metal chelator </TREAT> , is the drug of choice in the treatment of <DIS> wilson 's disease </DIS> and is also effective for the treatment of <DIS> several disorders including rheumatoid arthritis , primary biliary cirrhosis , scleroderma , fibrotic lung diseases and progressive systemic sclerosis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 stages of <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> that are potential candidates for <TREAT> surgical resection </TREAT> have been treated in several ways : <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> alone is curative in only two-thirds of cases and <TREAT> post-operative radiotherapy ( rt ) </TREAT> provides only weak control of advanced-stage disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
among these , the <TREAT> gemcitabine/cisplatin </TREAT> study protocol ( gc ) , set up in a phase ii study for patients with <DIS> stage iiia n2 nsclc </DIS> , was very effective ( objective response ( or ) : 70.2 % ; median survival : 19 months ) and should be promising for stages ib and ii .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 several studies have suggested that <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> patients whose tumors have neuroendocrine ( ne ) features may be more responsive to <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> in addition , increased expression of p53 and her2 may confer relative chemotherapy resistance and shortened survival .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the cancer and leukemia group b performed a series of studies involving <TREAT> sequential chemotherapy followed by radiation </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> unresectable stage iii nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
this london lung cancer group trial of <TREAT> gemcitabine/carboplatin </TREAT> may define an active , safe , and acceptable treatment for patients with extensive-stage and poor-prognosis <DIS> small cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> gemcitabine and carboplatin </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> advanced non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> an aggressive surgical approach </TREAT> is justified in patients with <DIS> mplc </DIS> and offers the greatest chance for long-term survival even in the case of limited resection .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods and materials : eleven patients with <DIS> small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) </DIS> , who had presented complete response of disease after <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> and <TREAT> radical radiotherapy in the lung </TREAT> , were prescribed to receive a prophylacting cranial irradiation ( pci ) with a 6 mev linear accelerator .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
only 22 patients ( 10 % ) were alive at five years : 19 patients with <DIS> nsclc </DIS> who had got <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> , one patient with <DIS> nsclc ( stage iiib ) </DIS> who had recieved <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> , and two patients with <DIS> sclc , limited disease </DIS> , treated with <TREAT> chemo- and radiotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> the standard care for patients with <DIS> non-small-cell lung cancer </DIS> is <TREAT> chemotherapy of supportive care </TREAT> , with <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> being reserved for palliation of symptoms ; however , there is a small group of patients with a finite number of <DIS> extrathoracic metastases ( oligometastases ) </DIS> who may experience improved survival by <TREAT> resection of their metastases and the primary site </TREAT> , with or without systemic treatment .||TO_SEE
five new agents , <TREAT> paclitaxel </TREAT> , <TREAT> docetaxel </TREAT> , <TREAT> vinorelbine </TREAT> , <TREAT> gemcitabine </TREAT> and <TREAT> irinotecan </TREAT> , have been introduced for the treatment of <DIS> nsclc </DIS> and investigated extensively both preclinically and clinically .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
whether the era of <TREAT> platinum-based chemotherapy </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> nsclc </DIS> should continue or not must be determined by phase iii trials , evaluating the use of a platinum agent with one of the new agent combinations .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
these <TREAT> aggressive chemotherapeutic combinations </TREAT> will hopefully improve survival and quality of life for patients with <DIS> advanced nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
results : we have performed 60 <TREAT> carinal resections </TREAT> for <DIS> bronchogenic carcinoma </DIS> : 18 <TREAT> isolated carinal resections </TREAT> for <DIS> tumor confined to the carinal or proximal main stem bronchus </DIS> ; 35 <TREAT> carinal pneumonectomies </TREAT> ; 5 <TREAT> carinal plus lobar resections </TREAT> , and 2 <TREAT> carinal resections </TREAT> for <DIS> stump recurrence after prior pneumonectomy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : this constitutes one of the largest single-institution reports on <TREAT> carinal resection </TREAT> for <DIS> bronchogenic carcinoma involving the carina </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> extracorporeal photopheresis </TREAT> has evolved as a possible therapy for patients with <DIS> acute nd chronic lung allograft rejection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : we retrospectively reviewed 14 patients diagnosed with <DIS> bos </DIS> who underwent <TREAT> therapy with extracorporeal photopheresis </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in three patients with <DIS> bos and concurrent acute rejection </DIS> , <TREAT> therapy with extracorporeal photopheresis </TREAT> led to the resolution of the acute rejection episode .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> extracorporeal photopheresis </TREAT> appears to be a promising therapy for patients with <DIS> early bos </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 purpose : many patients with <DIS> locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( la-nsclc ) </DIS> are eligible for <TREAT> combined-modality therapy ( cmt ; chemotherapy and radiotherapy ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 over the past twenty years <TREAT> combination chemotherapy </TREAT> has continued to produce small survival gains for patients with <DIS> sclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> purpose : the benefit of <TREAT> whole-lung irradiation ( wli ) </TREAT> for patients who have <DIS> pulmonary metastases ( pm ) of ewing sarcoma family tumors ( esft ) </DIS> is unclear .||TO_SEE
extent of pulmonary involvement at diagnosis , response of <DIS> pm </DIS> after <TREAT> induction chemotherapy </TREAT> , local treatment of pm thereafter , and clinical outcome were recorded .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : the comparable survival of patients with poor and good response of <DIS> pm </DIS> to <TREAT> induction chemotherapy </TREAT> suggests that <TREAT> wli </TREAT> may benefit poor responders .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objective : to report the use of <TREAT> heparin </TREAT> and <TREAT> enoxaparin </TREAT> for <DIS> radiation-induced myelopathy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
therefore , patients with <DIS> radiation-induced spinal cord injury </DIS> may benefit from <TREAT> anticoagulant therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : <TREAT> heparin and/or enoxaparin </TREAT> may be considered as potential treatments for patients with <DIS> radiation-induced myelopathy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> tracheal stent insertion is a useful method for patients with malignant tracheal stenosis .||TO_SEE
<TREAT> expandable metal stents </TREAT> were inserted in two patients with <DIS> severe dyspnea due to tracheal stenosis caused by lung cancer and esophageal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
thus , we should recognize this immanent risk and perform <TREAT> peri- and postoperative management </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> gh-producing tumors </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : at present the <TREAT> addition of thoracic irradiation to combination chemotherapy </TREAT> is a standard treatment for <DIS> limited staged small cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we conducted a phase ii study of <TREAT> etoposide ( vp-16 ) -ifosfamide-cisplatin ( vip ) combination chemotherapy plus early concurrent thoracic irradiation </TREAT> for the patients with previously <DIS> untreated limited small cell lung cancer </DIS> in order to assess if the treatment modality could improve the response rate and the toxicity .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : forty-four patients with <DIS> limited small cell lung cancer </DIS> were treated with <TREAT> etoposide-ifosfamide-cisplatin and concurrent thoracic irradiation </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> vip combination chemotherapy and early concurrent thoracic irradiation </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> limited stage small cell lung cancer </DIS> revealed excellent antitumor response with tolerable toxicity .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 in this study we analyzed 33 cases which underwent <TREAT> complete surgical resection </TREAT> to assess the role of surgery in the treatment of patients with <DIS> n 2 nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we thereby recommend that <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> should only be performed for those <DIS> n 2 nsclc </DIS> patients diagnosed as t 1 or t 2 with a classification of p1 or less .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> inhaled corticosteroid therapy </TREAT> is recommended for patients with <DIS> persistent disease </DIS> , and careful instruction in the use of metered-dose inhalers is particularly important for the elderly .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : the role of <TREAT> surgical staging </TREAT> of patients with <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> continues to evolve .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> this report describes our findings utilizing routine cervical mediastinoscopy in the evaluation of peripheral t1 ( < 3 cm ) lung tumors .||TO_SEE
<TO_SEE> mediastinoscopy facilitates identification of patients with <DIS> regionally advanced disease prior to resection </DIS> , allowing <TREAT> neoadjuvant therapy </TREAT> and avoiding unnecessary resections .||TO_SEE
 purpose : given the cisplatin-related myelotoxicity and nonhematologic toxicities , we were prompted to undertake a study of the <TREAT> noncisplatin combination of paclitaxel plus gemcitabine </TREAT> to evaluate the efficacy , tolerance , and survival of this combination in patients with <DIS> locally advanced and metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we evaluated the role of <TREAT> systemic chemotherapy </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> malignant pleural effusions from nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : we analyzed 34 patients who were found to have <DIS> malignant pleural effusions </DIS> in the course of diagnosis of 118 patients enrolled in three consecutive clinical trials on advanced <DIS> nsclc </DIS> assessing <TREAT> combination chemotherapy of cisplatin , ifosfamide , and irinotecan with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : both the response rate and survival data in this retrospective study suggest a high degree of activity of this <TREAT> combination chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> malignant pleural effusions from nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in contrast , the introduction and improvement of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> since the 1970s gave rise to an improvement in - only short-term ( < 2 years ) - survival for patients with <DIS> small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
between july 1992 and december 1997 , 1799 patients were diagnosed as having <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> in our hospital and 926 patients received <TREAT> chemotherapy and/or thoracic radiotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the administration of <TREAT> mitomycin c </TREAT> in addition to <TREAT> cisplatin-based regimens </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> should be carefully considered .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 570 patients with <DIS> osteosarcoma of the extremities </DIS> were treated with five different protocols of <TREAT> neoadjuvant chemotherapy </TREAT> at rizzoli institute between 1983 and 1995 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we conclude that for patients with <DIS> osteosarcoma of the extremities </DIS> treated with <TREAT> neoadjuvant chemotherapy </TREAT> : ( a ) the pattern of systemic relapse changes according to the efficacy of the protocol of chemotherapy used .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 the degree of healing and damage of the bronchial wall after <TREAT> photodynamic therapy , nd-yag laser and electrocautery </TREAT> for <DIS> intraluminal early-stage cancer </DIS> have been analysed .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 to examine whether efficacy of postoperative oral administration of <TREAT> uft , a 5-fluorouracil derivative chemotherapeutic agent </TREAT> , may be influenced by incidence of apoptosis ( apoptosis index ) or apoptosis-related gene status ( p53 and bcl-2 ) of the tumour , a total of 162 patients with <DIS> pathologic stage i non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> were retrospectively reviewed .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objectives : the purpose of this study is to review our experience with the spectrum of <DIS> neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung </DIS> with emphasis on the histopathologic classification and <TREAT> surgical therapy </TREAT> of each class of neoplasm .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
patients : during this period , a total of 77 patients underwent <TREAT> lung resection </TREAT> for the following <DIS> neuroendocrine neoplasms </DIS> : <DIS> typical carcinoid ( tc ) </DIS> , 50 patients ; <DIS> atypical carcinoid ( ac ) </DIS> , 5 patients ; <DIS> large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ( lcnec ) </DIS> , 9 patients ; <DIS> mixed large-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ( lsnec ) </DIS> , 4 patients ; or <DIS> small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ( scc ) </DIS> , 9 patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
despite the poor overall prognosis in high-grade <DIS> neuroendocrine tumors of the lung </DIS> , <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> remains a viable adjunct in the early stages of this disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 urpose : to assess results with twice-daily high-dose <TREAT> radiotherapy ( rt ) </TREAT> for <DIS> non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 is prolonged survival possible for patients with <DIS> supraclavicular node metastases in nsclc </DIS> treated with <TREAT> chemoradiotherapy </TREAT> ? ijrobp 1999 ; 44 ( 4 ) : 847-853 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 we aimed to investigate whether biological factors related to radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity have prognostic significance in <DIS> non-small-cell-lung-cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> patients treated with daily low doses of <TREAT> cisplatin and radiotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we treated 27 <DIS> nsclcm </DIS> patients with concomitant daily low-dose <TREAT> cisplatin and radiotherapy </TREAT> between 1993 and 1995 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : we examined the complications and outcomes of placing <TREAT> stents </TREAT> for both <DIS> esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : we placed <TREAT> stents </TREAT> for both <DIS> esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses </DIS> in 8 patients ( 7 with esophageal cancer and 1 with lung cancer ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
covered or noncovered <TREAT> metallic stents </TREAT> were used for the <DIS> esophageal stenoses </DIS> , except in 1 patient treated with a silicone stent .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> silicone stents </TREAT> were used for the <DIS> tracheobronchial stenoses </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
results : all patients experienced improvement of grades of both <DIS> dysphagia and respiratory symptoms </DIS> after <TREAT> stent therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : for patients with both <DIS> esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses </DIS> , a <TREAT> stent </TREAT> should be introduced into the tracheobronchus first .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
because placement of stents in both the esophagus and tracheobronchus has a high risk of enlargement of the fistula , a <TREAT> covered metallic stent </TREAT> is preferable for <DIS> esophageal cancer involving the tracheobronchus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
a retrospective immunohistochemical study was performed on material from patients who were newly diagnosed with <DIS> osteogenic sarcoma </DIS> who were treated according to the <TREAT> t12 protocol </TREAT> from the authors ' institution between 1986 to 1993 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
these data suggest that her2/erbb-2 should be evaluated prospectively as a prognostic indicator and clinical trials using <TREAT> antibodies </TREAT> that target this receptor should be considered for the treatment of patients with <DIS> osteogenic sarcoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objective : to examine the effectiveness of <TREAT> ninjin yoei to ( nyt ; ren-shen-yang-rong-tang in chinese medicine ; kotaro pharmaceutical co. , ltd. , osaka , japan ) , one of the traditional herbal medicines </TREAT> , against <DIS> lung carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
setting : the nursing center himawari design , patient , and preparation : the regular dosage of <TREAT> nyt </TREAT> ( 15 g/d ) was prescribed for 7 weeks to one elderly patient with <DIS> lung carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> nyt </TREAT> has a positive effect on life expectancy for patients with <DIS> malignancy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : the costs of <TREAT> videothoracoscopic procedures </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> lung carcinoma </DIS> were compared with those of patients who underwent <TREAT> open thoracotomy </TREAT> in japan .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : the cost of <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> in 1997 and 1998 for patients with <DIS> resectable primary or metastatic lung carcinoma </DIS> was analyzed from itemized statements of hospital charges .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
for patients with <DIS> lung carcinoma </DIS> who are in relatively poor health , the authors chose <TREAT> videothoracoscopic lobectomy or partial resection of the lung </TREAT> instead of an open thoracotomy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
for patients with <DIS> solitary pulmonary metastasis </DIS> , the authors routinely performed <TREAT> thoracoscopic partial resection of the lung </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : <TREAT> curative therapy </TREAT> is available for patients with <DIS> stage 0 lung carcinoma </DIS> , with a > 90 % 5-year survival rate .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
promising <TREAT_PREV> chemopreventive agents </TREAT_PREV> also are under investigation currently to reduce the risk of <DIS_PREV> lung carcinoma </DIS_PREV> in high risk populations .||PREVENT
 object : the purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effectiveness of <TREAT> gamma knife radiosurgery ( gks ) </TREAT> for <DIS> multiple cerebral metastases </DIS> with that of <TREAT> whole-brain radiation therapy ( wbrt ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in the gks group , large lesions ( > 30 mm ) were removed surgically and all other <DIS> small lesions </DIS> ( < or = 30 mm ) were treated by <TREAT> gks </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
new <DIS> distant lesions </DIS> were treated by repeated <TREAT> gks </TREAT> without prophylactic wbrt .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : <TREAT> gamma knife radiosurgery </TREAT> without prophylactic wbrt could be a primary choice of treatment for patients with as many as 10 <DIS> cerebral metastases from nonsmall cell cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the notable exception has been <TREAT> docetaxel </TREAT> , which has been extensively studied as a second-line therapy for <DIS> nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 object : the purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effectiveness of <TREAT> gamma knife radiosurgery ( gks ) </TREAT> for <DIS> multiple cerebral metastases </DIS> with that of <TREAT> whole-brain radiation therapy ( wbrt ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
patients with a <DIS> single non-sclc , breast , melanoma , renal cell , and ovarian carcinoma brain metastasis </DIS> have the best chance for long-term survival if treated with <TREAT> surgical resection and wbrt </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objective : careful patient selection is vital when <TREAT> video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical ( vats ) therapeutic pulmonary metastasectomy </TREAT> of <DIS> colorectal carcinoma </DIS> is considered .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we reviewed our vats experience for <TREAT> therapeutic metastasectomy </TREAT> of <DIS> peripheral colorectal pulmonary metastases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : over 90 months , <TREAT> therapeutic vats metastasectomy </TREAT> was accomplished upon 80 patients with <DIS> colorectal metastases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : <TREAT> therapeutic vats resection </TREAT> of <DIS> colorectal metastases </DIS> appears efficacious .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objectives : to review the spectrum of presentation and the <TREAT> surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> and the role of various diagnostic modalities in predicting the post-operative stage and the correlation of the post-operative stage with the chances of recurrence .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 patients with <DIS> limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung </DIS> are treated with <TREAT> combined-modality therapy </TREAT> with the intent to cure .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in the past several years , <TREAT> new chemotherapeutic agents , including the taxanes and the topoisomerase i inhibitors </TREAT> , have demonstrated substantial activity against <DIS> small-cell carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we evaluated the role of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> brain metastases from nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : we analyzed 30 patients who were discovered to have brain metastases during the diagnosis of 121 patients enrolled in three consecutive clinical trials on <DIS> advanced nsclc </DIS> assessing <TREAT> combination chemotherapy of cisplatin , ifosfamide and irinotecan with rhg-csf support </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : both the response rate and survival data in this retrospective study suggest a high degree of activity of this <TREAT> combination chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> brain metastases from nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 the aim of this study was the evaluation of both the antitumour activity and toxicity of an <TREAT> immunochemotherapeutic regimen consisting of interferon-alpha2b and interleukin-2 in combination with fotemustine </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> metastatic melanoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 to explore the induction of <TREAT> chemotherapy ( ct ) </TREAT> dna damage and its correlation with tumor response and patient survival , we undertook the present study in 20 <DIS> small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) </DIS> patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in patients with <DIS> metastatic colorectal cancer </DIS> , <TREAT> intravenous oxaliplatin </TREAT> has been trialled as a monotherapy and in combination with other agents .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> neoadjuvant therapy with oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/folinic acid </TREAT> has proven beneficial in enabling surgical removal of previously <DIS> unresectable liver metastases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in 2 studies , <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> with curative intent was performed in 16 and 51 % of patients with initially <DIS> unresectable liver metastases </DIS> following <TREAT> oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/folinic acid therapy </TREAT> ; the 5-year survival rates were 40 and 50 % , respectively .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in patients with <DIS> advanced ovarian cancer </DIS> , first-line therapy with <TREAT> oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide </TREAT> achieved an objective response rate which did not differ significantly from that of <TREAT> cisplatin/cyclophosphamide </TREAT> ( 33 vs 42 % ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in addition , <TREAT> oxaliplatin </TREAT> has shown efficacy in patients with <DIS> platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer </DIS> and achieved objective response rates similar to paclitaxel in this setting ( 16 vs 17 % ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
promising results have also been found with <TREAT> oxaliplatin </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> non-hodgkin 's lymphoma , breast cancer , mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> oxaliplatin in combination with fluorouracil/folinic acid </TREAT> is an effective treatment option for patients with <DIS> metastatic colorectal cancer </DIS> , both as a first-line therapy and in patients refractory to previous chemotherapy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
additional clinical investigation of <TREAT> oxaliplatin </TREAT> in patients with other <DIS> cancers </DIS> is warranted given the promising results achieved in early trials , most notably in patients with platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> combined modality treatment </TREAT> has 'come out of age ' and increasingly represents standard of care for a rapidly growing number of patients in locally advanced stages of <DIS> nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the current study was designed to assess the prognostic value of immunomorphologic changes in locoregional lymph nodes and lymphocytic infiltration of primary tumor ( li ) in patients who undergo <TREAT> resection </TREAT> for <DIS> bronchogenic carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : lymph node immunoreactivity and li significantly influence long term survival after <TREAT> curative surgery </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> carcinoma of the lung </DIS> and may be useful in stratifying patients for prospective trials of adjuvant treatment , including immunotherapy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the drug is currently in phase iii clinical trials for patients with <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> in combination with <TREAT> paclitaxel and carboplatin </TREAT> , as well as in <DIS> advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer </DIS> in combination with <TREAT> mitoxantrone </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
standard treatment of <DIS> sclc </DIS> consists of <TREAT> platinum-based combination chemotherapy </TREAT> , with thoracic irradiation added for patients with limited-stage disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
several newer <TREAT> chemotherapeutic drugs </TREAT> have recently been shown to have significant activity in patients with <DIS> untreated or relapsed sclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we recently performed <TREAT> completion pneumonectomy of the left lung </TREAT> in a 70-year-old man with hemophilia a , for <DIS> squamous cell carcinoma </DIS> in the residual left lung .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 objective : several reports emphasize the importance of <TREAT> en-bloc resection </TREAT> as the optimal surgical treatment of <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> with chest wall invasion .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : between 1981 and 1998 , 100 patients ( 90 male ; ten female ) , with a median age of 60 years ( 36-84 ) , underwent <TREAT> radical en-bloc resection </TREAT> of <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> with chest wall involvement .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
over the past 17 years ( 1981 to 1997 ) , 29 patients underwent <TREAT> complete pulmonary resection </TREAT> for <DIS> primary lung cancer </DIS> accompanied by satellite nodules in the same lobe as the primary .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
of 1 , 042 patients with <DIS> primary lung cancer </DIS> who underwent <TREAT> resection </TREAT> from 1982 to 1995 , 549 patients with adenocarcinoma ( ad ) and 363 with squamous cell carcinoma ( sq ) were included in this study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
for <DIS> small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) </DIS> , which accounts for approximately 20 % of cases of lung cancer , the primary treatment is <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> and in the majority of cases the primary aim is to control the disease which generally would have spread beyond the lungs at the time of presentation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 a growing body of evidence suggests that <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> postoperative irradiation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> for <DIS_SIDE_EFF> non-small cell lung cancer </DIS_SIDE_EFF> may cause life-threatening toxicity and , when the risk of local-regional recurrence is low , the toxicity of irradiation may outweight the benefit .||SIDE_EFF
as a best-case scenario , <TREAT> postoperative irradiation </TREAT> may improve the chance for long-term survival in patients with <DIS> n2 tumors </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 for patients with <DIS> stage i or ii non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) </DIS> , <TREAT> surgical resection </TREAT> is considered the standard of care .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
efforts at improving survival for <DIS> early-stage nsclc </DIS> patients have focused on the use of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> administered postoperatively ( adjuvant ) or preoperatively ( neoadjuvant or induction ) to eradicate <DIS> micrometastatic disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> administered before surgery or definitive irradiation has improved survival rates in patients with <DIS> stage iii nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
patients : patients with a single ( n = 2 , 764 ) and synchronous <DIS> nsclc </DIS> ( n = 85 ) who underwent <TREAT> pulmonary resection </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : <TREAT> prophylactic cranial irradiation </TREAT> halves the rate of brain metastases in patients with <DIS> small cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
objectives : this study aims to test whether <TREAT> prophylactic cranial irradiation </TREAT> prolongs survival of patients with <DIS> small cell lung cancer </DIS> in complete remission .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
reviewer 's conclusions : <TREAT> prophylactic cranial irradiation </TREAT> significantly improves survival and disease-free survival for patients with <DIS> small cell lung cancer </DIS> in complete remission .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : <DIS> non-small cell lung cancer </DIS> cells were treated with <TREAT> gemcitabine </TREAT> , harvested , and nuclear extracts analyzed for nf-kappab dna binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assays .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
novel treatment strategies for patients with <DIS> advanced nsclc </DIS> may involve <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> combined with inhibition of nf-kappab-dependent cell-survival pathways .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> combination chemotherapy </TREAT> is the cornerstone of treatment that confers a meaningful survival benefit for patients with <DIS> small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
in single-agent phase ii studies , <TREAT> irinotecan </TREAT> yielded response rates between 16 % and 47 % in patients with previously treated <DIS> small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
a phase ii study of <TREAT> irinotecan in combination with cisplatin ( platinol ) </TREAT> resulted in a response rate of 86 % and a median survival of 13.0 months in patients with <DIS> extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
based on these results , the <TREAT> irinotecan and cisplatin combination </TREAT> is a new standard regimen in the treatment of <DIS> extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : both <TREAT> gemcitabine and etoposide </TREAT> are active in the treatment of <DIS> small-cell lung cancer ( sclc ) </DIS> , and are characterised by mild toxicity profiles .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
patients and methods : forty-two chemo-naive extensive disease <DIS> sclc </DIS> patients were enrolled to receive <TREAT> gemcitabine </TREAT> 1000 mg/m2 , days 1 , 8 and 15 , and <TREAT> etoposide </TREAT> 80 mg/m2 , days 8 , 9 and 10 of a 28-day cycle .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : to find the maximum tolerated dose for <TREAT> ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin </TREAT> in <DIS> small-cell lung cancer </DIS> patients ( sclc ) , who are resistant to cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin and etoposide ( cde ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : the maximum tolerated dose of this combination for patients with <DIS> resistant sclc </DIS> is <TREAT> ifosfamide </TREAT> 2000 mg/m2 in combination with <TREAT> paclitaxel </TREAT> 175 mg/m2 and <TREAT> carboplatin </TREAT> auc 6 mg/ml min administered on the first day of a 21-day cycle .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
many <TREAT> endobronchial treatment modalities </TREAT> are available to supplement traditional therapies for <DIS> advanced lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
methods : the author reviews the use of several <TREAT> endobronchial treatment modalities that can augment standard antitumor therapies </TREAT> for advanced <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> , including rigid and flexible bronchoscopy , laser therapy , endobronchial prosthesis , and photodynamic therapy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : <TREAT> endobronchial interventions </TREAT> are important adjuncts in the multimodality management of <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> and should become standard considerations in the management of patients with advanced lung cancer .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 standard operations for <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> patients are generally accepted as performing <TREAT> lobectomy or pneumonectomy </TREAT> on the tumor baring lung and ipsilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy including subcarinal lymph nodes .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> small cell lung cancer </DIS> is a frequently relapsing tumor despite a high rate of response after first-line <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
for <DIS> symptomatic metastases in bone or brain </DIS> , <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> usually gives temporary palliation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
for <DIS> intrathoracic relapse and severe obstruction of main bronchus and/or superior caval vein </DIS> , <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> is a possibility if not given as part of first-line treatment .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT_PREV> tumor vaccines </TREAT_PREV> against gangliosides that are expressed on almost all human <DIS_PREV> sclc </DIS_PREV> cells have been recently developed .||PREVENT
an <TREAT> anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody </TREAT> against the gd3 ganglioside , bec-2 , is being evaluated after chemotherapy in <DIS> sclc </DIS> patients in a european study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
the <TREAT> matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors marimastat and bms-275291 </TREAT> are under evaluation in <DIS> sclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 we attempted a new regimen of intermittent administration of <TREAT> 5-fu and low-dose isovorin ( f.i ) </TREAT> to four patients with advanced and recurrent <DIS> colon cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 purpose/objectives : to describe the relationship between fatigue and nutritional status in patients receiving <TREAT> radiation therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
sample : 45 adults with primary <DIS> cancer of the lung </DIS> receiving < outpatient primary or adjuvant <TREAT> radiation therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
we present the case of a patient with <DIS> metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and renal failure </DIS> who underwent successful <TREAT> systemic chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 background : the objective of this phase ii study was to evaluate the concept of <TREAT> sequential chemotherapy </TREAT> in the treatment of patients with <DIS> advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma ( nsclc ) </DIS> by the administration of <TREAT> carboplatin plus gemcitabine followed by of paclitaxel </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : this study is the first to evaluate <TREAT> planned sequential chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> nsclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
patients who benefit from a <TREAT> surgical resection </TREAT> for <DIS> non-small-cell lung cancer </DIS> with aneuploid dna content prove to have a higher risk of death .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 purpose : this randomized trial was designed to determine whether <TREAT> paclitaxel plus carboplatin ( pc ) </TREAT> offered a survival advantage over <TREAT> vinorelbine plus cisplatin ( vc ) </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> advanced non -- small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusion : <TREAT> pc </TREAT> is equally efficacious as <TREAT> vc </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> advanced non -- small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 purpose : a prospective randomized trial in small-cell lung cancer ( sclc ) was performed to determine if intensification of the platinum dose by giving <TREAT> cisplatin and carboplatin </TREAT> in combination to patients with <DIS> sclc </DIS> yields higher response rates and survival , than <TREAT> carboplatin alone in a combination chemotherapy regimen </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
conclusions : the <TREAT> intensification of platinum dose ( cisplatin plus carboplatin ) in combination chemotherapy </TREAT> significantly increased the complete response rate , overall survival and number of two-year survivors among <DIS> sclc </DIS> patients with limited disease compared to <TREAT> combination therapy with carboplatin alone </TREAT> , suggesting that a more aggressive treatment to this category of patients is worthwhile , while no difference in treatment outcome was observed for patients with extensive disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among technetium-99m tetrofosmin ( tc-tf ) accumulation in untreated small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) , the expression of p-glycoprotein ( pgp ) and multidrug resistance related protein-1 ( mrp1 ) , and the response to <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> untreated sclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
tc-tf chest scintigraphy correlated well with pgp or mrp1 expression and accurately predicted the response to <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> sclc </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> exploratory interventions , partial tumor resections and lung resections </TREAT> for <DIS> metastasis </DIS> were more frequently performed in young patients than in older patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 in the present report , we reviewed articles on <TREAT> pulmonary angiography </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> pulmonary hypertension </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> prophylactic cranial irradiation ( pci ) </TREAT> has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the incidence of brain relapse from <DIS> limited disease small-cell lung cancer ( ld sclc ) </DIS> , but concerns about neurologic toxicity remain .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
thus , twice-daily <TREAT> pci </TREAT> should be considered for patients with <DIS> ld sclc </DIS> who achieve a complete response to chemoirradiation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 animal studies suggest that the kidney is involved in the elimination of <TREAT> recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhg-csf ) </TREAT> , which is used for patients with <DIS> neutropenia </DIS> during <DIS> cancer </DIS> <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> amifostine ( wr-2721 ) </TREAT_PREV> is a cytoprotective agent that protects a broad range of normal tissues from the <DIS_PREV> toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy </DIS_PREV> without attenuating tumour response .||PREVENT
in a pivotal phase iii trial , 242 patients with <DIS> advanced ovarian cancer </DIS> were randomised to receive treatment with <TREAT> cisplatin </TREAT> 100 mg/m2 and <TREAT> cyclophosphamide </TREAT> 1000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks with or without pretreatment with intravenous amifostine 910 mg/m2 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
over 6 cycles of therapy , <TREAT> amifostine </TREAT> significantly reduced <DIS> haematological , renal and neurological toxicities </DIS> : treatment delays , treatment discontinuation and days in hospital related to these adverse events were also significantly reduced in patients receiving amifostine versus patients receiving chemotherapy alone .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> in another randomised phase iii trial in 303 patients with <DIS> head and neck cancer </DIS> undergoing <TREAT> irradiation therapy </TREAT> ( total dose 50 to 70gy ) , pretreatment with intravenous <TREAT_PREV> amifostine </TREAT_PREV> 200 mg/m2 significantly reduced the incidence of acute and late grade > or =2 <DIS_PREV> xerostomia </DIS_PREV> .||TO_SEE
<TREAT> amifostine </TREAT> ( 340 mg/m2 ) also provided significant protection against <DIS> pneumonitis and oesophagitis </DIS> in patients with <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> receiving <TREAT> thoracic irradiation </TREAT> in a preliminary report from a phase iii trial ( n = 144 ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> amifostine </TREAT> has also been shown to stimulate haematopoietic stem cells and has been investigated as a therapy for patients with <DIS> myelodysplastic syndrome </DIS> in number of small preliminary studies .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> conclusion : the results of phase iii trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of <TREAT_PREV> amifostine </TREAT_PREV> as a cytoprotectant to ameliorate <DIS_PREV> cisplatin-induced cumulative renal toxicity </DIS_PREV> , for which it is the only agent proven to be effective , and <DIS_PREV> neutropenia </DIS_PREV> in patients with advanced ovarian cancer , and to reduce <DIS> xerostomia </DIS> in patients with <DIS> head and neck cancer </DIS> receiving <TREAT> irradiation therapy </TREAT> .||TO_SEE
depending on the outcome of numerous ongoing clinical trials , <TREAT> amifostine </TREAT> may eventually find broader clinical applications , both as a cytoprotectant and as a potential therapy in <DIS> myelodysplastic syndrome </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
to perform a curative operation for the <DIS> lung cancer </DIS> without myocardial infarction , <TREAT> minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass and left lower lobectomy with video-endoscopic assistance </TREAT> were performed simultaneously .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A review of the fetal-maternal carboxyhemoglobin relationships and the differences in fetal oxyhemoglobin physiology are used to explain the recommendation that pregnant women with <DIS> carbon monoxide poisoning </DIS> should receive 100 % <TREAT> oxygen therapy </TREAT> for up to five times longer than is otherwise necessary .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The authors describe the case of a child with <DIS> status epilepticus </DIS> in whom <TREAT> phenytoin </TREAT> was administered via the intraosseous route , and seizure resolution and therapeutic serum levels were achieved .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A patient suffering <DIS> baclofen overdose </DIS> successfully treated with <TREAT> atropine </TREAT> is reported .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Atropine </TREAT> appears to be useful in treating cases of <DIS> baclofen overdose </DIS> complicated by bradycardia and hypotension .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Therapeutic effect of a <TREAT> left ventricular assist device </TREAT> on <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> anasarca and acute renal failure </DIS> in severely burned patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Continuous renal replacement therapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> acute renal dysfunction </DIS> undergoing intraaortic balloon pump and/or left ventricular device support .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration </TREAT> in a wearable device to treat <DIS> end-stage renal disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effectiveness of <TREAT> neostigmine 0.07 mg kg-1 and edrophonium </TREAT> 0.8 mg kg-1 as antagonists of <DIS> profound neuromuscular blockade </DIS> induced by vecuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 or atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 was studied in 59 healthy patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Antagonism of atracurium-induced <DIS> neuromuscular blockade </DIS> by <TREAT> neostigmine or edrophonium </TREAT> has been studied using the tetanic ( 50 Hz ) and train-of-four ( 2 Hz ) or single twitch responses of the adductor pollicis muscle in 22 anaesthetized patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Active forms of vitamin D3 , 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 </TREAT> , were administered in an open-design study to 40 patients with <DIS> psoriasis vulgaris </DIS> in three ways : to 17 patients 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 was given orally at a dose of 1.0 micrograms/day for 6 months , to four patients 1 alpha , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was given orally at a dose of 0.5 microgram/day for 6 months , and 19 patients were given 1 alpha , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 applied topically at concentration of 0.5 microgram/g of base for 8 weeks .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These data suggest that <DIS> psoriasis </DIS> may respond to <TREAT> active metabolites of vitamin D3 </TREAT> and that abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism or in responsiveness of the skin cells to active metabolites of vitamin D may be involved in the pathogenesis of this skin disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Successful treatment of <DIS> psoriasis </DIS> with topical application of <TREAT> active vitamin D3 analogue , 1 alpha , 24-dihydroxycholecalciferol </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We suggest that <TREAT> 1 alpha , 24 ( OH ) 2D3 </TREAT> merits further investigation as a potentially useful topical therapy for <DIS> psoriasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
When <TREAT> indomethacin </TREAT> was applied immediately after irradiation , UVR ( ultraviolet radiation ) dose-dependent suppression of <DIS> erythema </DIS> was demonstrated for both wavelengths until 36 h after irradiation when both indomethacin and control gel base-treated sites were equally erythematous .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Suppression of <DIS> erythema </DIS> also occurred when application of <TREAT> indomethacin </TREAT> was delayed until 24 h after irradiation , showing that for both wavelengths prostaglandin synthesis remains increased throughout this period .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 There was one retinal dialysis , and one <DIS> lens dislocation </DIS> requiring <TREAT> extraction </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Rates of superoxide ( SA ) generation by blood monocytes stimulated ex vivo were studied before and during <TREAT> corticosteroid </TREAT> treatment of <DIS> rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) </DIS> patients , in control patients and in healthy controls .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Significant inhibition of monocyte SA output stimulated with IgG-treated zymosan ( ITZ ) and fluoride ion ( F ) , but not serum-treated zymosan ( STZ ) was demonstrated following <TREAT> steroid therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> RA </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Methotrexate ( MTX ) </TREAT> appears to be useful in patients with <DIS> rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) </DIS> refractory to other drugs but its long-term toxicity and efficacy are uncertain .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> MTX </TREAT> in a low-dose regimen is useful in <DIS> refractory RA </DIS> and superior to low-dose purine analogues .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Twelve patients with <DIS> intractable rheumatoid arthritis </DIS> were treated with <TREAT> antilymphocyte globulin ( ALG ) , prednisolone and a cytotoxic agent , usually azathioprine </TREAT> , and were followed for 1 year .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Rigid ureteroscopy </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> ureteric calculi </DIS> : experience in 120 cases .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Over a 1-year period , <TREAT> rigid ureteroscopy </TREAT> has been used to retrieve <DIS> ureteric calculi </DIS> in 120 patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Eleven patients with <DIS> vesicoureteric reflux </DIS> secondary to neuropathic bladder were treated by <TREAT> endoscopic injection of pyrolised polytetrafluoroethylene ( Polytef ) paste </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Two hundred and seventy-seven patients with <DIS> advanced prostatic cancer </DIS> were treated by either <TREAT> orchiectomy or oestrogen </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Use of scarred flaps and secondary flaps for <TREAT> reconstructive surgery </TREAT> of <DIS> extensive burns </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A patient with a <DIS> vesico-enteric fistula </DIS> was successfully treated with <TREAT> resection of the small intestine and dome of the bladder and drainage of the intervening abscess </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Supramaximal horizontal rectus surgery </TREAT> in the management of <DIS> third and sixth nerve palsy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Supramaximal medial and lateral rectus surgery </TREAT> was performed to correct <DIS> horizontal deviations in seven cases of sixth nerve palsy and three cases of third nerve palsy </DIS> , with satisfactory results in most cases .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Steroid therapy </TREAT> was also used in two patients with <DIS> NSAID-induced proteinuria </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Recombinant leukocyte A interferon ( rIFN-alpha A ) </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> disseminated malignant melanoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Ninety-six patients with <DIS> disseminated malignant melanoma </DIS> received thrice weekly intramuscular injections of <TREAT> leukocyte A recombinant interferon ( rIFN-alpha A , Roferon-A , Hoffmann La Roche ) </TREAT> at doses of 12 X 10 ( 6 ) U/m2 or 50 X 10 ( 6 ) U/m2 with or without cimetidine as an immunorestorative agent .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 As noted previously , using chemotherapy , a small proportion of patients with <DIS> advanced malignant melanoma </DIS> , despite prior therapy , may achieve prolonged objective regression with <TREAT> rIFN-alpha A </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Clinical course of breast cancer patients with <DIS> osseous metastasis </DIS> treated with <TREAT> combination chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Between July 1973 and December 1979 , 1171 patients with <DIS> metastatic breast cancer </DIS> were treated with <TREAT> doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Two patients with <DIS> metastatic dysgerminoma of the ovary </DIS> were treated with <TREAT> a combination of etoposide , bleomycin , and cisplatin </TREAT> at The University of Texas M.D .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Chemotherapy </TREAT> may be an alternative to radiotherapy for the treatment of <DIS> metastatic dysgerminoma </DIS> and should also be considered for selected patients with Stage I disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Long-term survival and morbidity in patients with <DIS> metastatic malignant germ cell tumors </DIS> treated with <TREAT> cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> advanced stage mycosis fungoides </DIS> with <TREAT> bleomycin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate with topical nitrogen mustard ( BAM-M ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Ten patients with <DIS> advanced stage ( TNM IIB-IVB ) mycosis fungoides </DIS> were treated with a <TREAT> combination chemotherapy program consisting of bleomycin and methotrexate weekly , doxorubicin every 3 weeks , and topical nitrogen mustard daily ( BAM-M ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Three patients in whom <DIS> splenomegaly </DIS> was detected during their staging evaluation underwent <TREAT> splenectomy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 This study indicates that <TREAT> BAM-M </TREAT> is effective therapy for <DIS> advanced stage mycosis fungoides </DIS> and suggests that the therapeutic role of splenectomy should be evaluated further .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Only patients whose <DIS> primary head and neck tumor </DIS> shows a response to systemic therapy undergo <TREAT> Ommaya placement </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Additional <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> may thus have eradicated these <DIS> micrometastases </DIS> in the older children , since the age influence on Stage II disease disappeared when multimodal treatment was given in this study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Traditional therapy for <DIS> malignant pleural effusions </DIS> includes <TREAT> thoracentesis or tube drainage </TREAT> with instillation of irritants to achieve pleurodesis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 We feel that <TREAT> pleuroperitoneal shunting </TREAT> is a valid new method for treatment of <DIS> malignant pleural effusions </DIS> which can effectively palliate respiratory symptoms with low morbidity .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 When <DIS> right ventricular failure </DIS> prohibits separation from cardiopulmonary bypass , <TREAT> standard methods of increasing pulmonary blood flow </TREAT> should be employed , including correction of hypoxia and acidosis , volume loading , and inotropic support of the right ventricle .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 For <DIS> refractory right ventricular failure </DIS> following the surgical repair of congenital cardiac defects in which the placement of right atrial and pulmonary artery cannulae is not technically feasible , <TREAT> use of high-frequency high-volume ventilation </TREAT> appears to be quite promising .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Current results suggest that <TREAT> RHBP </TREAT> remains the gold standard for <DIS> severe RV failure </DIS> , but further clinical experience with PABC may more clearly define its role in the management of RV failure .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Guiding <TREAT> surgical therapy </TREAT> of <DIS> ventricular tachycardia </DIS> by preoperative endocardial catheter mapping necessitates improvement of the accuracy of localization of the arrhythmogenic site .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 However , the results of this study indicate that <TREAT> procainamide </TREAT> may be effective in suppressing the induction of sustained <DIS> ventricular tachycardia </DIS> at a relatively low plasma concentration , but not at a higher plasma concentration .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Coronary angioplasty </TREAT> for <DIS> early postinfarction unstable angina </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Coronary angioplasty </TREAT> was performed in 53 patients in whom <DIS> unstable angina </DIS> had reoccurred after 48 hr and within 30 days after sustained myocardial infarction .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 At 6 months follow-up 26 % ( 14/53 ) of all the patients who underwent <TREAT> angioplasty </TREAT> had recurrence of <DIS> angina </DIS> , which was successfully treated with <TREAT> repeat angioplasty , bypass surgery , or medical therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Coronary dissection and total coronary occlusion </DIS> leading to <TREAT> emergency coronary surgery </TREAT> are the most frequent complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) and their occurrence usually is unpredictable .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effect of <TREAT> zanamivir </TREAT> on duration and resolution of <DIS> influenza </DIS> symptoms .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A comparison of a five-day regimen of <TREAT> cefdinir </TREAT> with a seven-day regimen of <TREAT> loracarbef </TREAT> for the treatment of acute exacerbations of <DIS> chronic bronchitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Initial empiric therapy for community-acquired <DIS> bacterial meningitis </DIS> should be based on the possibility that penicillin-resistant pneumococci may be the etiologic organisms and , hence , should include a combination of third-generation <TREAT> cephalosporin ( cefotaxime or ceftriaxone ) and vancomycin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Ampicillin </TREAT> should be included if the patient has predisposing factors that are associated with a risk for <DIS> infection with Listeria monocytogenes </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Results of clinical trials and meta-analysis suggest that <TREAT> dexamethasone therapy </TREAT> improves the outcome for patients with <DIS> bacterial meningitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Placebo-controlled trials have shown that <TREAT> vitamin C </TREAT> supplementation decreases the duration and severity of <DIS> common cold infections </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Since few trials have examined the effects of therapeutic supplementation and their results have been variable , further therapeutic trials are required to examine the role of <TREAT> vitamin C </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> colds </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following <TREAT> oral fludarabine </TREAT> treatment of <DIS> chronic lymphocytic leukemia </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 <TO_SEE> PURPOSE : To review reported <DIS_SIDE_EFF> inflammatory reactions </DIS_SIDE_EFF> occurring after initiation of highly active <TREAT> antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) </TREAT> in persons infected with <DIS> HIV-1 </DIS> and to explore the mechanisms leading to these reactions .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Levofloxacin versus intravenous ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanate </TREAT> in the treatment of community-acquired <DIS> pneumonia </DIS> that require hospitalization ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Overall 1 year survival ( operative deaths excluded ) was 68 % after <DIS> tumor </DIS> <TREAT> resection </TREAT> compared to 31 % after palliative surgery ( P < 0.001 ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The results of this study show that <TREAT> resection </TREAT> of <DIS> extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas </DIS> , particularly in an upper-third localization , is often associated with worthwhile long-term survival .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Background : <TREAT> N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) and ambroxol ( AMB ) </TREAT> have recently been proposed as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of <DIS> pulmonary disorders </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> Postoperative <DIS_SIDE_EFF> alkaline reflux </DIS_SIDE_EFF> after <TREAT> total gastrectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> stomach cancer </DIS> ||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Antimicrobial therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> respiratory disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Corticosteroids </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> croup </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> BACKGROUND : In the present study we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of <TREAT> i.m. octreotide acetate ( octreotide LAR ) </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> metastatic neuroendocrine tumors ( NETs ) </DIS> previously treated and failed on <TREAT_NO> i.m. lanreotide </TREAT_NO> .||TO_SEE
The PR was observed in one patient with <DIS> non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumor with progressive liver and lymph node metastases </DIS> after 16 months of <TREAT> i.m. lanreotide therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : <TREAT> Octreotide LAR </TREAT> 20 mg shows significant efficacy in terms of objective response rate ( PR + SD ) , biochemical and symptomatic control in patients with <DIS> metastatic NETs </DIS> of the GEP system pretreated and progressing on slow release lanreotide .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Inchinko-to ( TJ-135 ) </TREAT> is a herbal medicine consisting of three kinds of crude drugs , and in Japan it is administered mainly to patients with <DIS> cholestasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The present study evaluated the effects of <TREAT> TJ-135 </TREAT> on <DIS> concanavalin A ( con A ) -induced hepatitis </DIS> in mice in vivo and con A-induced cytokine production in vitro .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These results suggest that <DIS> con A-induced hepatitis </DIS> was ameliorated by pretreatment with <TREAT> TJ-135 </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Therefore administration of <TREAT> TJ-135 </TREAT> may be useful in patients with severe acute <DIS> hepatitis accompanying cholestasis </DIS> or in those with <DIS> autoimmune hepatitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Zinc lozenges </TREAT> -- a cure for <DIS> common colds </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> T-helper type 2 cell-directed therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effects of the <TREAT> Japanese herbal medicine 'Inchinko-to ' ( TJ-135 ) </TREAT> on <DIS> concanavalin A-induced hepatitis </DIS> in mice .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Presumed cavernomas have been documented following <TREAT> radiation </TREAT> for <DIS> malignancy </DIS> ( 5-6 ) , and sterotactic cerebral biopsy ( 7 ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> syringomyelia associated with spinal adhesive arachnoiditis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for <DIS> cryptococcal meningitis </DIS> in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active <TREAT> antiretroviral therapy </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Hepatectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> cholangiocarcinoma </DIS> complicated with right umbilical portion : anomalous configuration of the intrahepatic biliary tree .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Traditionally , the therapy of <DIS> symptomatic bronchiectasis </DIS> is based on <TREAT> antibiotics , antibronchoobstructive medication , and chest physical therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Bilateral lung transplantation </TREAT> should be considered in younger patients with severe , generalized <DIS> bronchiectasis and respiratory failure </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Prospective , randomized , largescale trials supporting any of the different treatment strategies are not available , but <TREAT> antibiotics and surgery </TREAT> probably have improved the long-term outcome of many patients with <DIS> bronchiectasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVES : Interest in <TREAT> zinc </TREAT> as a treatment for the <DIS> common cold </DIS> has grown following the recent publication of several controlled trials .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of <TREAT> zinc lozenges </TREAT> for <DIS> cold symptoms </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Results from two trials ( 04 - Mossad ; 08 - Smith ) suggested <TREAT> zinc lozenges </TREAT> reduced the severity and duration of <DIS> cold symptoms </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Given the potential for treatment to produce side effects , the use of <TREAT> zinc lozenges </TREAT> to treat <DIS> cold symptoms </DIS> deserves further study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Randomized trial of <TREAT> interferon-alpha plus ursodeoxycholic acid </TREAT> versus <TREAT> interferon plus placebo </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis C resistant to interferon </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 We describe a rare case of <DIS> spontaneous rupture of a hepatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma </DIS> that was treated successfully by <TREAT> hepatic arterial embolization </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A 65-year-old woman , who had been undergoing <TREAT> immunotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> inoperably disseminated renal carcinoma and lung metastases </DIS> , presented with severe abdominal pain in a state of hypovolemic shock .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Although hepatic rupture due to metastatic cancer is extremely rare , <TREAT> transcatheter arterial embolization ( TAE ) </TREAT> is an appropriate and useful treatment for <DIS> massive hemorrhage caused by spontaneous rupture of liver metastasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patients with classical symptoms such as <DIS> heartburn and regurgitation </DIS> may be treated <TREAT> pharmaceutically combined with life style counselling </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Surgical treatment </TREAT> is a good alternative for patients with <DIS> persistent severe regurgitation </DIS> during medical therapy and for young patients who prefer surgery to lifelong medication .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> lung lacerations and major bronchial disruptions </DIS> caused by blunt thoracic trauma .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : An increasing number of reports indicate symptomatic relief of biliary colic symptoms after <TREAT> cholecystectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> biliary dyskinesia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Despite this , <TREAT> cholecystectomy </TREAT> as a treatment for <DIS> biliary dyskinesia </DIS> remains controversial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Our aim was to determine efficacy of <TREAT> cholecystectomy </TREAT> in alleviating <DIS> biliary dyskinesia symptoms </DIS> and the correlation with histologic findings .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : <DIS> Biliary dyskinesia </DIS> patients who underwent <TREAT> cholecystectomy </TREAT> had significantly greater symptom improvement compared with nonsurgical patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Cholecystectomy </TREAT> should be a first-line therapy for <DIS> biliary dyskinesia </DIS> patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Transbronchial biopsy revealed <DIS> inflammatory nonspecific alveolar lesions suggestive of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia </DIS> , which responded well clinically and radiologically to <TREAT> oral corticosteroids </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Novel treatment strategies for patients with <DIS> advanced NSCLC </DIS> may involve <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> combined with inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent cell-survival pathways .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effectiveness of <TREAT> pseudoephedrine plus acetaminophen </TREAT> for treatment of symptoms attributed to the paranasal sinuses associated with the <DIS> common cold </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : This retrospective study was designed to confirm that <TREAT> aggressive pulmonary resection </TREAT> can provide effective long-term palliation of disease for patients with <DIS> pulmonary aspergilloma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
METHODS AND RESULTS : From 1959 to 1998 , 84 patients underwent a total of 90 <TREAT> operations </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> pulmonary aspergilloma </DIS> in the Marie-Lannelongue Hospital .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The <DIS> lesion </DIS> was resected by <TREAT> video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery </TREAT> because it was suspected of being a lung abscess that had caused repeated episodes of inflammation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In this study , we investigated the expression and therapeutic potential of <TREAT> TRAIL </TREAT> in <DIS> cholangiocarcinoma </DIS> , one of the most devastating human hepatic malignancies .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Finally , in vivo administration of recombinant <TREAT> TRAIL </TREAT> substantially inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth of human <DIS> cholangiocarcinoma </DIS> cells .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells is possible with a biologically active <TREAT> TRAIL </TREAT> , and suggests that this cytokine is a promising antitumor agent against <DIS> human cholangiocarcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Interferon </TREAT> plays a critical role in the host 's natural defense against <DIS> viral infections </DIS> and in their treatment .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
This study investigated whether intensive <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> might have a positive effect on <DIS> asthma </DIS> in these special cases and whether asthma generally relapses after completion of chemotherapy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The authors monitored clinical outcome and lung function of 43 children with <DIS> acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma </DIS> who received <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> at the University Children 's Hospital of Greifswald between 1993 and 1998 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
She was diagnosed as <DIS> miliary tuberculosis </DIS> and treated with <TREAT> antituberculous drugs </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The <DIS> hemorrhage </DIS> was successfully stopped by <TREAT> microcoil embolization </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Immunomodulatory effects of <TREAT> acupuncture </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> allergic asthma </DIS> : a randomized controlled study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 An open-label study of <TREAT> lamivudine </TREAT> for <DIS> chronic hepatitis B </DIS> in six patients with chronic renal failure before and after kidney transplantation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : The WDTA is an intrinsically motivating educational program that has the ability to effect determinants of <DIS> asthma </DIS> <TREAT> self-management </TREAT> behavior in 9- to 13-year-old children with asthma .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Usefulness of <TREAT> percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> surgical jaundice </DIS> -- a prospective randomised study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Neutralization of <DIS> hepatitis A virus ( HAV ) </DIS> by an <TREAT> immunoadhesin containing the cysteine-rich region of HAV cellular receptor-1 </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 To ascertain the results of <TREAT> standard ABVD chemotherapy ( doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , dacarbazine ) </TREAT> in HIV-infected patients with <DIS> newly diagnosed Hodgkin 's disease ( HD ) </DIS> , a nonrandomized , prospective , multiinstitutional clinical trial was conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group ( ACTG ) , in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin 's disease .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effectiveness of <TREAT> glucocorticoids </TREAT> in treating <DIS> croup </DIS> : meta-analysis ( see comments ) ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 PURPOSE : Inhaled <TREAT> corticosteroids </TREAT> have beneficial effects on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with <DIS> asthma </DIS> , but they also cause systemic adverse effects , such as adrenal suppression .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Second , children in the first year of life are at highest risk of progression and should be treated with <TREAT_PREV> trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole </TREAT_PREV> to prevent <DIS_PREV> Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia </DIS_PREV> , and targeted for receiving antiretrovirals .||PREVENT
 Effectiveness of <TREAT> casein hydrolysate </TREAT> feedings in infants with <DIS> colic </DIS> ( see comments ) ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We conclude that <TREAT> antimicrobial/ antituberculous agents </TREAT> have only a minor short-term effect in long-lasting <DIS> CGM </DIS> of undetermined cause .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The patient had previously been immunized with two doses of <DIS_PREV> Hib </DIS_PREV> conjugate <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> ( PRP-T ) .||PREVENT
Thus , s-ECP appears to be a useful marker for determining when a step-down in <TREAT> iBDP therapy </TREAT> is indicated , and thus may contribute to successful long-term management of <DIS> chronic asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> Twinrix </TREAT_PREV> ( SmithKline Beecham Biologicals ) is a combined <DIS_PREV> hepatitis A and B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> licensed with a three-dose schedule .||PREVENT
A two-dose combined <DIS_PREV> hepatitis A and B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> would facilitate immunisation programs .||PREVENT
Therefore , it can be concluded that with two injections of the high-dose <DIS_PREV> hepatitis A and B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> , 6 months apart , a similar immune response can be obtained as induced with three doses of <TREAT_PREV> Twinrix </TREAT_PREV> at months 0 , 1 and 6 .||PREVENT
 AIM : To assess the impact on community-based pediatricians of the conclusions of the 10th Conference de Consensus en Therapeutique Anti-Infectieuse ( CCTAI ) on the <TREAT> antibiotic treatment </TREAT> in <DIS> acute nasopharyngitis ( ANP ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : These data , the first evidence that chronic stress can inhibit the stability of the IgG antibody response to a <TREAT_PREV> bacterial vaccine </TREAT_PREV> for <DIS_PREV> pneumonia </DIS_PREV> , provide additional evidence of health risks associated with dementia caregiving .||PREVENT
 We assessed the prevalence of head louse infestation and the effectiveness of <TREAT> 1 % permethrin </TREAT> against <DIS> head lice </DIS> in Kosovar refugees .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Refugees with <DIS> crawling lice </DIS> were treated with a <TREAT> pediculicide containing 1 % permethrin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We conclude that <TREAT> 1 % permethrin treatment </TREAT> was effective in <DIS> louse </DIS> control in this refugee population .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Antibiotics </TREAT> for <DIS> Salmonella meningitis </DIS> in children .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Four patients developed mild <DIS> pancreatitis </DIS> , one had moderate <DIS> pancreatitis </DIS> and one had leak of contrast , which was treated by <TREAT> administration of clear fluids </TREAT> orally for one day .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 We treated two children with <DIS> influenza-associated acute encephalopathy </DIS> by a <TREAT> combination of mild hypothermia and steroid pulse therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Successful treatment of <DIS> anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections </DIS> requires a <TREAT> combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical interventions </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome </DIS> by <TREAT> transvenous occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coils </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 PURPOSE : <TREAT> Macrolide antibiotics </TREAT> are frequently prescribed to patients with <DIS> symptoms of a common cold </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Because the symptoms of rhinovirus colds are attributed to the inflammatory response to infection , we studied the effects of treatment with <TREAT> clarithromycin </TREAT> on the symptomatic and inflammatory response to nasal inoculation with <DIS> rhinovirus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Therapeutic pneumothorax ( TP ) </TREAT> proved its efficacy in pre-antibiotic era , so one can assume that it can be applied with the same success in <DIS> multidrug resistant TB </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In conclusion , in some cases of <DIS> MDR TB </DIS> , the <TREAT> TP </TREAT> ( if there are no pleural adherences ) may lead to good results .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Acupuncture </TREAT> treatment of <DIS> common cold </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : These data , the first evidence that chronic stress can inhibit the stability of the IgG antibody response to a <TREAT_PREV> bacterial vaccine </TREAT_PREV> for <DIS_PREV> pneumonia </DIS_PREV> , provide additional evidence of health risks associated with dementia caregiving .||PREVENT
When <DIS> bleeding </DIS> is stopped via <TREAT> surgical or radiological methods </TREAT> , the clinical course of hemobilia-associated pancreatitis appears to be benign .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A case of <DIS> biliary stenosis </DIS> in polycystic liver improved by <TREAT> injection of minocycline hydrochloride </TREAT> to a hepatic cyst ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The <DIS> ruptured horn </DIS> was excised by <TREAT> laparotomy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Therapy designed to control the <DIS> efferent phase of established asthma </DIS> by <TREAT> augmenting down-regulatory Th1 counterbalancing mechanisms </TREAT> should be effective .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
All children with <DIS> croup </DIS> symptoms who demonstrate increased work of breathing in the clinics or emergency departments should be treated with <TREAT> glucocorticoids </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Increasing resistance among the <DIS> common respiratory pathogens </DIS> has encouraged assessment of alternative agents , for example , <TREAT> levofloxacin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Unlike earlier quinolones , <TREAT> levofloxacin </TREAT> has excellent activity against <DIS> Streptococcus pneumoniae </DIS> , including strains resistant to penicillin .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Clinical trials show <TREAT> levofloxacin </TREAT> to be as effective as cephalosporins in acute exacerbation of <DIS> chronic bronchitis </DIS> and as effective as co-amoxiclav , cephalosporins or amoxycillin in <DIS> community-acquired pneumonia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Additionally , epidemiologic evidence of a marked decline in new <DIS> KS </DIS> since the widespread use of <TREAT> highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) </TREAT> advocates its use .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A field study was carried out to evaluate the effect of <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> swine enzootic pneumonia </DIS_PREV> in different production systems ( closed or one-site , and open , two- or three-site , systems ) .||PREVENT
 Humoral immune response after <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> in patients with breast cancer .||PREVENT
<TREAT> Gingyo-san </TREAT> and its components were administered orally to mice 1 day before , then 1 and 4 days after the inhalation of a <DIS> mouse-adopted strain of influenza A2 ( H2N2 ) virus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
From these results <TREAT> Gingyo-san </TREAT> was shown to be an antiviral agent in mice infected with a lethal amount of a <DIS> mouse-adopted strain of influenza A2 virus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association of recurrent abdominal pain and H. pylori infection in children and to evaluate the efficacy of <TREAT> antimicrobial treatment </TREAT> in patients with evidence of <DIS> infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patients with evidence of <DIS> infection with H. pylori </DIS> were treated with a <TREAT> combination of omeprazole , amoxicillin , and clarithromycin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Treatment with <TREAT> omeprazole , amoxicillin , and clarithromycin </TREAT> resulted in eradication of the <DIS> infection </DIS> in all and in resolution of the clinical symptoms in 15 ( 80 % ) of 19 patients who had a follow-up examination .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A <TREAT> combined therapy </TREAT> results in eradication of the <DIS> bacterium </DIS> and in improvement of the clinical symptoms in a significant majority of the patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In certain clinical settings , <TREAT> interventional radiologic procedures </TREAT> have become an important alternative to surgery in the treatment of <DIS> gallstones </DIS> and their complications ; techniques include <TREAT> percutaneous cholecystostomy and gallstone removal </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : The administration of <TREAT> salbutamol </TREAT> is permitted only by inhalation by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) for the management of <DIS> asthma and exercise-induced asthma </DIS> in athletes .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Urine was also obtained from subjects who had received the maximum dosage of inhaled <TREAT> salbutamol </TREAT> advisable for competing athletes to provide protection from exercise-induced asthma and treatment of <DIS> asthma </DIS> ( 1600 microg in 24 h , 800 microg being in the last 4 h ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Antimicrobials </TREAT> were prescribed to 175 ( 83.73 per cent ) patients with <DIS> common cold </DIS> and 78 ( 82.11 per cent ) patients with <DIS> diarrhea </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : to evaluate the possible existence of the so-called < Roux-en-Y syndrome > in a group of 21 patients who underwent <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> to correct <DIS> postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
All had undergone <TREAT> Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy </TREAT> ( 20 for <DIS> ulcer </DIS> and 1 for <DIS> gastric cancer </DIS> ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : we found no evidence of disturbances in gastric remnant emptying after <TREAT> Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy </TREAT> to treat <DIS> postoperative alkaline gastric reflux </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : Drainage methods for the gastric conduit after <TREAT> esophagectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> carcinoma </DIS> have been controversial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : This study indicates that the use of a computerized physician reminder and a mailed patient reminder had a positive impact on <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> immunizations </TREAT_PREV> for older adults in a large family practice office .||PREVENT
 Contemporary asthma management guidelines list <TREAT> inhaled corticosteroids </TREAT> as the preferred controller medication for patients with <DIS> persistent asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Fluticasone propionate </TREAT> is one of several inhaled corticosteroids used for the treatment of <DIS> asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A series of comparative analyses show that <TREAT> inhaled fluticasone propionate </TREAT> is more cost effective than oral zafirlukast and triamcinolone acetonide and slightly more cost effective than flunisolide in adult patients with <DIS> asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Quality-of-life assessments in patients with mild to moderate disease show that <TREAT> inhaled fluticasone propionate </TREAT> achieved improvements which were deemed to be clinically meaningful in patients with mild to moderate <DIS> asthma </DIS> ; these changes were significantly greater than those achieved with oral zafirlukast , inhaled triamcinolone acetonide or placebo .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : In addition to the considerable body of clinical evidence supporting the use of <TREAT> inhaled fluticasone propionate </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> asthma </DIS> , accumulating short term cost-effectiveness data also suggest that this agent can be administered for a similar or lower cost per outcome than other inhaled corticosteroids or oral zafirlukast .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Importantly , the clinical benefits offered by <TREAT> fluticasone propionate </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> persistent asthma </DIS> are accompanied by clinically significant improvements in quality of life .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : To describe the effect of <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> on long-term change in CD4 count and HIV RNA level , and on progression to AIDS or death .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Combination therapy with interferon-alpha ( IFN alpha ) plus Ribavirin </TREAT> has been shown to improve the response rate in patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis C </DIS> as compared to IFN alpha alone .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
To prove , whether <TREAT> Ribavirin </TREAT> has any additional effect on the decline of <DIS> hepatitis C viremia </DIS> during the first weeks of treatment patients with and without combination therapy were compared .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In patients with <TREAT> combination therapy </TREAT> , a further reduction of <DIS> viremia </DIS> level could be observed , whereas viremia levels in patients with IFN alpha alone slightly increased .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Ribavirin in combination with IFN alpha </TREAT> exerts an additional anti-viral/immunmodulatory effect which manifests itself in phase 2 of <DIS> hepatitis C viremia </DIS> decline .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Surgical clearance </TREAT> of <DIS> CBD stones </DIS> was achieved in 58 patients ( 93.5 % ; group Ia ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Use of <TREAT> ES </TREAT> to treat <DIS> CBD stones </DIS> on a routine basis was therefore not found to be any better than one-time surgical exploration .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effect of <TREAT> cholecystectomy </TREAT> on <DIS> gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
It is suggested that <DIS> damaged mucosal tissues </DIS> with <TREAT> AHF </TREAT> can be effectively compensated by enhanced regeneration response due to an adequately high dose intensity , suggesting a possible tolerability advantage for AHF .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Minimally invasive treatment of <DIS> abscesses </DIS> by <TREAT> CT-controlled drainage with a basket catheter system </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> PL granule </TREAT> is one of the most common forms of composite medicine for <DIS> colds </DIS> in Japan , including acetaminophen .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A 72-year old man who had been prescribed <TREAT> amiodarone </TREAT> for more than one year before for <DIS> arrhythmogenic right ventricular dystrophy </DIS> , repeatedly took PL granules at one-week intervals because of sneezing and fever .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
He needed <TREAT> mechanical ventilation </TREAT> for <DIS> severe hypoxemia </DIS> , but recovered with <TREAT> glucocorticoid pulse therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 In a follow-up study operative risk , postoperative functional disorders and incidence of anastomotic ( recurrent ) ulcer after <TREAT> partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy </TREAT> for <DIS> gastroduodenal ulcer </DIS> were evaluated in 52 patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> With regard to the high rate of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> recurrent ulcer </DIS_SIDE_EFF> <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> Roux-en-Y reconstruction </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> after <TREAT> partial gastrectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> primary ulcer surgery </DIS> should be avoided and reconstruction procedures preferred , which guarantee duodenogastric reflux .||TO_SEE
 OBJECTIVE : The aim of these studies was to compare the pharmacokinetics of <TREAT> inhaled fluticasone propionate ( FP ) </TREAT> after repeated administration via the Diskus or Diskhaler dry powder inhalers ( DPIs ) to patients with <DIS> mild-to-moderate asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : In patients with <DIS> asthma </DIS> receiving <TREAT> repeated inhaled doses of FP </TREAT> , the systemic exposure ( AUC ) after inhalation from the Diskus was similar to that from the Diskhaler , with no difference between the DPIs in the effects on cortisol suppression .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
DATA SYNTHESIS : Recently , an expert panel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended use of only three of 16 <TREAT> systemic antibiotics </TREAT> approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of <DIS> AOM </DIS> : <TREAT> amoxicillin , cefuroxime axetil , and ceftriaxone </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A three-step treatment algorithm for <DIS> refractory AOM </DIS> that employs <TREAT> amoxicillin , trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ( TMP/SMX ) , or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanate ( depending on the prior dose of and adherence to amoxicillin therapy ) , and ceftriaxone or tympanocentesis </TREAT> at steps 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively , appears rational and cost-effective .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : <TREAT> Amoxicillin </TREAT> remains the antibiotic of choice for initial empiric treatment of <DIS> AOM </DIS> , although the traditional dosage should be increased in patients at risk for drug-resistant S. pneumoniae .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We support the use of <TREAT_PREV> conjugate pneumococcal vaccine </TREAT_PREV> per guidelines for prevention of <DIS_PREV> Raom </DIS_PREV> from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , with consideration given to <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> for cases of rAOM that historically worsen during the flu season .||PREVENT
This model can be used to test the safety and efficacy of <TREAT> liver-assist devices </TREAT> aimed at temporizing the detoxification functions of the <DIS> failing liver </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Recent major epidemiologic trends in bacterial meningitis include a dramatic decline in the incidence of <DIS_PREV> Haemophilus influenzae meningitis </DIS_PREV> since the introduction of the <TREAT_PREV> protein-conjugated H. influenzae vaccines </TREAT_PREV> , and a worldwide increase in infections with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens .||PREVENT
 dverse outcomes and <TREAT> opioid analgesic administration </TREAT> in <DIS> acute abdominal pain </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We examined the remnant stomach for H. pylori infection after <TREAT> gastrectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> gastric cancer or peptic ulcer </DIS> between October 1992 and July 1997 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The recent introduction of <TREAT> ribavirin </TREAT> , given in combination , has led to a re-appraisal of the management of <DIS> chronic hepatitis C </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The current report considers the additional benefit of <TREAT> combination therapy ( interferon alfa and ribavirin ) </TREAT> compared with monotherapy ( interferon alfa alone ) for the treatment of patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis C </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
OBJECTIVE : To review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of <TREAT> combination therapy with interferon alfa and ribavirin </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis C </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Sida cordifolia L. ( Malvaceae ) </TREAT> is used in folk medicine for the treatment of <DIS> inflammation of the oral mucosa , blenorrhea , asthmatic bronchitis and nasal congestion </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of <TREAT> Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> tuberculosis </DIS> in KwaZulu , South Africa , 1991-97 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy of <TREAT> oral tacrolimus </TREAT> as an induction agent in <DIS> steroid-refractory severe colitis </DIS> .Study design : Open-label , multicenter trial of oral tacrolimus in patients with severe colitis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : Although <TREAT> tacrolimus </TREAT> is effective induction therapy for <DIS> severe ulcerative or Crohn 's colitis </DIS> , fewer than 50 % of patients treated will successfully achieve a long-term remission .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection </DIS> was one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients , leading to blindness or life-threatening disease in about 40 % of patients in the later stages of AIDS before <TREAT> highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT_PREV> New vaccines </TREAT_PREV> are under study to further control <DIS_PREV> bacterial meningitis </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
The study involved 117 infants ( mean age 2.6 months ) , who needed <TREAT> hospital treatment </TREAT> because of <DIS> RSV bronchiolitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
According to the present study it seems that <TREAT> inhaled corticosteroid treatment </TREAT> during and after the acute phase of <DIS> infant RSV bronchiolitis </DIS> may have a beneficial effect on subsequent bronchial wheezing tendency .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : This study was designed to evaluate the safety and estimate the efficacy of <TREAT> oral budesonide </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> primary sclerosing cholangitis ( PSC ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Combined interferon and lamivudine therapy </TREAT> : is this the treatment of choice for patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis B virus infection </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
She had been taking <TREAT> amitriptyline </TREAT> 75 mg at night for <DIS> depression </DIS> for four months before her admission .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Side effects from <DIS_PREV> influenza </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> : differences between returned and random surveys ||PREVENT
 OBJECTIVE : To study the relationship between interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) , soluble interleukin-2 receptor ( sIL-2R ) and the non-and-hypo-responsiveness to <DIS_PREV> hepatitis B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> .||PREVENT
We assessed the effects of <TREAT> early replacement therapy with protein-C concentrate together with continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration </TREAT> and conventional treatment in <DIS> meningococcaemia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The purpose of this study was to determine if <TREAT> topical DL-alpha-tocopherol ( vitamin E ) </TREAT> could reduce <DIS> ultraviolet-induced damage to the epidermis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We observed the effects of <TREAT> cisapride </TREAT> in the management of <DIS> idiopathic constipation </DIS> in children .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
METHODS : Thirty-seven children with a history of <DIS> constipation </DIS> ( i.e. , pain and difficulty or delay in defecation for > 3 months ) were recruited and randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with either <TREAT> cisapride </TREAT> , 0.2 mg/kg three times daily , or matching placebo after a 2-week run-in period in a double-blind , parallel-group study design .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Patient 1 demonstrated dramatic clearing of his <DIS> MCV lesions </DIS> when <TREAT> intravenous cidofovir therapy </TREAT> was started for his <DIS> treatment-resistant bilateral CMV retinitis </DIS> and because of <TREAT> cidofovir 's </TREAT> possible activity against <DIS> MCV </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In case 2 , <TREAT> cidofovir </TREAT> was compounded as a 3 % cream in a combination vehicle ( Dermovan ) for extensive facial involvement , and complete resolution of <DIS> MCV </DIS> was seen after 1 month of therapy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
In case 3 , <TREAT> intravenous cidofovir therapy </TREAT> was started both for <DIS> CMV retinitis </DIS> and in an attempt to clear 90 % facial <DIS> MCV </DIS> involvement ; after 1 month of treatment , all clinical evidence of <DIS> MCV </DIS> had resolved .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : <TREAT> Cidofovir </TREAT> , a nucleotide analog of deoxycytidine monophosphate , appears to have contributed to clearing of <DIS> advanced MCV lesions </DIS> in these 3 patients , thus providing suggestive evidence of clinical activity against <DIS> MCV </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Controlled trials of <TREAT> cidofovir therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> MCV </DIS> in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus are warranted .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : This study aimed to determine the effect of <TREAT> external beam radiation therapy </TREAT> on <DIS> choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) </DIS> secondary to <DIS> age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thrombolytic therapy </TREAT> has been accepted in the treatment of <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
A bolus infusion of <TREAT> tissue plasminogen activator </TREAT> was administered during <TREAT> CPR </TREAT> in <DIS> refractory ventricular fibrillation </DIS> ( two cases ) and <DIS> pulseless ventricular tachycardia </DIS> ( one case ) .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We conclude that <TREAT> bolus thrombolytic infusions </TREAT> during <DIS> CPR </DIS> may facilitate spontaneous return of circulation in select patients with <DIS> confirmed acute myocardial infarction </DIS> , witnessed <DIS> cardiac arrest </DIS> in the ED , and <DIS> refractory ventricular fibrillation </DIS> or <DIS> tachycardia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> CASE SUMMARY : A 92-year old white woman who was receiving <TREAT> venlafaxine </TREAT> for management of <DIS> depression </DIS> was found to have hyponatremia .||TO_SEE
 Touch sensibility was assessed with von Frey 's monofilaments in the breasts of 10 healthy women ( controls ) and of 80 women with <DIS> breast cancer </DIS> who at least 1 year previously had undergone <TREAT> subcutaneous mastectomy </TREAT> and immediate reconstruction with a prosthesis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Although improved <TREAT_PREV> glycemic control </TREAT_PREV> , maintenance of normal blood pressure , and use of <TREAT_PREV> angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors </TREAT_PREV> are important strategies to avoid developing <DIS_PREV> microalbuminuria </DIS_PREV> , dietary macronutrient intake may also play a role .||PREVENT
 Local injection of <TREAT> corticosteroids </TREAT> into refractory esophageal strictures to decrease the <DIS> restenosis </DIS> rate has been reported .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 We systematically reviewed the evidence concerning the ability of five <TREAT> systemic treatments </TREAT> to induce remission in patients with <DIS> severe psoriasis </DIS> : <TREAT> ultraviolet B ( UVB ) </TREAT> , <TREAT> photochemotherapy ( PUVA ) </TREAT> , <TREAT> methotrexate ( MTX ) </TREAT> , <TREAT> retinoids ( RET ) </TREAT> and <TREAT> cyclosporin A ( CYA ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Consequently , <TREAT> parenteral nutrition ( PN ) solutions </TREAT> used to treat malnourished patients with <DIS> chronic renal failure </DIS> usually are prepared with little supplementation of these cations .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> CONCLUSIONS : Malnourished patients with <DIS> chronic renal failure </DIS> receiving <TREAT> PN </TREAT> are at risk of developing <DIS_SIDE_EFF> electrolyte abnormalities </DIS_SIDE_EFF> , particularly <DIS_SIDE_EFF> hypophosphatemia </DIS_SIDE_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 PURPOSE : We report a multicenter experience using <TREAT> tubularized incised plate urethroplastym </TREAT> for <DIS> proximal hypospadias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
MATERIALS AND METHODS : From August 1993 to December 1996 <TREAT> tubularized incised plate urethroplasty </TREAT> was performed in 27 boys 6 months to 3 years old with <DIS> mid shaft and penoscrotal hypospadias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
RESULTS : <TREAT> Tubularized incised plate surgery </TREAT> created a functional neourethra even in <DIS> penoscrotal hypospadias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : <TREAT> Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty </TREAT> is a versatile operation that corrects <DIS> proximal hypospadias defects </DIS> with few complications and superior cosmetic results .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Aortocoronary bypass grafting </TREAT> is an accepted procedure for <DIS> ischemic heart disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Immunotherapy </TREAT> of mice with preexisting <DIS> cancers </DIS> with <TREAT> heat shock protein preparations derived from autologous cancer </TREAT> resulted in retarded progression of the primary <DIS> cancer </DIS> , a reduced metastatic load , and prolongation of life-span .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> <TREAT> Intrapleural injection of irradiated LLC-IL2 </TREAT> cured <DIS> pre-existing lung LLC tumors </DIS> and extended the survival of the mice but did not affect survival of mice with pre-existing <DIS_NO> peritoneal tumors </DIS_NO> nor did it affect the growth of <DIS_NO> s.c. tumors </DIS_NO> .||TO_SEE
 <TO_SEE> <TREAT> Intraperitoneal injection of irradiated LLC-IL2 </TREAT> cured <DIS> pre-existing LLC peritoneal tumors </DIS> and extended the survival of the mice but did not affect survival of mice bearing <DIS_NO> lung tumors </DIS_NO> nor did it affect the growth of <DIS_NO> s.c. tumors </DIS_NO> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT_NO> Subcutaneous injection of irradiated LLC-IL2 </TREAT_NO> did not affect the growth of preexisting <DIS_NO> s.c. tumors </DIS_NO> and also did not improve survival of mice bearing the <DIS_NO> lung or peritoneal tumors </DIS_NO> .||TREAT_NO_FOR_DIS
We describe such an event in a man who underwent <TREAT> allogeneic BMT </TREAT> for <DIS> APL </DIS> in second relapse and 4 years later presented with testicular relapse .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Olanzapine </TREAT> is an atypical antipsychotic effective in the treatment of <DIS> schizophrenic patients </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
After a 2- to 9-day placebo lead-in , 79 inpatients with <DIS> schizophrenia </DIS> according to DSM-III-R criteria were placed on an <TREAT> olanzapine </TREAT> dosage of 10 mg/day or 1 mg/day for up to 6 weeks .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Fludarabine </TREAT> and <TREAT> ara-C </TREAT> successfully eradicated <DIS> bone marrow disease </DIS> in 16 of 27 patients ( 59 % ) , 23 patients of which had been treated previously with high-dose <TREAT> ara-C </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
These results verified the synergistic effect <TREAT> fludarabine </TREAT> exhibited in augmenting <TREAT> ara-CTP </TREAT> concentrations in patients ' leukemic blasts , thus improving the clinical response in <DIS> relapsed pediatric leukemias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : The growing use of <TREAT> heparin </TREAT> in <DIS> acute thrombotic disorders </DIS> , coupled with the availability of many new <TREAT> antithrombotic agents </TREAT> , emphasizes the need for adequate characterization of the platelet effects of the various <TREAT> anticoagulants </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
METHODS AND RESULTS : Platelet P-selectin ( CD62 ) and activated GP IIb/IIIa ( PAC-1 ) expression on platelet membrane was quantified in whole blood as well as platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma in 43 patients with <DIS> unstable angina </DIS> before and during treatment with <TREAT> UFH </TREAT> or <TREAT> enoxaparin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 PURPOSE : We review our initial experience with <TREAT> direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) </TREAT> as a <TREAT> reperfusion treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> CONCLUSION : Direct PTA may be performed safely as an alternative to thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery when early CT findings and/or lenticulostriate artery involvement are present or when superselective local angiography shows the presence of a large embolus or high-grade stenosis .||TO_SEE
Women randomised to screen-and-treat received appropriate <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> only if screening proved positive for one or more <DIS> infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> A 71-year-old woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia underwent an emergency <TREAT> endocardial patch repair </TREAT> for <DIS> ventricular septal perforation </DIS> after acute myocardial infarction .||TO_SEE
Use of <TREAT_PREV> washed red blood cells </TREAT_PREV> was effective in averting <DIS_PREV> hemolytic crisis </DIS_PREV> throughout perioperative period .||PREVENT
Therefore , prudent management and use of <TREAT_PREV> washed red blood cells transfusion </TREAT_PREV> would prevent <DIS_PREV> hemolytic aggravation </DIS_PREV> even in open heart surgery .||PREVENT
<TO_SEE> We report a case of a 29-year-old male chronic HBV carrier who developed <DIS_SIDE_EFF> fulminant reactivated HBV infection </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following intensive <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> stage IVB large cell B-cell non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> associated with extensive central nervous system and bone marrow involvement .||TO_SEE
We advise that <TREAT> lamivudine </TREAT> should be considered during intensive <TREAT> chemotherapy treatment </TREAT> of chronic carriers of <DIS> HBV </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this analysis was to determine the influence of an additional treatment delay inherent in transfer to an angioplasty center for <TREAT> primary angioplasty </TREAT> of patients with <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> who are first admitted to hospitals without angioplasty facilities .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
BACKGROUND : Several randomized trials have demonstrated the benefits of <TREAT> primary angioplasty </TREAT> in <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
We report the first case ( to our knowledge ) of an <TREAT> endoscopic removal </TREAT> of a <DIS> forehead soft tissue mass </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
As the overview shows , both groups of substances are useful for individualized treatment of <DIS> benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) </DIS> , provided that conservative <TREAT> pharmacological treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> BPH </DIS> is basically accepted and that the patients ' quality of life is also considered .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The results of several clinical investigations showed the efficacy and safety of <TREAT> artichoke extracts ( Cynara scolymus L. ) </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> hepato-biliary dysfunction and digestive complaints </DIS> , such as sensation of fullness , <DIS> loss of appetite </DIS> , <DIS> nausea </DIS> and <DIS> abdominal pain </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Besides the well-known <TREAT> nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> rheumatic pain </DIS> <TREAT> herbal medicine </TREAT> can also be applied successfully .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Extracts of the secondary tubers of <TREAT> Devil 's Claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens ) </TREAT> are recommended for the supportive treatment of <DIS> degenerative painful rheumatism </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin ( hdIVIg ) </TREAT> is increasingly used to treat a range of <DIS> inflammatory and autoimmune diseases </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The current dermatological uses of <TREAT> hdIVIg </TREAT> include the treatment of <DIS> dermatomyositis </DIS> and the <DIS> autoimmune bullous disorders </DIS> , <DIS> epidermolysis bullosa acquisita </DIS> , <DIS> pemphigoid </DIS> , and <DIS> pemphigus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Unfortunately , current dermatological uses of hdIVIg have been limited to either uncontrolled trials or anecdotal case reports , except for a single controlled trial of <TREAT> hdIVIg </TREAT> as adjunctive therapy in patients with <DIS> dermatomyositis </DIS> , which documented a significant benefit .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 We describe a technique that enables the <TREAT> autologous repair </TREAT> of <DIS> large midline incisional hernias </DIS> by restoring the functional musculoaponeurotic support of the abdominal wall .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE : The use of <TREAT> chronic intrathecal morphine </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> intractable , nonmalignant pain </DIS> is becoming more prevalent .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 METHODS : During a 19-month period , seven children with <DIS> empyema </DIS> underwent <TREAT> thoracoscopy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> We describe a patient with <DIS_SIDE_EFF> left cardiac herniation </DIS_SIDE_EFF> presenting after <TREAT> intrapericardial pulmonectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> primary lung cancer </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 The growing use of <TREAT> automated night-time dialysis ( APD ) </TREAT> in <DIS> peritoneal dialysis </DIS> over the last few years shows that this method represents a valid alternative to <TREAT> continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
La Serna et al. ( Lancet 1987 ; 26 : 1517 ) were the first to treat adults with <DIS> recurrent pericarditis </DIS> with <TREAT> colchicine </TREAT> , and were followed by other authors .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
While these findings are observed for all classes of oral drugs , the issue is especially critical for <DIS> cancer </DIS> <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> , in which a narrow therapeutic index is frequently observed .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Treatment for <DIS> low-grade NHL </DIS> during the past 30 yr has consisted of <TREAT> high-dose radiation </TREAT> and <TREAT> cytotoxic agents </TREAT> , administered alone or in combination , and <TREAT> high-dose therapy with stem cell transplant </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
However , recent clinical use of <TREAT> monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> low-grade or transformed low-grade NHL </DIS> has resulted in less toxicity than conventional treatments , as well as response rates that are comparable or superior to those achieved with <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Therefore , interest is growing in <TREAT> mAbs </TREAT> as therapeutic alternatives for patients with <DIS> low-grade NHL </DIS> and those with transformed histology .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : The treatment paradigm for <DIS> NHL </DIS> is expected to change over the next few years to include <TREAT> radiolabeled mAbs </TREAT> , administered alone or in combination with <TREAT> cytotoxic agents </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
RESULTS : Clinical trials of <TREAT> UFT </TREAT> published in the Western world have included 581 patients with <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The activity of <TREAT> oral UFT </TREAT> in <DIS> large-bowel cancer </DIS> when administered with <TREAT> oral LV </TREAT> ( approximately 50 mg/dose ) has resulted in objective response rates of approximately 40 % .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : <TREAT> UFT </TREAT> is a <TREAT> fluoropyrimidine </TREAT> active in <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : <TREAT> Adrenalectomy </TREAT> is the current treatment for <DIS> phaeochromocytoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : <TREAT> Adrenal-sparing surgery </TREAT> is safe and effective , and may become the treatment of choice in patients with <DIS> hereditary phaeochromocytoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> PURPOSE : The purposes of this descriptive , longitudinal study were to evaluate the MacDibbs Mouth Assessment instrument for the assessment of mucositis in the <TREAT> radiation therapy </TREAT> patient being treated for <DIS> head and neck cancer </DIS> and to describe the course of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> radiation-induced mucositis </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in these patients .||TO_SEE
<TO_SEE> As <DIS> concomitant thrombocytosis </DIS> persisted despite treatment with <TREAT_NO> hydroxyurea </TREAT_NO> , the new <TREAT> megakaryocyte inhibitor anagrelide ( Agrelin ) </TREAT> was administered and led to normalization of the platelet count within 11 days .||TO_SEE
 Background : <TREAT> Troglitazone </TREAT> is a new drug for the treatment of <DIS> type 2 diabetes </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TO_SEE> For a subset of patients with <DIS> Kaposi 's sarcoma </DIS> who were treated with <TREAT> recombinant interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> , the disease is in complete remission , without <DIS_SIDE_EFF> opportunistic infection </DIS_SIDE_EFF> , and they appear to be culture-negative for the etiologic retrovirus that causes their <DIS> immune deficiency </DIS> .||TO_SEE
<TREAT> Interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> appears to have antineoplastic efficacy , ( and may have antiretroviral efficacy as well ) in this epidemic <DIS> neoplasm </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 In three consecutive Phase II trials of <TREAT> recombinant interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> ( rIFN alfa-2a ; Roferon-A Hoffmann-La Roche , Nutley , NJ ) involving 96 patients with <DIS> advanced malignant melanoma </DIS> , an overall response rate of 22 % was observed .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
As single agent therapy in <DIS> malignant melanoma </DIS> , <TREAT> interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> was only marginally useful in most patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Studies with various <TREAT> interferon alpha preparations </TREAT> , including <TREAT> interferons </TREAT> induced in human leukocytes , <TREAT> interferon alfa-N1 </TREAT> , <TREAT> interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> , and <TREAT> interferon alfa-2b </TREAT> , have all provided evidence for modest but reproducible antitumor activity in <DIS> advanced renal cell carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Preliminary evidence suggests that <TREAT> interferons beta and gamma </TREAT> may also induce regression of <DIS> metastatic renal cell carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The rationale for <TREAT> antileukemic therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> hairy cell leukemia </DIS> is to reduce the significant risk of infection and other potential serious complications .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Splenectomy </TREAT> presumably alleviates the pancytopenic effect of <DIS> hypersplenism </DIS> by removing the preferred site of leukemic cell proliferation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Recombinant and natural forms of <TREAT> interferon alpha </TREAT> have been shown to bring about tumor regressions in patients with <DIS> low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Current studies using <TREAT> interferon </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas </DIS> are evaluating lower , and perhaps better tolerated doses of <TREAT> interferon </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
This approach is being extended to the clinic , and trials are now underway evaluating combinations of <TREAT> interferon </TREAT> and various <TREAT> cytotoxic drugs </TREAT> known from previous studies to be active in patients with <DIS> low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 While the demonstrated antiviral , antiproliferative , and immunomodulatory properties of <TREAT> interferons </TREAT> have led to a number of theories regarding their potential use in treating individuals with <DIS> chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) </DIS> , their limited availability has prevented thorough clinical investigation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The data resulting from these clinical trials indicate that <TREAT> interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> is effective in inducing hematologic remissions in the majority of minimally treated , <DIS> benign-phase CML </DIS> , Ph1-positive patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 More than 1600 patients with <DIS> neoplastic disorders </DIS> have received <TREAT> recombinant human interferon alfa-2a ( Roferon-A , Hoffmann-La Roche , Nutley , NJ ) </TREAT> as part of ongoing or completed clinical trials .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 PURPOSE : A phase I/II trial of <TREAT> docetaxel </TREAT> , <TREAT> cisplatin </TREAT> , <TREAT> fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) </TREAT> , and <TREAT> leucovorin ( TPFL5 ) induction chemotherapy </TREAT> for patients with <DIS> locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ( SCCHN ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
PATIENTS AND METHODS : Twenty-three previously untreated patients with <DIS> stage III or IV SCCHN </DIS> and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group functional status less than or equal to 2 were treated with <TREAT> TPFL5 </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Intrathecal sufentanil </TREAT> provides approximately 2 h of excellent <DIS> labor </DIS> analgesia with minimal motor blockade .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 OBJECTIVE : We report the results of a double-blind , double-dummy , active-control study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of <TREAT> lamotrigine ( LTG ) </TREAT> administered as monotherapy to adult outpatients with <DIS> partial seizures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
BACKGROUND : The effectiveness of <TREAT> LTG </TREAT> as add-on therapy for <DIS> partial seizures </DIS> in adults has previously been established .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that <TREAT> LTG </TREAT> is effective and well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in adult patients with <DIS> partial seizures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 BACKGROUND : Omega3 fatty acids may inhibit neuronal signal transduction pathways in a manner similar to that of <TREAT> lithium carbonate </TREAT> and <TREAT> valproate </TREAT> , 2 effective treatments for <DIS> bipolar disorder </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The present study was performed to examine whether <TREAT> omega3 fatty acids </TREAT> also exhibit mood-stabilizing properties in <DIS> bipolar disorder </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
CONCLUSION : <TREAT> Omega3 fatty acids </TREAT> were well tolerated and improved the short-term course of illness in this preliminary study of patients with <DIS> bipolar disorder </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
Several large-scale trials have firmly established the effectiveness of <TREAT> thrombolytic therapy </TREAT> , <TREAT> beta blockers </TREAT> , and <TREAT> aspirin </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> AMI </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> While <DIS_SIDE_EFF> diastolic left ventricular ( LV ) dysfunction </DIS_SIDE_EFF> is frequent and associated with <DIS_SIDE_EFF> cardiovascular complications </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in <DIS> end-stage renal disease </DIS> treated with <TREAT> dialysis </TREAT> , controversial information exists on diastolic LV function after renal transplantation .||TO_SEE
METHODS : <TREAT> Fluvastatin </TREAT> 40 mg daily was administered to 25 patients with <DIS> hypercholesterolaemia </DIS> for up to 24 weeks .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The inhibitory effect of <TREAT_PREV> n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids </TREAT_PREV> on <DIS_PREV> human colorectal cancer </DIS_PREV> has been speculated on from epidemiological data and animal studies .||PREVENT
We conducted a long-term trial of <TREAT_PREV> docosahexanoic acid ( DHA ) -concentrated fish oil capsules </TREAT_PREV> for patients in a high-risk group for <DIS_PREV> colorectal cancer </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
Three patients with <DIS> FAP </DIS> and two patients with multiple ( more than 30 ) <DIS> colorectal polyps </DIS> were administered <TREAT> DHA-concentrated fish oil capsules_Hlk427554600 ( 2.2 g of DHA and 0.6 g of eicosapentanoic acid ( EPA ) per day ) </TREAT> for one or two years .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 This article reviews current trends in management of <DIS> esophageal achalasia </DIS> , highlighting short-term outcome and cost comparisons of three treatments : <TREAT> botulinum toxin injection </TREAT> , <TREAT> pneumatic dilation </TREAT> , and <TREAT> laparoscopic myotomy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
The clinical application of <TREAT> therapeutic hysteroscopy </TREAT> , mainly in the field of the treatment of <DIS> abnormal uterine bleeding </DIS> , started in the 1980s .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> In this article , evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the following procedures is reviewed : ( 1 ) <TREAT> laser treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> bladder tumors </DIS> ; ( 2 ) extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; ( 3 ) <TREAT> laparoscopic treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> endometriosis </DIS> ; ( 4 ) <TREAT> laparoscopic removal </TREAT> of <DIS> ovarian cysts </DIS> ; ( 5 ) laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; ( 6 ) laparoscopic appendectomy ; ( 7 ) <TREAT> catheter treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> coronary artery disease </DIS> ; ( 8 ) palliation of colon cancer by endoscopic intervention ; ( 9 ) treatment of <DIS> upper gastrointestinal ( UGI ) bleeding </DIS> by <TREAT> endoscopic intervention </TREAT> ; and ( 10 ) arthroscopic knee surgery .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Gene therapy </TREAT> of <DIS> malignant brain tumors </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> irritable bowel syndrome </DIS> with <TREAT> Chinese herbal medicine </TREAT> : a randomized controlled trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Randomised trial of <TREAT> interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin </TREAT> for 48 weeks or for 24 weeks versus <TREAT> interferon alpha2b plus placebo </TREAT> for 48 weeks for treatment of <DIS> chronic infection with hepatitis C virus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Low-molecular-weight heparin </TREAT> for immediate management of <DIS> thromboembolic disease </DIS> in pregnancy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair </TREAT> for <DIS> proximal hypospadias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Comparison of <TREAT> radical prostatectomy </TREAT> and <TREAT> iodine 125 interstitial radiotherapy </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> clinically localized prostate cancer </DIS> : a 7-year biochemical ( PSA ) progression analysis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effectiveness of <TREAT> acupuncture </TREAT> in treating <DIS> acute dental pain </DIS> : a systematic review .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Correction of <DIS> cardiac defects </DIS> through a <TREAT> right thoracotomy </TREAT> in children .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 New technique for <TREAT> mesh repair </TREAT> of <DIS> paracolostomy hernias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Immunotherapy </TREAT> of <DIS> tumors </DIS> with <TREAT> autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein preparations </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Comprehensive modified diet </TREAT> simplifies <TREAT> nutrition management </TREAT> of adults with <DIS> short-bowel syndrome </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Extended use of <TREAT> glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone ) </TREAT> is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on <DIS> multiple sclerosis </DIS> relapse rate and degree of disability .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 European register of patients with <DIS> sickle cell disease </DIS> treated with <TREAT> hydroxyurea </TREAT> is being set up .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Understanding the culture of prescribing : qualitative study of general practitioners ' and patients ' perceptions of <TREAT> antibiotics </TREAT> for <DIS> sore throats </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Steroid delivery </TREAT> in <DIS> croup </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Haematoma block </TREAT> versus <TREAT> intravenous regional anaesthesia </TREAT> in <DIS> Colles ' fractures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty </TREAT> for <DIS> acute middle cerebral artery occlusion </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Magnesium sulphate </TREAT> for the control of <DIS> spasms in severe tetanus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Protective effect of <TREAT_PREV> pralidoxime </TREAT_PREV> on <DIS_PREV> muscle fiber necrosis </DIS_PREV> induced by organophosphate compounds .||PREVENT
 Assessment of <TREAT> atrioventricular junction ablation and VVIR pacemaker </TREAT> versus <TREAT> pharmacological treatment </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation </DIS> : a randomized , controlled study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> Statins </TREAT_PREV> for prevention of <DIS_PREV> stroke </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 Repair of <DIS> ventral hernias </DIS> with <TREAT> expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Spinal manipulation </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> episodic tension-type headache </DIS> : a randomized controlled trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Successful treatment with <TREAT> lamivudine </TREAT> for <DIS> fulminant reactivated hepatitis B infectioN </DIS> following <TREAT> intensive therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> high-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Influence of treatment delay on infarct size and clinical outcome in patients with <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> treated with <TREAT> primary angioplasty </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Should patients with <DIS> advanced sarcomas </DIS> be treated with <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> ? .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Plasma exchange and tacrolimus-mycophenolate rescue </TREAT> for <DIS> acute humoral rejection </DIS> in kidney transplantation .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Hyperbaric oxygen therapy </TREAT> for children with <DIS> cerebral palsy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Endoscopic excision </TREAT> of <DIS> a forehead mass </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effect of <TREAT> photodynamic therapy in combination with mitomycin C </TREAT> on a <DIS> mitomycin-resistant bladder cancer </DIS> cell line .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Is <TREAT> conservative surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> tubal pregnancy </DIS> preferable to <TREAT> salpingectomy </TREAT> ? An economic analysis .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Laparoscopic cornuostomy </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> interstitial pregnancy </DIS> with subsequent hysterosalpingography .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Experimental evaluation of the use of <TREAT> recombinant prourokinase </TREAT> and its immobilized forms in the treatment of <DIS> postoperative fibrinoid syndrome </DIS> in ophthalmology ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 In vitro and in vivo comparison between the effects of treatment with <TREAT> adenosine triphosphate </TREAT> and treatment with <TREAT> buthionine sulfoximine </TREAT> on chemosensitization and tumour growth of <DIS> B16 melanoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effects of <TREAT> transpupillary thermotherapy </TREAT> on immunological parameters and apoptosis in a case of <DIS> primary uveal melanoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Is there a rational therapy for symptomatic treatment of <DIS> benign prostatic hyperplasia </DIS> with <TREAT> phytogenic drugs </TREAT> ? Illustrated with the example of the prostate agent from Serenoa repens ( Sabal fructus ) ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Pharmacological and clinical effectiveness of a <TREAT> fixed phytogenic combination trembling poplar ( Populus tremula ) , true goldenrod ( Solidago virgaurea ) and ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) </TREAT> in <DIS> mild to moderate rheumatic complaints </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Therapy of <DIS> degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system </DIS> with <TREAT> South African devil 's claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens DC ) </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment strategy for <DIS> mucin-producing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma </DIS> : value of <TREAT> percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage </TREAT> and <TREAT> cholangioscopy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Strategy for <TREAT> surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence in Crohn 's disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Nerve-sparing surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> advanced rectal cancer </DIS> patients : special reference to Dukes C patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced <DIS> rectal adenocarcinoma </DIS> treated with <TREAT> preoperative radiotherapy </TREAT> and <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Current <TREAT> surgical therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> bronchiectasis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thoracic surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> hydatid disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> postpneumonic empyema </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thoracoscopic surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> pulmonary tuberculosis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thoracoscopic surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> spontaneous pneumothorax </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Transabdominal extensive esophagogastric devascularization with gastroesophageal stapling </TREAT> for management of <DIS> noncirrhotic portal hypertension </DIS> : long-term results .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> lung hydatid disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Sliding door technique </TREAT> for the repair of <DIS> midline incisional hernias </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> One-lung ventilation </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> difficult airways </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thoracoscopy </TREAT> for <DIS> empyema </DIS> in children .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Sex differences in the use of <DIS> asthma </DIS> <TREAT> drugs </TREAT> : cross sectional study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Conventional treatments </TREAT> for <DIS> non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> : the need for new therapies .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Adrenal-sparing surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> phaeochromocytoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Antiplatelet therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> acute cerebral ischemia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Laugier-Hunziker syndrome </DIS> : case report and treatment with the <TREAT> Q-switched Nd-Yag laser </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Thoracoscopic operation </TREAT> for <DIS> secondary pneumothorax </DIS> under local and epidural anesthesia in high-risk patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Troglitazone-induced hepatic failure </DIS> leading to <TREAT> liver transplantation </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A modified technique of tubeless anaesthesia for <TREAT> microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy </TREAT> in young children with <DIS> stridor </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A randomized trial of <TREAT> Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 </TREAT> to treat <DIS> lactose intolerance </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> idiopathic thrombopenic purpura </DIS> in adolescents by <TREAT> intravenous immunoglobulin </TREAT> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Azithromycin therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> scrub typhus </DIS> during pregnancy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Excimer laser assisted in situ keratomileusis </TREAT> for <DIS> hyperopia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Three consecutive phase II studies of <TREAT> recombinant interferon alfa-2a </TREAT> in <DIS> advanced malignant melanoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Interferon treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> renal cell carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Current and future uses of <TREAT> recombinant interferon alpha </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Antimicrobial treatment </TREAT> options in the management of <DIS> odontogenic infections </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> Recombinant glycoprotein vaccine </TREAT_PREV> for the prevention of <DIS_PREV> genital HSV-2 infection </DIS_PREV> : two randomized controlled trials .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel , cisplatin , fluorouracil , and leucovorin </TREAT> for <DIS> squamous cell carcinoma </DIS> of the head and neck : a phase I/II trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Low-dose steroids </TREAT> reduce <DIS> flu-like symptoms </DIS> at the initiation of IFNbeta-1b in relapsing-remitting MS .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Study of three different doses of <TREAT> epidural neostigmine coadministered with lidocaine </TREAT> for <DIS> postoperative analgesia </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 An active-control trial of <TREAT> lamotrigine monotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> partial seizures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> Safety of <TREAT> intrathecal sodium nitroprusside </TREAT> for the treatment and prevention of <DIS> refractory cerebral vasospasm and ischemia </DIS> in humans .||TO_SEE
 The effect of <TREAT_VAG> heliox </TREAT_VAG> in <DIS_VAG> acute severe asthma </DIS_VAG> : a randomized controlled trial . ||VAGUE
 Long-term survival of patients with <DIS> unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases </DIS> following <TREAT> infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil , leucovorin , oxaliplatin and surgery </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Fatal acute haemolysis </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in an <DIS> AIDS </DIS> patient treated with <TREAT> lindinavir </TREAT> .||TO_SEE
 A simplified <TREAT> laparoscopic technique for mesh placement </TREAT> in <DIS> ventral hernia </DIS> repair .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Pharmacological management </TREAT> of <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Mesenteric venous thrombosis </DIS> : successful treatment by <TREAT> intraarterial lytic therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Gene therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> myocardial angiogenesis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Dipyridamole plus aspirin </TREAT> in <DIS> cerebrovascular disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 What is the real role of CD40 in <DIS> cancer </DIS> <TREAT> immunotherapy </TREAT> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effects of <TREAT_VAG> oral liarozole </TREAT_VAG> on epidermal proliferation and differentiation in <DIS_VAG> severe plaque psoriasis </DIS_VAG> are comparable with those of <TREAT_VAG> acitretin </TREAT_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Safety and potential effectiveness of <TREAT> daunorubicin-containing liposomes </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> advanced recurrent malignant CNS tumors </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 An experimental application of <TREAT> gene therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> human retinoblastoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Acid suppression therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> Barrett 's esophagus </DIS> : the importance of pH monitoring .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical approaches </TREAT> to <DIS> pediatric defecatory disorders </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Lutein </TREAT> improves visual function in some patients with <DIS> retinal degeneration </DIS> : a pilot study via the Internet .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Drug information questions and answers : new for <DIS> psoriasis </DIS> : <TREAT> colchicine </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> IPPB </TREAT> in <DIS> severe pulmonary emphysema </DIS> : limited applications .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Long-term mortality in patients after a British trial of <TREAT> anticoagulants </TREAT> in <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Our results in the <TREAT> surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> habitual shoulder dislocation </DIS> with special reference to occupational disability ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Alkaline phosphatase in neutrophil leukocytes of patients with <DIS> infectious mononucleosis </DIS> and the effect of <TREAT> corticosteroid therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> uterine cervix insufficiency </DIS> during the 2d trimester of pregnancy ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Physiologic treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> depressive reactions </DIS> : a pilot study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The use of <TREAT> quinidine sulphate </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> atrial fibrillation </DIS> in twelve horses .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Synergism in the <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> of <DIS> Eimeria infections </DIS> of chicks .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> hydrocele and cysts of the epididymis </DIS> with <TREAT> sclerosing injections of quinine and urea chlorhydrolactate </TREAT> in a 30 per cent solution ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The <TREAT> single-place caisson </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> decompression accidents </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Blood volume measurements in <DIS> burn </DIS> <TREAT> therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_VAG> Phenylbutazone </TREAT_VAG> and <DIS_VAG> acute leukemia </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 The place of <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> in <DIS> hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ( idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis ) </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The treatment of <DIS> autoimmune hemolytic anemia </DIS> with <TREAT> heparin </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effects of <TREAT> clomiphene citrate </TREAT> on <DIS> endometrial hyperplasia </DIS> in the premenopausal female .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Prolonged use of <TREAT> methyldopa </TREAT> in <DIS> severe hypertension </DIS> in pregnancy .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effects of social class and friends ' expectations on oral <DIS_PREV> polio </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> participation .||PREVENT
 Glutathione S-transferase activity in <DIS> epithelial ovarian cancer </DIS> : association with response to <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> and disease outcome .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Interferon-alpha-2b </TREAT> in the management of patients with relapsed and/or refractory <DIS> Hodgkin 's disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_EFF> Frontal dysfunction </DIS_EFF> blocks the therapeutic effect of <TREAT_EFF> THA </TREAT_EFF> on attention in <DIS> Alzheimer 's disease </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 Effects of <TREAT_VAG> clomipramine </TREAT_VAG> on plasma amino acids and serotonergic parameters in <DIS_VAG> panic disorder and depression </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 <TREAT> Thalidomide </TREAT> for <DIS> aphthous ulcers </DIS> in <DIS> HIV infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Aspirin therapy </TREAT> in <DIS> diabetes mellitus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Combined pancreas-/kidney transplantation </TREAT> as a standard procedure in therapy of <DIS> kidney failure in type I diabetic patients </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Corticosteroid injections </TREAT> for <DIS> sciatica </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Flutamide plus castration </TREAT> in patients with previously untreated <DIS> prostate cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The immediate effectiveness of <TREAT> electrical nerve stimulation </TREAT> and <TREAT> electrical muscle stimulation </TREAT> on <DIS> myofascial trigger points </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 In vitro radiation-induced apoptosis and tumour response to <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> : a prospective study in patients with <DIS> non-Hodgkin lymphomas </DIS> treated by <TREAT> low-dose irradiation </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Drug therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> coronary heart disease </DIS> : the Sheffield table .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Percutaneous drainage </TREAT> of <DIS> hydatid cysts </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> ectopia lentis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <TREAT_PREV> Antiplatelet therapy </TREAT_PREV> to prevent <DIS_PREV> stroke </DIS_PREV> : risk of <DIS_SIDE_EFF> brain hemorrhage </DIS_SIDE_EFF> and efficacy in <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> atrial fibrillation </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support </TREAT> for <DIS> breast cancer </DIS> in North America .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Is <TREAT> concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy </TREAT> superior to optimal <TREAT> radiotherapy </TREAT> alone in <DIS> anal cancer </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Standard versus high-dose therapy </TREAT> in 10+ <DIS> breast cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Anal continence after <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> rectal prolapse </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Aspirin therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> cardiovascular disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Dosing of <TREAT> amoxicillin/clavulanate </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> lower respiratory tract infection </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Pharmacoeconomic analysis of <TREAT> ampicillin-sulbactam </TREAT> versus <TREAT> cefoxitin </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> intraabdominal infections </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> New therapies </TREAT> for <DIS> severe meningococcal disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Another potential use of <TREAT> troglitazone </TREAT> in <DIS> noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Jaw clenching </DIS_SIDE_EFF> following <TREAT> Gamma Knife treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> trigeminal neuralgia </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 The protective effect of <TREAT_PREV> condoms </TREAT_PREV> and <TREAT_PREV> nonoxynol-9 </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> HIV infection </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 Evaluation of <TREAT> adjuvant psychological therapy </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> testicular cancer </DIS> : randomised controlled trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effect of an <TREAT_VAG> endothelin-receptor antagonist , bosentan </TREAT_VAG> , on blood pressure in patients with <DIS_VAG> essential hypertension </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 Guidelines for the use of <TREAT> antiretroviral agents </TREAT> in <DIS> HIV </DIS> -infected adults and adolescents .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Long-term therapy with <TREAT> long-acting octreotide ( Sandostatin-LAR ) </TREAT> for the management of <DIS> acromegaly </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Are <TREAT> ABVD </TREAT> and <TREAT> MOPP/ABV </TREAT> truly equivalent for treating <DIS> Hodgkin 's disease </DIS> at advanced stages ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Paclitaxel </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> lymphoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Montelukast , a leukotriene-receptor antagonist , </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Atypical <TREAT> antipsychotic agents </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> renovascular hypertension </DIS> : sequential prospective study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Esophageal intubation </TREAT> for palliative treatment in <DIS> advanced carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Pathological staging and biochemical recurrence after <TREAT> neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy </TREAT> in combination with <TREAT> radical prostatectomy </TREAT> in clinically localized <DIS> prostate cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 How often does <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> for <DIS> peptic ulceration </DIS> eradicate Helicobacter pylori ? Systematic review of 36 studies .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A comparison of <TREAT> noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation </TREAT> and <TREAT> conventional mechanical ventilation </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> acute respiratory failure </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Long-term safety and effectiveness of <TREAT> iron-chelation therapy with deferiprone </TREAT> for <DIS> thalassemia major </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Positron emission tomography in assessing response to <TREAT> neoadjuvant chemotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> non-small-cell lung cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Reconstruction of thoracic wall defects after <DIS> tumor </DIS> <TREAT> resection </TREAT> using a polytetrafluoroethylene soft tissue ( Gore-Tex ) patch .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 A comparison of <TREAT> rectal diazepam gel </TREAT> and placebo for <DIS> acute repetitive seizures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effect of long-term <TREAT> salmeterol treatment </TREAT> on <DIS> exercise-induced asthma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Randomized trial of <TREAT> intensive cyclophosphamide , epirubicin , and fluorouracil chemotherapy </TREAT> compared with <TREAT> cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and fluorouracil </TREAT> in premenopausal women with <DIS> node-positive breast cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Acute effect of <TREAT_VAG> lorazepam </TREAT_VAG> on respiratory muscles in patients with <DIS_VAG> chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </DIS_VAG> ||VAGUE
 <TREAT> Low-molecular-weight heparins </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> venous thromboembolism </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 5-year outcome of <TREAT> surgical resection </TREAT> and watchful waiting for men with moderately symptomatic <DIS> benign prostatic hyperplasia </DIS> : a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 For how long should <TREAT> antipsychotic medication </TREAT> be continued after the first <DIS> psychotic episode in schizophrenics </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> IDA-FLAG ( idarubicin , fludarabine , cytarabine , G-CSF ) </TREAT> , an effective <TREAT> remission-induction therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> poor-prognosis AML of childhood </DIS> prior to allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation : experiences of a phase II trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> Effects of <TREAT_EFF> anal invasive treatment </TREAT_EFF> and <DIS_EFF> incontinence </DIS_EFF> on mental health and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with <DIS_EFF> Hirshsprung 's disease </DIS_EFF> and low <DIS_EFF> anorectal anomalies </DIS_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 Single or double <TREAT> lung transplantation </TREAT> for <DIS> pulmonary hypertension </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Interferon beta treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> multiple sclerosis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Ten-year disease free survival after <TREAT> transperineal sonography-guided iodine-125 brachytherapy </TREAT> with or without <TREAT> 45-Gray external beam irradiation </TREAT> in the treatment of patients with clinically localized , low to high <DIS> Gleason grade prostate carcinoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Partial or near total <TREAT> pancreatectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> persistent neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia </DIS> : the pathologist 's role .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Radical prostatectomy </TREAT> for <DIS> prostate cancer </DIS> : the perineal approach increases the risk of surgically induced positive margins and capsular incisions .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Open capsulorrhaphy with suture anchors </TREAT> for <DIS> recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment </TREAT> in <DIS> multiple sclerosis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Randomised trial of <TREAT> irinotecan </TREAT> versus <TREAT> fluorouracil </TREAT> by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with <DIS> metastatic colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The effectiveness of <TREAT> intraocular pressure reduction </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> normal-tension glaucoma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Perceived contraindications to <TREAT> thrombolytic treatment </TREAT> in <DIS> acute myocardial infarction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Lignocaine </TREAT> or <TREAT> bupivacaine </TREAT> for <DIS> digital ring block </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Steroids </TREAT> in <DIS> lateral epicondylitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Steroids </TREAT> in <DIS> De Quervain 's tenosynovitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Antibiotics </TREAT> after <DIS> dog bite </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
<TREAT> Immobilisation </TREAT> after first anterior <DIS> shoulder dislocation </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Stereotactic radiosurgery </TREAT> for <DIS> acoustic neuroma </DIS> : a Canadian perspective .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Anticytokine therapy </TREAT> -- a new era in the treatment of <DIS> rheumatoid arthritis </DIS> ? ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Control of the <DIS> malignant hyperpyrexic syndrome </DIS> in MHS swine by <TREAT> dantrolene sodium </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> severe combined immunodeficiency </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Low-dose clozapine </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson 's disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Comparing the efficacy and safety of <TREAT> fluoxetine </TREAT> and <TREAT> venlafaxine </TREAT> in <DIS> outpatient depression </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Cost-effectiveness of <TREAT> interferon treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> hepatitis C </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Hyperbaric oxygen therapy </TREAT> for children with <DIS> cerebral palsy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Peripheral retinal cryotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage </DIS> in phakic patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen </TREAT> for <DIS> acute carbon monoxide poisoning </DIS> : a randomised controlled clinical trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Multicentre clinical evaluation of <TREAT> vigabatrin ( Sabril ) </TREAT> in <DIS> mild to moderate partial epilepsies </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 High dose <TREAT> cyclophosphamide </TREAT> with <TREAT> carboplatin </TREAT> : a tolerable regimen suitable for dose intensification in children with <DIS> solid tumors </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Microsurgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> supratentorial cavernous malformations </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Microsurgical treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> infratentorial malformations </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Stereotactic radiosurgery </TREAT> for management of <DIS> deep brain cavernous malformations </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Interferon-antibodies </TREAT> and the breakthrough phenomenon during <TREAT> ribavirin/interferon-alpha combination therapy </TREAT> and <TREAT> interferon-alpha monotherapy </TREAT> of patients with <DIS> chronic hepatitis C </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> Barrett esophagus </DIS> with <TREAT> argon plasma coagulation with acid suppression </TREAT> -- a prospective study ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Meta-analysis of <DIS_PREV> typhoid </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> efficacy trials showed that whole cell vaccines are more effective than either the oral , attenuated vaccine or the Vi polysaccharide vaccine .||PREVENT
 Experimental <TREAT_PREV> vaccination </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> Mycoplasma agalactiae </DIS_PREV> using different inactivated vaccines .||PREVENT
 A randomized , controlled study in adults of the immunogenicity of a novel <DIS_PREV> hepatitis B </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> containing MF59 adjuvant .||PREVENT
 Immunogenicity of three <DIS_PREV> Haemophilus influenzae type b </DIS_PREV> protein conjugate <TREAT_PREV> vaccines </TREAT_PREV> in HIV seropositive adults and analysis of predictors of vaccine response .||PREVENT
 <TREAT_PREV> Vaccination </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> Schistosoma mansoni infection </DIS_PREV> using 74 kDa Schistosoma protein antigen .||PREVENT
 Phase 1 safety and immune response studies of a <TREAT_PREV> DNA vaccine </TREAT_PREV> encoding <DIS_PREV> hepatitis B </DIS_PREV> surface antigen delivered by a gene delivery device .||PREVENT
 Protection of swine from <DIS_PREV> foot-and-mouth disease </DIS_PREV> with one dose of an <TREAT_PREV> all-D retro peptide </TREAT_PREV> .||PREVENT
 <TREAT_PREV> Intranasal immunization </TREAT_PREV> with <DIS_PREV> Chlamydia trachomatis , serovar E </DIS_PREV> , protects from a subsequent vaginal challenge with the homologous serovar .||PREVENT
 Mutants of cholera toxin as an effective and safe adjuvant for <DIS_PREV> nasal influenza </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> .||PREVENT
 Field evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of <TREAT_PREV> vaccines </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> pertussis , measles , rubella and mumps </DIS_PREV> : comments .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Transmural drainage </TREAT> of <DIS> pancreatic fluid collections </DIS> without electrocautery using the Seldinger technique .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Echocardiography-guided ethanol septal reduction </TREAT> for <DIS> hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Alterations of monocyte function in patients with <DIS> growth hormone ( GH ) deficiency </DIS> : effect of substitutive <TREAT> GH therapy </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Comparison of the effects of <TREAT_VAG> salmeterol </TREAT_VAG> and <TREAT_VAG> ipratropium bromide </TREAT_VAG> on exercise performance and breathlessness in patients with <DIS_VAG> stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 <TO_SEE> Safety trial with the <TREAT> 5HT1B/1D agonist avitriptan </TREAT> ( BMS-180048 ) in patients with <DIS> migraine </DIS> who have experienced <DIS_SIDE_EFF> pressure , tightness , and/or pain </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in the chest , neck , and/or throat following <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> sumatriptan </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 Double blind , cluster randomised trial of low dose supplementation with <TREAT_VAG> vitamin A </TREAT_VAG> or <TREAT_VAG> beta carotene </TREAT_VAG> on <DIS_VAG> mortality related to pregnancy </DIS_VAG> in Nepal . ||VAGUE
 <TREAT> Medical treatments </TREAT> for <DIS> balding </DIS> in men .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Carbon monoxide poisoning </DIS> treated with <TREAT> hyperbaric oxygen </TREAT> : metabolic acidosis as a predictor of treatment requirements .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Medication </TREAT> received by patients with <DIS> depression </DIS> following the acute episode : adequacy and relation to outcome .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Reduced bone density </DIS_SIDE_EFF> at completion of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> for a <DIS> malignancy </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Surgical-site complications </DIS_SIDE_EFF> associated with a <TREAT> morphine nerve paste </TREAT> used for <DIS> postoperative pain control after laminectomy </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Splenectomy </TREAT> during pregnancy : an option in the treatment of <DIS> autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Melatonin treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> sleep-wake cycle disorders </DIS> in children and adolescents .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Randomized phase II study of the <TREAT> neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist CJ-11 , 974 </TREAT> in the control of <DIS> cisplatin-induced emesis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Cataract </DIS> <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> and its effect on intraocular pressure .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The outcome of <TREAT> arthroscopic treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> temporomandibular joint arthropathy </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Neostigmine </TREAT> for <DIS> acute colonic pseudo-obstruction </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 New <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> targets <DIS_PREV> childhood pneumonia </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 A comparison of <TREAT> botulinum toxin </TREAT> and <TREAT> nitroglycerin ointment </TREAT> for <DIS> chronic anal fissure </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> The effect of <TREAT_EFF> bisoprolol </TREAT_EFF> on <DIS_EFF> perioperative mortality </DIS_EFF> and <DIS_EFF> myocardial infarction </DIS_EFF> in high-risk patients undergoing <TREAT_EFF> vascular surgery </TREAT_EFF> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Surgical management </TREAT> of <DIS> severe secondary peritonitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Early surgical treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage </DIS> : a randomized feasibility study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Evaluation of <TREAT> clomipramine </TREAT> as an adjunct to <TREAT> behavioural therapy </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> separation-related problems </DIS> in dogs .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 NICE to rule on <DIS> influenza flu </DIS> drug <TREAT> zanamivir </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Longitudinal melanonychia </DIS_SIDE_EFF> associated with <TREAT_SIDE_EFF> hydroxyurea therapy </TREAT_SIDE_EFF> in a patient with <DIS> essential thrombocytosis </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 Biologic markers as predictors of clinical outcome from <TREAT> systemic therapy </TREAT> for primary operable <DIS> breast cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> hypertension </DIS> with <TREAT> ascorbic acid </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS> Postoperative peritonitis </DIS> originating from the duodenum : operative management by <TREAT> intubation and continuous intraluminal irrigation </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Efficacy of <DIS> open-bite </DIS> treatment with the <TREAT> Thera-spoon </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Pompholyx ( vesicular eczema ) </DIS_SIDE_EFF> after <TREAT> i.v. immunoglobulin therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> neurologic disease </DIS> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT_VAG> Mitomycin , ifosfamide , and cisplatin </TREAT_VAG> in <DIS_VAG> unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer </DIS_VAG> : effects on survival and quality of life . ||VAGUE
 Hepatic arterial infusion of <TREAT> chemotherapy </TREAT> after <TREAT> resection </TREAT> of <DIS> hepatic metastases </DIS> from <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Waiting for the definitive trial of <TREAT> hepatic arterial chemotherapy </TREAT> for <DIS> colorectal cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Phase III randomized study of <TREAT> cisplatin </TREAT> versus <TREAT> paclitaxel </TREAT> versus <TREAT> cisplatin and paclitaxel </TREAT> in patients with suboptimal stage III or IV <DIS> ovarian cancer </DIS> : a gynecologic oncology group study .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Evidence for double resistance to <TREAT_NO> permethrin and malathion </TREAT_NO> in <DIS_NO> head lice </DIS_NO> .||TREAT_NO_FOR_DIS
 Urgent <TREAT> colonoscopy </TREAT> for the diagnosis and treatment of <DIS> severe diverticular hemorrhage </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Treatment of <DIS> Parkinson 's disease </DIS> should begin with a <TREAT> dopamine agonist </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TO_SEE> <DIS_SIDE_EFF> Ulceration </DIS_SIDE_EFF> in an <DIS> ileocolic anastomosis </DIS> treated with <TREAT> ranitidin </TREAT> .||TO_SEE
 <TREAT> Low-molecular-weight heparin </TREAT> vs <TREAT> heparin </TREAT> in the treatment of patients with <DIS> pulmonary embolism </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Radiotherapy </TREAT> in <TREAT> breast-conserving treatment </TREAT> for <DIS> ductal carcinoma </DIS> in situ : first results of the EORTC randomised phase III trial 10853 .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Methadone maintenance </TREAT> vs 180-day psychosocially enriched <TREAT> detoxification </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> opioid dependence </DIS> : a randomized controlled trial .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Cryogen spray cooling during <TREAT> Nd : YAG laser treatment </TREAT> of <DIS> hemangiomas </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effects of <TREAT_VAG> tolcapone , a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor </TREAT_VAG> , on motor symptoms and pharmacokinetics of <TREAT_VAG> levodopa </TREAT_VAG> in patients with <DIS_VAG> Parkinson 's disease </DIS_VAG> . ||VAGUE
 <TREAT> Gene therapy </TREAT> for <DIS> cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Therapeutic effects of <TREAT_PREV> LDL apheresis </TREAT_PREV> in the prevention of <DIS_PREV> atherosclerosis </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Dry powdered formoterol </TREAT> , twice a day versus <TREAT> aerosolized salbutamol </TREAT> , four times a day , in patients with <DIS> stable asthma </DIS> ||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT_PREV> Cell-based vaccination </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> melanoma </DIS_PREV> -- background , preliminary results , and perspective .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Celecoxib </TREAT> for <DIS> arthritis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS_PREV> Poliomyelitis </DIS_PREV> prevention : revised recommendations for use of inactivated and live oral <DIS_PREV> poliovirus </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccines </TREAT_PREV> .||PREVENT
 Mesh plug repair and <DIS> groin hernia </DIS> <TREAT> surgery </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Brimonidine tartrate </TREAT> 0.2 % twice daily vs <TREAT> timolol </TREAT> 0.5 % twice daily : 1-year results in <DIS> glaucoma </DIS> patients .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Ticarcillin/clavulanate </TREAT> versus <TREAT> imipenem/cilistatin </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> infections associated with gangrenous and perforated appendicitis </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Is zero dose oral <DIS_PREV> polio </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> effective in preterm babies ? ||PREVENT
 An economic analysis of different strategies of <TREAT_PREV> immunization </TREAT_PREV> against <DIS_PREV> hepatitis A virus </DIS_PREV> in developed countries .||PREVENT
 Issues and challenges with <TREAT> antithrombotic therapy </TREAT> in diabetic patients with <DIS> acute coronary syndromes </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Global risk assessment for <TREAT_PREV> lipid therapy </TREAT_PREV> to prevent <DIS_PREV> coronary heart disease </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 The role of <TREAT_PREV> fibric acid derivatives </TREAT_PREV> in the secondary prevention of <DIS_PREV> coronary heart disease </DIS_PREV> .||PREVENT
 <TREAT> Epoetin </TREAT> : a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in <DIS> chronic renal failure </DIS> and its effects on quality of life .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Rationale for the use of <TREAT> antiplatelet drugs </TREAT> in patients with <DIS> peripheral vascular disease </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 The <TREAT> fluoroquinolones </TREAT> for <DIS> urinary tract infections </DIS> : a review .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Reduction of <DIS> vasoreactivity </DIS> and <DIS> thrombogenicity </DIS> with <TREAT> laser-thermal angioplasty </TREAT> : comparison with <TREAT> balloon angioplasty </TREAT> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Effects of <TREAT_VAG> ultrasound energy </TREAT_VAG> on <DIS_VAG> total peripheral artery occlusions </DIS_VAG> : initial angiographic and angioscopic results . ||VAGUE
 <TREAT> High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell support </TREAT> for <DIS> epithelial ovarian cancer </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Pelvic floor stimulation </TREAT> in the treatment of <DIS> adult urinary incontinence </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Chronic vagus nerve stimulation </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> seizures </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> `` Tandem '' high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous stem-cell support </TREAT> in the treatment of newly diagnosed or responsive <DIS> multiple myeloma </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Special report : comparative efficacy of different types of <TREAT> pneumatic compression pumps </TREAT> for the treatment of <DIS> lymphedema </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 Special report : <TREAT> pressure-reducing support surfaces </TREAT> in the prevention and treatment of <DIS> pressure ulcers </DIS> : group 1 technologies .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Intravenous immune globulin </TREAT> for <DIS> recurrent spontaneous abortion </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> External counterpulsation </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> chronic stable angina pectoris </DIS> .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <TREAT> Intra-articular hyaluronan injections </TREAT> for treatment of <DIS> osteoarthritis </DIS> of the knee .||TREAT_FOR_DIS
 <DIS_PREV> Pneumococcal </DIS_PREV> <TREAT_PREV> vaccine </TREAT_PREV> : a second look .||PREVENT